This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically. The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions. The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa. In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons). / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically. The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions. The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa. In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons). / Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

El objetivo de esta tesis, es reunir información gramatical suficiente que permita determinar qué características deben reunir las bases verbales del español para ser capaces de originar un adjetivo deverbal de participio (ADP), y, basados en ello, poder describir cómo opera el proceso de activación de valor especializado en los términos N+ADP del dominio de la economía. Estas construcciones sintácticas mínimas son muy productivas en los discursos de ámbitos especializados, sin embargo la naturaleza híbrida de la forma participial acarrea muchos conflictos a la tarea de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural (PNL). Esta aproximación al análisis de los ADP es lingüística, está anclada teóricamente en la Teoría Comunicativa de la Terminología (TCT) e intenta ser el punto de contacto entre teoría y aplicación. / The goal of this thesis is to pinpoint the grammatical information that is necessary to determine which Spanish verb stems give rise to an adjectival participle (AP). This information will allow us to describe the linguistic indicators that, within the domain of economy, activate a specialized meaning in those terms that have the structure AP+noun. These syntactic minimal constructions are highly productive in specialized discourse. Nevertheless, the hybrid nature of the participial form invokes many conflicts in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. This descriptive approach to the adjectival participles is linguistic in nature, based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology (CTT), intends to be the point of contact between theory and application.

The present study investigates children's production of gesture-speech combinations and how they relate to language acquisition. 16 children were observed at seven age points (0;9, 1;0, 1;3, 1;6, 1;9, 2;0 and 3;0), and their gesture-speech combinations were classified into the categories complementary, supplementary and discourse combinations. The results show that the production of gesture-speech combinations over time follows different patterns in children with high, average and low productive vocabulary. Furthermore, the amount of gesture-speech combinations produced at four age points predicted productive vocabulary at the age of 2;6, and the amount produced at the age of 1;6 predicted sentence complexity at 3;0. The use of complementary gesture-speech combinations at three age points was also linked to productive vocabulary. The age of onset of supplementary gesture-speech combinations predicted sentence complexity at 3;0, while the age of onset of discourse gesture-speech combinations predicted productive vocabulary at 2;6. The results support previous research suggesting that complementary and supplementary gesture-speech combinations play an important role in child language acquisition. Additionally, the results of the present study suggest that discourse gesture-speech combinations are also connected with language development. / Den här studien undersöker barns produktion av gest-ordkombinationer och hur dessa är relaterade till språkutveckling. 16 barns produktion undersöktes vid sju ålderspunkter (0;9, 1;0, 1;3, 1;6, 1;9, 2;0 och 3;0), och deras gest-ordkombinationer klassificerades i kategorierna komplementära, supplementära och diskursiva kombinationer. Resultaten visar att produktionen av gest-ordkombinationer följer olika mönster hos barn med högt, medel och lågt produktivt ordförråd. Mängden gest-ordkombinationer som producerades vid fyra ålderspunkter predicerade produktivt ordförråd vid 2;6, och mängden gest-ordkombinationer som producerades vid 1;6 predicerade meningskomplexitet vid 3;0. Användningen av komplementära gest-ordkombinationer vid tre ålderpunkter uppvisade ett samband med produktivt ordförråd vid 2;6. Tillägnandeåldern för supplementära gest-ordkombinationer predicerade meningskomplexitet vid 3;0, medan tillägnandeåldern för diskursiva gest-ordkombinationer predicerade produktivt ordförråd vid 2;6. Resultaten i den här studien ger stöd åt tidigare forskning, som har visat att komplementära och supplementära gest-ordkombinationer spelar en viktig roll i barns språkutveckling. Därutöver visar resultaten i den här studien att diskursiva gest-ordkombinationer också har ett samband med språkutveckling. / Modeling infant language acquisition from parent-child interaction (MINT)

Le principal enjeu de notre recherche est d’aboutir à un modèle intégratif fonctionnel pour l’analyse des verbes d’affect en français et en arabe. Nous avons choisi d’étudier quatre V_affect : deux verbes d’émotion (étonner et énerver en français et leurs équivalents [ʔadhaʃa], [ʕaɣḍaba] en arabe]) et deux verbes de sentiment (admirer et envier et leurs équivalents [ʔaʕʒaba] et [ħasada]) appartenant aux champs sémantiques de la surprise, la colère, l’admiration et la jalousie. Plus concrètement, l’analyse se situe :– au niveau sémantique et syntaxique : les dimensions sémantiques véhiculées par les collocatifs verbaux comme étonner tellement, énerver prodigieusement, en français, et [ʔaʕʒaba ʔiʕʒāban kabīran] (admirer admiration grand) , [ɣaḍaba ɣaḍabaan ʃadīdan] (énerver colère sévère), en arabe, sont systématiquement reliées à la syntaxe (les constructions grammaticales récurrentes) (Hoey, 2005).– au niveau syntaxique et discursif : les emplois actifs, passifs, et pronominaux des V_affect sont étudiés dans la perspective des dynamiques informationnelles au sein de la phrase (Van Valin et LaPolla, 1997).D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’étude s’appuie sur une démarche quantitative et qualitative de la combinatoire verbale et privilégie la démarche contrastive. Elle est fondée sur le corpus journalistique français de la base de données EmoBase (projet Emolex 100 M de mots) et du corpus journalistique ArabiCorpus (137 M de mots).La thèse contribue ainsi à l’étude des valeurs sémantiques, du comportement syntaxique et discursif de la combinatoire des V_affect, en arabe et en français, ce qui permet de mieux structurer le champ lexical des affects par rapport à ce que proposent les études existantes en lexicologie. Les principaux résultats de l’étude peuvent être appliqués en didactique des langues, en traductologie et en traitement automatisé du lexique des affects dans les deux langues comparées. / The paramount stake of this research is to achieve an integrative functional model for the analysis of affective verbs in French and Arabic. I have chosen four affective verbs: two verbs of emotion (to astonish and to rage in French and their equivalent in Arabic) and two verbs of sentiment (to admire and to envy in French and their equivalent [ʔadhaʃa], [ʔaɣḍaba] in Arabic) they belong to semantic dictions of Surprise, Anger, Admiration, and Jealousy. More concretely, the analysis is shaped:- On the semantic and syntactic level: the semantic dimensions carried by verbal collocations such as to extremely astonish, to rage prodigiously in French, and [ʔaʕʒaba ʔiʕʒāban kabīran] (admire admiration big)*, [ɣaḍaba ɣaḍabaan ʃadīdan] (to rage rage extreme), and in Arabic are systematically linked to syntax (the recurrent grammatical constructions) (Hoey 2005).- On the syntactic and discursive level: the usage of passive, active and reflexive forms of affective verbs are dealt with from the perspective of informational dynamics in the sentence. (Van Valin et LaPolla 1997).From a methodological point of view, the study is based on the quantitative and qualitative approach of the verbal combination and favours the contrastive one. It is founded on the French journalistic corpus of Emobase Database (Emolex project 100 M of words) and the journalistic corpus Arabicorpus) (137 M of words).Furthermore, the thesis participates in the studies of semantic values, the syntactic and the discursive behavior of affective verbs’combinations, in Arabic and in French, which will enable to better structure the diction of emotions in relation to what is proposed by current studies in lexicography. The main results of the study can be applied in language teaching, translation, and automated processing of emotions' lexicon in the two compared languages.

Past focus in the panel gravity literature has been on multidimensional fixed effects specifications in an effort to accommodate heterogeneity. After introducing fixed effects for each origin- destination dyad and time-period speciffic effects, we find evidence of cross-sectional dependence in flows. We propose a simultaneous dependence gravity model that allows for network dependence in flows, along with computationally efficient MCMC estimation methods that produce a Monte Carlo integration estimate of log-marginal likelihood useful for model comparison. Application of the model to a panel of trade flows points to network spillover effects, suggesting the presence of network dependence and biased estimates from conventional trade flow specifications. / Series: Working Papers in Regional Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnaldoPC_TESE.pdf: 618508 bytes, checksum: 663b9833b46bd54f5fb188e9d8f4eb03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the agroeconomic performance of the intercropping system of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars fertilized with roostertree in the semi-arid conditions of Mossoró-RN. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Àrido (UFERSA) during the period of September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2, resulting from the combination of four cowpea-vegetable cultivars of (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS and BRS Guariba Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). In each block was planted a plot of each cultivar in sole crop. All treatments were fertilized with roostertree at a dose of 50.37 t ha-1. The characteristics evaluated in the cowpea-vegetable crop were: number of green pods per area, yield of green pods and dry weight of green pods, number of green grains per pod, productivity green of grains, weight of 100 green grains and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot were evaluated: plant height, fresh and dry mass of shoots, total and commercial productivity and classified productivity of roots. The competition and agroeconomic efficiency indices of intercropping systems evaluated were: Aggressivity, competitive ratio, intercropping advantage, land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, gross income, net income, rate of return, profit margin and modified monetary advantage. The cultivar of carrot that had the best performance in the commercial production of roots was the "Brasilia", both in sole crop as in intercropped with cowpea-vegetable cultivars. In absolute terms, the cultivar of cowpea-vegetable of higher productivity was BRS Tumucumaque both single crop and intercropping system. The cultivars combination of higher agronomic/biological efficiency was the BRS Guariba with carrot Alvorada and of the greater economic efficiency was the cultivar BRS Tumucumaque with carrot Brasilia / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico da consorciação de cultivares caupi-hortaliça com cultivares de cenoura fertilizada com flor-de-seda nas condições semiárida do município de Mossoró-RN. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), durante o período de setembro de 2013 a março de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com 4 repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, resultante da combinação de quatro cultivares de caupi (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba e BRS Itaim) com duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Alvorada). Em cada bloco foi plantado uma parcela solteira de cada cultivar em estudo. Todos os tratamentos foram adubados com flor-de-seda na dosagem de 50,37 t ha-1. As características avaliadas na cultura do caupi-hortaliça foram: número de vagens verdes por área, produtividade de vagens verdes e peso seco de vagens verdes, número de grãos verdes por vagem, produtividade de grãos verdes, peso de 100 grãos verdes e peso seco de grãos verdes. Na cenoura foram determinadas: altura de plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e de raízes, produtividade total, comercial e classificada de raízes. Os índices de competição e de eficiência agroeconômica dos sistemas consorciados avaliados foram: índice de superação, taxa de competição, vantagem do consórcio, índice de uso eficiente da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva, escore da variável canônica, renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade e vantagem monetária corrigida. A cultivar de cenoura que teve melhor desempenho na produção de raízes comerciais foi a Brasília , tanto em cultivo solteiro como no consorciado com as cultivares de caupi-hortaliça. Em termos absolutos, a cultivar de caupi-hortaliça de maior produtividade foi a da BRS Tumucumaque tanto em sistema solteiro como no consorciado. A combinação de cultivares de maior eficiência agronômico/biológica foi a da BRS Guariba com cenoura Alvorada e a de maior eficiência econômica foi a da cultivar BRS Tumucumaque com cenoura Brasília

Le système de marquage personnel du kurde centrale, avec un ensemble complexe de paradigmes personnels, présente un bon nombre de problèmes. Par exemple, un enclitique personnel qui marque l’actant oblique, construit avec une préposition dans les constructions au présent, devient un affixe personnel dans les constructions au passé. Les recherches précédentes (Bynon 1979 ; Samvelian 2007 ; Haig 2008 ; Jügel 2009) ont mis en évidence les phénomènes pertinents, mais un traitement global du problème et une explication générale des motivations derrière le phénomène font encore défaut. Nous établissons le statut morphophonologique des paradigmes des personnes et nous examinons en détail le fonctionnement des marques de personnes. Nous proposons une nouvelle analyse du positionnement des enclitiques mobiles en kurde centrale en termes de phonologie prosodique (Selkirk 1995 ; Truckenbrodt 1999 ; Anderson, 2005) selon laquelle une forme de personne enclitique apparait systématiquement après la première phrase phonologique (ou mot prosodique) dans le domaine du syntagme verbal. L’alternance formelle d’un enclitique personnel et d’un affixe personnel est considéré comme le résultat des restrictions sur les combinaisons des enclitiques (Gerlach 2002). D’autres problèmes du système des marques de personnes sont expliqués grâce à un examen plus approfondi des faits de prosodie et par une série de contraintes plus générales de la langue (Prince and Smolensky 1993 ; Yip 1998) qui favorisent l’expression des actants en maintenant distincte l’identité morphologique et phonologique des marques de personnes lorsqu’elles sont en combinaison. / The person-marking system of Central Kurdish, with a complex set of person-marker paradigms, presents a number of problems, especially in the manners in which different person-marker paradigms are distributed for argument-indexing. For instance, a pronominal complement of an adposition is a person form from clitic person markers in a present-tense construction, but the formal expression of the same argument is switched to a verbal affix person marker in a past-tense construction. Previous scholarship (Bynon 1979; Samvelian 2007; Haig 2008; Jügel 2009) has pointed to the relevant phenomena and provided important descriptive facts, but, a comprehensive treatment of the problem is still lacking. In this study, morphophonological status of person marking paradigms is established and argument-indexing function of person-marker paradigms are thoroughly investigated. A novel analysis of clitic placement in Central Kurdish is proposed whereby a clitic is considered to be systematically occurring after a prosodic word. The formal switch from a clitic to a verbal affix person marker in the expression of a number of arguments is analysed as occurring for avoiding certain clitic combinations (Gerlach 2002) since the latter inevitably leads to an improperly placed clitic. A number of other problems relating to seeminlgy non-clitic-

Esta pesquisa descreve combinatórias textuais em torno de compostos nominais em língua alemã através da exploração dos corpora do banco de dados de coocorrências do Projeto Cosmas (Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System), do Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) da Universidade de Mannheim. O estudo se divide em dois momentos. O primeiro momento compreende a busca, em corpora, de compostos nominais provenientes de textos médicos e jurídicos. A partir do levantamento de segmentos coocorrentes, são priorizados os elementos verbais. Os verbos, então, são tomados como palavras de busca para o levantamento de novas composições nominais vinculadas às áreas de conhecimento escolhidas. A observação das formas verbais leva a uma categorização quanto aos modos de ação ligados aos prefixos dos verbos, permitindo relacionar padrões de combinatórias e gêneros textuais. Este estudo de doutoramento se ocupa, assim, do reconhecimento e da categorização de fraseologismos verbais, entendidos aqui como colocações formadas por compostos nominais em língua alemã e as suas respectivas formas verbais coocorrentes. Em um segundo momento deste estudo, utilizam-se os resultados da descrição e da categorização das coocorrências para o desenho e a implementação de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem de tradução, que dispõe de uma ferramenta para extração de combinatórias. O ambiente e a ferramenta oferecem consulta online gratuita para aprendizes de tradução, permitindo uso individual ou sob tutoria de um professor em sala de aula. A pesquisa acredita na construção do conhecimento a partir de uma aprendizagem autônoma, baseada em um processo de percepção de padrões de língua e de reflexão sobre a prática tradutória, tanto por parte do aprendiz quanto do professor. / This study describes word combinations that co-occur with nominal compounds in German by exploring COSMAS (Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System), a database with a large collection of corpora from the University of Manheim. Our investigation is divided into two parts. At first we identified nominal compounds in Medical and Legal texts, and among these we selected only those containing verbs. The verbs were then taken as the search words for the identification of other nominal compounds in the same knowledge areas previously selected. Based on the observation of verbal forms we built categories for the action modes associated to verb prefixes, which allowed us to make associations between word combinations and textual genre. During this first part of our research, therefore, we focused on the identification and categorization of phraseologies, composed of collocations between nominal compounds and co-occurring verbs. In the second part of the study we introduce the development of a virtual learning environment for translation students. It features a learning environment and a tool for the search of combinations, based on the categorization and descriptions made in the first part of the thesis. The learning environment and the tool will be available for online search by translation students, both for their own use and under the supervision of their tutors. We believe in the knowledge construction through an autonomous learning, based on the process of awareness of certain patterns of language and reflection about the translation practice, both by learner and tutor.

Ce doctorat porte sur l’étude de l’activité antipaludique de la cépharanthine. Deux méthodes écologiques d’extraction, utilisant des micro-ondes et ultrasons, ont été proposées. L'activité antiplasmodiale a été évaluée par le calcul de la concentration qui inhibe 50 % de la croissance parasitaire. Les cibles potentielles ont été évaluées par l’étude de la variation d’expression des gènes. Au niveau microscopique, la cépharanthine a semblé inhiber le développement parasitaire et bloquer les parasites au stade anneau. Au niveau transcriptomique, la cépharanthine semble avoir un impact sur le transport de protéines plasmodiales à la surface du globule rouge ; sur des organelles nécessaires à la survie du parasite, et sur les interactions entre le globule rouge parasité et l’endothélium ou les globules rouges sains. Des études de combinaisons thérapeutiques ont montré que la cépharanthine semble potentialiser certains antipaludiques. Une analyse quantitative de la cépharathine plasmatique a permis d’effectuer une étude pharmacocinétique. La cépharanthine pourrait être un chef de file intéressant pour le développement de nouveaux antipaludiques. / This PhD focuses on the study of the antimalarial activity of cepharanthine. Two green extraction methods, using microwave and ultrasound, have been proposed. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated by calculating the concentration inhibiting 50 % of parasite growth. Potential targets were evaluated by studying the variation of gene expression. At the microscopic level, cepharanthine seemed to inhibit the parasite growth and to block parasite at the ring stages. The transcriptomic assay showed that cepharanthine seems to have an impact on the transport of Plasmodium proteins to the red blood cell surface, on organellar functions necessary for the survival of the parasite, and on the interactions between infected red blood cells and the endothelium or healthy red blood cells. The study of combination therapies showed that cepharanthine appears to potentiate some antimalarial compounds. A quantitative analysis of cepharathine in mouse plasma allowed performing a pharmacokinetic study. Cepharanthine could be an interesting lead to the development of new antimalarial drugs.