自1994年開始推動的「社區總體營造」，可謂台灣近十年來最具朝野共識的政策方案之ㄧ。研究者在長達十餘年的實際參與執行過程中，觀察到有兩項未曾間斷且持續操作的社區營造重點工作，其一為社造人才的培育，其二為社區環境空間的改造。而這兩項工作其實就是社區總體營造在台灣推動這十年來，亟欲達成的階段性目標，也對於往後社區營造的永續發展有著關鍵性的影響。 本研究嘗試從參與主體互動關係的角度切入，探討在「社區培力」的觀點下，在民眾參與社區環境空間改造時，所產生的政府、非政府組織與社區民眾，三個參與主體所扮演的角色、定位、功能與任務，以及各參與主體在人才培育的工作中，如何在學習成長的過程中，運用培力的方式以達成有效益的成果累積。 研究者採用行動研究的方法，以苗栗縣為研究場域，並透過對於社區營造、社區培力、民眾參與、社區環境改造與國內外多個案例等的課題分析歸納，並結合苗栗縣推動社區總體營造與社區規畫師等計畫的執行過程中，探究各參與主題的互動關係變化，進而影響其各自的角色、定位、功能與任務的網絡結構，以及有效的社區培力機制。 在經過2001-2005五年間的行動研究歷程，研究者發現三個參與主體間的關係應是由最初的「上下互賴關係」，轉變為「水平互動關係」，方有可能達成「三角互補關係」的理想社區總體營造網絡結構。而在不同的階段中，三參與主體的也應動態的變換不同的角色與相對應的功能與任務，以因時、因地制宜的推動社造工作。尤其非政府組織除了必須具備有「中介、潤滑與形塑」的功能外，還要能「提升社區民眾公共參與層級」的能力。因為，民眾對於公共事務的決策能力並非由其他主體移轉而來，而是在有效的學習成長過程中，創發出來的。而透過本研究引入「契約學習」的學習方式，更確認有效的學習過程應提供「提問式的教育環境」，教學者與學習者在一定的知識基礎上，於動態的互動過程中調整所扮演的角色，進而將所習得的知識內化為生活的一部份，再透過行為外顯呈現。 本研究在苗栗縣的特定情境脈絡下，探討民眾參與社區環境改造此類與生活密切關聯，但又需要專業知識與技能的社區營造面向，如何藉由參與主體間的關係轉變與互動過程，以及學習成長的社區培力機制的運作，應可提供相關研究人員參考，並作為政府、非政府組織與社區民眾彼此互動的依據，進而共同攜手打造社區願景。 關鍵詞：社區總體營造、民眾參與、社區培力、契約學習、社區規畫師、行動研究 / Community building can be seen as one of the most common understanding policies in Taiwan since 1994. Author of this research has been participating in the practical operation for over ten years, and observing two key points. One is talent cultivation; the other one is community space transformation. These two achievements are de facto the staged goals of Taiwan community building through these years. Most importantly, they have potentially influenced the sustainable development of community building. With the angle of interaction of participants, this research tries to discuss that under the view of community empowerment, government, NGOs and community residents become the three main participants when the public takes part in the community space transformation. The roles, position, function and mission of the three participants will be examined here. Besides, for talents cultivation, how do they exert empowerment to accumulate the efficient achievement in the learning process? Action research method is used in this research. MiaoLi County is the research area. Through analyzing the subjects of community building, community empowerment, public participation, community space transformation and overseas cases, and combining the executing process of the community building and community planner plans promoted by MiaoLi County, this research is to study the interacting changes of the above subjects. Furthermore, these subjects are to influence their own roles, position, function, mission network and effective community empowerment mechanism. After five-year action research from 2001 to 2005, this research found that the relation of the above three main participants has changed from “Top-Bottom Dependent Relationship” into “Balanced interaction Relationship”, and been finally moving to “Triangle Inter-complementary Relationship ”, an ideal net structure of community building. In the different stages, the three main participants should also shift different roles, related function and mission to promote community building timely and properly. Especially, except intermediary, lubricating and molding, NGOs should have the capability to promote the level of the public community participation. For the public’s decision ability toward public affairs is not transferred from other objects, but created from the effective learning process. This research introduced “contract learning” to confirm that an adequate learning process should provide an “asking- question education environment ”. Based on certain knowledge basis, teachers and learners have to adjust their roles during interacting, internalize the new knowledge into part of their lives, and behave properly. Under some special situations in Miao-li County, this research talks about the close relation between daily life, professional knowledge and skill of community building while the public participates community environment building. It also examines how these main participants transfer their relation and interacting process, and how to learn the operation of a growing community empowerment mechanism. These related findings and conclusions could provide some positive reference for other researchers. More importantly, it is hoped that government, NGOs and communities to cooperate to accomplish a concrete community vision in accordance with this research in the future. Key words：community building, public participation, community empowerment, contract learning, community planner, action research

Es ist eine paradoxe Situation: Die durch Open Access und digitalisierte Forschung bedingte Transformation des wissenschaftsmethodischen Paradigmas erfordert ein besonders hohes Maß an Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die dem modernen Begriff von Informationskompetenz entsprechen. Gleichzeitig ist die im Wissenschaftssystem für Informationskompetenz eigens zuständige Einrichtung, die Bibliothek, immer weniger gefragt. Inhalte und didaktische Ansatzpunkte der bibliothekarischen Angebote zur Informationskompetenzvermittlung treffen offenbar nicht hinreichend die Bedürfnisse der Studierenden und NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen. Wie können also Angebote der Bibliotheken und wissenschaftliche Nachfrage wieder in Einklang gebracht werden? In diesem Kapitel skizzieren wir ein Konzept für die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz, das sich eng am (zunehmend digitalen) Forschungsprozess orientiert, exemplifizieren dieses am Beispiel von ausgewählten Bibliotheksangeboten und diskutieren die dafür notwendigen Qualifikationen. Die Überlegungen basieren auf praktischen Erfahrungen in der Erneuerung des Informationsservice an der SLUB Dresden in den Jahren 2012 bis 2014 sowie langjähriger Marktbeobachtung im Themenbereich Literaturverwaltung.

This thesis presents an ethnographic account of the everyday meanings and processes associated with the idea of ‘community’ within the London neighbourhood of Kilburn. In policy and popular discourse, community is cast both as somehow able to unite people across difference, and as under threat from the proliferation of difference, which is seen as impeding mutual understanding, cooperation and belonging. Within scholarly writing, ‘community’ is often challenged as too archaic, too rigid or too ambiguous a concept to provide sufficient analytical leverage or to work as a normative ideal. Against this background, my PhD takes a look the neighbourhood of Kilburn, where amidst significant diversity, tropes of community are still widely used. I investigate how residents imagine various forms of community in relation to diversity, as well as the connections and discontinuities between these various imaginings. I draw on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, following over a dozen community projects and groups, tracing informal local networks and getting to know residents individually. My ethnography ranges from community cafes, to religious youth groups, to urban ‘gangs’, to government-led urban regeneration projects. Despite the variation in how different individuals imagined ‘community’, there was a shared view of community as a space which facilitated the bridging of difference and the construction of shared moral projects. These spaces did not exist sui generis. Rather they were opened up through the balancing of two traits: fixity and fluidity. Fixity involved defining community in terms of a clearly identifiable and familiar set of boundary markers, which serve to give it an ‘objective’ existence. Fluidity involved suspending this attempt to define community in terms of the familiar, once people were involved, in order to allow for new, shared understandings and values to emerge. The first two chapters unpack this balancing of fixity and fluidity. Chapter 1, traces inclusion and exclusion in a range of community projects, and Chapter 2 looks at tropes of race and ethnicity, examining how such ideas might be treated as simultaneously fixed and fluid. . The two chapters unpack the transformational power of community. Chapter 3 looks at a community centre for young Muslims, as well as at a local community radio station, and argues that community spaces have the potential to foster an ethic of continual openness to difference. Chapter 4 looks at a group of ‘street youth’ and their diverse views of success, and argues that community can act as a collective repository of future potential, allowing community members to transform their ethical trajectory within their own lives. The final two chapters look at contestations over community. Chapter 5 looks at clashing uses of public spaces and argues that such spaces are often read in highly fixed ways, and as lacking the potential for community-like negotiations. Chapter 6 looks at local regeneration projects and contrasts the ways in which community is valued locally, to the ways in which it is valued by state and market actors. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the necessarily plural, dynamic, contested and grounded nature of the idea of community described here.

This research aimed to investigate the desires of the users of the Greek public Library on Gender and Equality (LGE) about a future Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) containing Web2.0 functionalities. The concepts of participation, information pluralism and community building in relation with Web 2.0 tools in libraries’ catalogues were introduced under the theoretical approach provided by Social Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas. Aqualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with users of the LGE wasconducted and the collected data that were analysed with the thematic analysis method,revealed positive users’ impressions regarding the introduction of Web 2.0 tools in theLGE’s OPAC. The research also disclosed users’ desires and suggestions regarding specific Web 2.0 features and their common motivation to participate and contribute to be the opportunity of communicating with like-minded people.

Es ist eine paradoxe Situation: Die durch Open Access und digitalisierte Forschung bedingte Transformation des wissenschaftsmethodischen Paradigmas erfordert ein besonders hohes Maß an Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, die dem modernen Begriff von Informationskompetenz entsprechen. Gleichzeitig ist die im Wissenschaftssystem für Informationskompetenz eigens zuständige Einrichtung, die Bibliothek, immer weniger gefragt. Inhalte und didaktische Ansatzpunkte der bibliothekarischen Angebote zur Informationskompetenzvermittlung treffen offenbar nicht hinreichend die Bedürfnisse der Studierenden und NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen. Wie können also Angebote der Bibliotheken und wissenschaftliche Nachfrage wieder in Einklang gebracht werden? In diesem Kapitel skizzieren wir ein Konzept für die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz, das sich eng am (zunehmend digitalen) Forschungsprozess orientiert, exemplifizieren dieses am Beispiel von ausgewählten Bibliotheksangeboten und diskutieren die dafür notwendigen Qualifikationen. Die Überlegungen basieren auf praktischen Erfahrungen in der Erneuerung des Informationsservice an der SLUB Dresden in den Jahren 2012 bis 2014 sowie langjähriger Marktbeobachtung im Themenbereich Literaturverwaltung.:Integriertes, am digitalen Forschungsprozess ausgerichtetes Beratungsangebot auf Augenhöhe Merkmal 1: Ausrichtung am Forschungsprozess Merkmal 2: Vermittlung von aktuellem Methodenwissen Merkmal 3: Austausch auf Augenhöhe Merkmal 4: Integration des Dienstleistungspakets in den Campus Exemplarische Anwendung des Konzepts Aufwertung der persönlichen Beratung Moderne Bibliotheksservices am Beispiel von Literaturverwaltung Fachreferatsarbeit im Sinne des Blended Librarian Fortbildung: Benötigte Qualifikationen für die Bewältigung der neuen Aufgaben Ausblick: Alte Werte neu interpretieren Literaturverzeichnis Metadaten

Sweden should be internationally leading in taking advantage of the opportunities offered by digitalization. Though several industries report successes, the community-building sector is far behind. The Swedish government has initiated several assignments to enable and push the digitalization of the community-building process forward. The process that has been analogous, time-consuming, fragmented and resulted in a loss of valuable information, shall become digital, uniform, and cohesive, as well as facilitate decision-making, collaboration, information- and knowledge flows. This thesis has been limited to studying the planning and building permit process, a central part of the community-building process, from an innovation ecosystem perspective. The purpose has been to understand how actors collaborate to realize the goal of a digital community-building process. It includes understanding also how actors work and relate to digitalization internally in their organization, how they interact with others, what roles they take, as well as what values, challenges, and success factors they identify. Literature- and document studies have been completed to understand innovation ecosystems, digitalization in the sector and how the innovation ecosystem perspective can be used to understand the digitization of the planning and building permit process. Interviews have been held with eight different actors who in various ways are significant for the digitization of the process. The result clarifies that the actors have reached different digital maturity. While some have taken on a leadership role, are innovative and explore opportunities, others are waiting to see which direction the sector takes and are open to adapting to the results of other actors' exploring and innovations. Moreover, the history of a long collaboration has served as a foundation for the actors' work with digitalization and proved crucial for achieving the goal of a cohesive digital process. The results have also clarified that actors have different knowledge and specializations that consequently established dependence on other actors and affect each actor's capacity for action. Furthermore, several identified challenges of legal, economic, and political character, need to be solved for the process to be digitized. Challenges also relate to some of the digital technology that is implemented neither meets legal requirements nor the requirements of the actors. Simultaneously digitalization requires new working methods and new knowledge among employees. The central identified values are efficiency, and the increased collective understanding and knowledge visual models enable. It can also result in higher quality and consensus on decisions and detailed plans, as well as new opportunities for evaluation, analysis, and optimization, and hopefully enable more sustainable development. / Sverige ska vara bäst i världen på att tillvarata digitaliseringens möjligheter, men trots att flera branscher redovisar framgångar ligger samhällsbyggandssektorn långt efter. För att pådriva och möjliggöra en digitalisering av samhällsbyggnadsprocessen har regeringen initierat en rad uppdrag. Processen som varit analog, tidskrävande, fragmenterad och resulterat i att värdefull information går förlorad, ska bli digital, enhetlig, sammanhållen och underlätta beslutsfattande, samverkan, informations- och kunskapsflöden. Uppsatsen har avgränsats till att studera digitaliseringen av skedena plan- och bygglovsprocessen från ett innovationsekosystemperspektiv. Syftet har varit att förstå hur aktörer samverkar för att realisera målbilden om en digital samhällsbyggnadsprocess. Det har även inneburit att förstå hur aktörerna arbetar och förhåller dig till digitalisering internt, vilka roller de tar, hur de samverkar och vad för värden, utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer de identifierar. Litteratur- och dokumentstudier har genomförts för att skapa en förståelse för innovationsekosystem, digitalisering inom sektorn samt för hur innovationsekosystemperspektivet kan användas för att förstå digitaliseringen av plan- och bygglovsprocessen. Intervjuer har hållits med åtta olika aktörer som på olika sätt är betydande för digitaliseringen av processen. Resultatet har tydliggjort att aktörerna arbetar med digitalisering på olika sätt. Medan vissa tagit på sig en ledartröja, är innovativa och utforskar möjligheter, är andra mer inväntande för att se vilken riktning sektorn tar och är öppna för att anpassa sig till resultaten av andra aktörers utforskande. Den samverkan som länge funnits etablerat har lagt en grund för digitaliseringsarbetet och visat sig vara avgörande för att målbilden om en digital sammanhållen process ska kunna uppnås. Resultatet har även visat att aktörer har olika specialiseringar som skapat ett beroende till andra aktörers kompetenser och utrymme för agerande. Det finns flera identifierade utmaningar som behöver lösas för att processen ska gå att digitalisera. De är av såväl juridisk, ekonomisk och politisk karaktär. Det handlar även om att den digitala teknik som finns inte uppfyller aktörernas krav. Digitaliseringen innebär även nya arbetsmetoder och att anställda behöver nya kunskaper. De främsta identifierade värdena är effektivisering och att man genom visuella modeller får en ökad kollektiv förståelse och kunskap. Det kan även resultera i högre kvalitet och samsyn på beslut och detaljplaner, samt helt nya möjligheter för utvärdering, analys och optimering vilket förhoppningsvis kan möjliggöra en hållbarare utveckling.

Landscape architects, many of whom practice the design principles of the New Urbanism, have become increasingly involved with the participatory planning process. A key principle of New Urbanism, the participatory planning process is incorporated in an attempt to ensure that any new development - or alteration of an existing development - meets the needs of the community for which the design is created. This study examines data gathered from a web-based survey addressing the alternate, stakeholderess charrette approach. It was distributed to participants of charrettes facilitated by the Mississippi Main Street Association and is an attempt to understand the perceptions of those actively involved in the process. The purpose of this study was to examine this alternate approach to charrette facilitation and identify trends associated within. The analysis of stakeholder perceptions may prove beneficial in identifying trends that threaten charrette efficiency while highlighting trends worthy of replication in future charrettes.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.