Orientador: Miriam Viviana Garate / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:55:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grotto_Livia_D.pdf: 6689770 bytes, checksum: 731fffd3a8d39693d505e29d308aa587 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho de doutorado sobre os livros História universal da infâmia de Jorge Luis Borges e Doña Juana la Loca, Superhistoria de Ramon Gomez de la Serna divide-se em duas partes. A primeira, "Borges e Ramon nas revistas literarias espanholas e argentinas, 1919- 1949", contextualiza a relacao desses dois escritores, sobretudo atraves dos periodicos com os quais colaboraram de 1919 a 1949. A segunda parte compreende tres capitulos, destinados a comparar os livros História universal e Doña Juana. O primeiro deles, "Os percursos da voz, um escritor inexperiente e um super-escritor", parte dos prologos desses livros para abordar a construcao da voz dos narradores, observando as suas implicacoes na imagem dos autores implicitos. "Palavras e disparates, sobre as criaturas infames e super-historicas", segundo capitulo, considera os autores implicitos na sua relacao com os personagens de ficcao. O terceiro capitulo, "A epistemologia de Historia universal e a Superhistoria, ciencia literaria", busca aprofundar os sentidos de "Historia universal" e de "Super-historia" que aparecem nos titulos dos livros, a partir de um corte sincronico que esboca as discussoes criticas e epistemologicas que envolveram o campo da Historia no inicio do seculo XX. O ultimo texto deste trabalho intitula-se "Emblemas do cristal em Borges e Ramon". A maneira de um epilogo, retraca o projeto inicial deste estudo, baseado na conferencia-ensaio de Italo Calvino, "Exatidao" (Seis propostas para o próximo milênio) / Abstract: This doctoral thesis on Jorge Luis Borges' A Universal History of Infamy and Ramon Gomez de la Serna's Doña Juana la Loca, Superhistoria is divided into two parts. The first one entitled "Borges and Ramon in the literary Spanish and Argentine magazines, 1919-1949" discusses in its proper context the relationship between these two authors, especially through the periodical magazines where both collaborated from 1919 to 1949. The second part includes three chapters that compare the books A Universal History and Doña Juana. The first one, "The distances of the voice, an inexpert writer and a superwriter ", departs from the prologues of both books in order to approach the construction of the narrator's voice, observing their implications in the image of implicit authors. "Words and follies, on the infamous and super historical creatures" considers both implicit writers in their relation with fictional characters. The third chapter entitled "The epistemology of Universal History and the Superhistory, literary science" aims to deepen the sense of "Universal History" and "Superhistory" present in the titles of the books, from a synchronous cut that outlines critical and epistemological discussions that involved the field of History in the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, the epilogue of this work, "Emblems of the crystal in Borges and Ramon", returns to the initial goal of this thesis, based on Italo Calvino's conference called "Exactitude" (Six Memos for the Next Millennium) / Doutorado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Doutora em Teoria e História Literária

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-27T18:10:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Marleide versão final.pdf: 1973754 bytes, checksum: 42b7d9d0b9b9cfbc162e27707889b8be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-27T18:11:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Marleide versão final.pdf: 1973754 bytes, checksum: 42b7d9d0b9b9cfbc162e27707889b8be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T18:11:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Marleide versão final.pdf: 1973754 bytes, checksum: 42b7d9d0b9b9cfbc162e27707889b8be (MD5) / Análise da dinâmica cinematográfica presente na escrita de Manuel Gusmão – poeta e ensaísta literário português –, e de seu trabalho com a sonoridade, com os movimentos, com o jogo de luzes e sombras a co-mover a materialidade verbo-visual dos poemas. Nesse sentido, desenvolvem-se reflexões acerca de uma teorização da imagem e de uma ética do olhar oriundas dos próprios procedimentos imagéticos que se estabelecem no lirismo crítico do referido poeta, no âmbito da poesia portuguesa contemporânea. Com sua escrita em movimento, ele nos dá a ver seu cinepoiesis, em que se vale da lentidão, da frenagem rítmica e de uma memória afetiva, a fim de problematizar a visualidade excessiva e indiscernível, o imediatismo, a velocidade e a anestesia que, cada vez mais, caracterizam as experiências cotidianas na sociedade ocidental globalizada. Articulando o poder sensível e cognoscível da poesia, objetiva-se também ressaltar sua poética de afetos, lugar dialógico de encontros e desencontros, de uma constelação espaciotemporal de vozes a propor uma antropogênese e a reiterar a cinética constante das palavras, das imagens e do mundo. / This work aims at the analysis of the cinematographic dynamic of Manuel Gusmão‟s writing – Portuguese poet and literary essay writer – and his work with sonority, movements, the game of lights and shadows as a co-mmove of the verbal-visual materiality of the poems. In this sense, reflections are developed about the theorization of image and the ethics of the act of looking upcoming from the imagetic procedures themselves, which are established in the critic lyricism of the mentioned poet, in the scope of the Portuguese contemporary poetry. With his moving writing, he makes us see his cinepoiesis, achieved by means of slowness, the rhythmic restraint and affective memory, in order to problematize the excessive and indiscernible visuality, as well as the immediatism, the speed and the anaesthesia which, more and more characterize the daily experiences in the western globalized society. Articulating the sensitive and cognizable power of poetry, we also aim at highlighting his poetics of affections, dialogical place of crossroads, of a space-temporal constellation of voices proposing an anthropogenesis to reiterate the constant kinetic of words, images and the world.

Cette recherche a pour objet l'étude de la contribution des disciplines à l'évolution des collégiens dans leur maîtrise de la langue française. La position de la France dans les évaluations PISA et les nouvelles préoccupations de l'Union Européenne en matière d'égalité des chances amènent notre système scolaire à reconsidérer la place du langage dans les enseignements. Par ailleurs, l'omniprésence du terme « langage » dans la nouvelle version du socle et la place que lui accordent les nouveaux programmes du collège depuis la rentrée 2016, confirment cette tendance. Mais tous les élèves ne développent pas les mêmes capacités ni le même rythme d’apprentissage : certains rencontrent des difficultés scolaires, d'autres, des difficultés linguistiques. Qu'entend-t-on par « maîtrise de la langue » au collège ? Quelle est la nature des obstacles rencontrés par certains collégiens ? La relation didactique qui s'établit entre élèves et enseignants dans le cadre d'activités langagières visant la maîtrise de la langue est-elle strictement spécifique à une discipline et un type de classe ou bien tisse-t-elle des formes d'ordre générique qui relèveraient du didactique ordinaire ? Nous avons analysé et comparé les interactions verbales d'un corpus de dix sept séances afin d'observer les difficultés des élèves, en situation de classe. Nous pensons que l'enseignement de la maîtrise de la langue française exige de l'élève une compréhension, à la fois, de la langue de scolarisation et du langage des disciplines. Nous pensons, par ailleurs, que l'élève doit être considéré de manière spécifique et non générique de manière à ce que les pistes proposées soient adaptées à tous. / This research deals with the way learning different school subjects is likely to help middle-school students with their proficiency in the French language. The place of France in PISA rankings and the new concerns of the European Union regarding equal opportunities have lead our school system to reconsider the position of language in the learning process. The numerous occurrences of the word “language” in the newest set of common core skills defined by the French Ministry of Education, along with its prominence in the new middle school curriculum, show how deep that concern is at the present time.But all students do not display equivalent skills, nor an ability to learn at the same pace – some of them will face difficulties, others will deal with language-related problems.What is meant by “Language proficiency” at a middle school level? What type of hurdles will be met by students in their middle school years? Is the educational relationship established between teachers and students in language activities aimed at improving language proficiency strictly relevant for a specific type of subject and school level, or does it induce generic forms common to every educational approach?We analysed and compared verbal interactions in a study pool of seventeen classroom sessions in order to examine the difficulties met by the students. We argue that teaching French language proficiency requires the students to understand both a schooling language and a subject language. We also argue that students must be considered in a specific, non-generic manner, so that the results of our research may be adapted to each and every one of them.

Partindo-se das relações entre o Brasil e a França no século XIX e da grande importância de Castro Alves e Victor Hugo para a literatura daquele e deste país, respectivamente, o presente trabalho procurou investigar a natureza da presença hugoana em textos selecionados da obra alvesiana. Inicialmente, examinamos minuciosamente os poemas selecionados, com o fito de evidenciar o motivo pelo qual o poeta brasileiro teria se apropriado do referente hugoano. Num segundo momento, realizou-se, quando oportuno, um cotejo entre os poemas alvesianos e os hugoanos evocados com o objetivo de desnudar a função específica desses referentes em cada texto. O cerne da nossa investigação está na seguinte indagação: Teria Castro Alves se deixado influenciar pelo mago da poesia francesa, ou o vate brasileiro teria utilizado o texto hugoano a serviço do seu discurso? Partindo disso, buscamos analisar os processos de assimilação do poeta brasileiro, mirando revelar o sentido das apropriações realizadas. A análise baseou-se na teoria da intertextualidade, o que poderá enriquecer os estudos de literatura comparada, na medida em que contribui para a ampliação do leque de informações acerca do sentido que a presença hugoana conferiu à obra de Castro Alves. / Considering the relationship between Brazil and France of the nineteenth century, as well as, the great importance of Castro Alves and Victor Hugo to the literature of both countries, the present work aimed to investigate the presence of Victor Hugo in the poems by Castro Alves. Firstly, we have carefully analyzed the selected poems in order to identify the reason why the Brazilian poet had used a Victor Hugo reference. Secondly, we have developed a comparison between the poems from Castro Alves and Victor Hugo so as to clarify the specific function of these references in each text. The main object of investigation relied on the following question: Was Castro Alves influenced by the wizard of the French poetry or had he used Hugos text for his own convenience? In order to find an answer for that question, we have analyzed the processes of assimilation of the Brazilian poet, revealing the meaning of Alves style. The analysis was based on the intertextuality theory and was a great contribution to the studies in compared literature, in the sense that it has widen the range of information about the meaning of Victor Hugo in the work of Castro Alves.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / When faced with a failing or failed root treatment, the dentist must decide whether the tooth can be retreated and saved or extracted. The dentist's decision to retreat is often based on the x-ray presenting a failing root treatment. The dentist must be aware that there might be a number of factors that have contributed to the failure and which may preclude, following retreatment, a successful long term clinical function. The current study has been made to determine those factors that may influence the prognosis in order to assist the clinician in advising the patient of the best course of treatment. A literature review was made to determine and identify these factors and explain their relevance and influence on the healing process. The current study included identifying the factors described in the literature review and noting their influence on the prognosis following non-surgical retreatment. Retreatment of failed root treated teeth requires special knowledge and skill from the clinician in order to correct and manage the case. The current study was made in a clinical setting and compared results of retreatment with two types of rotary files on the market: progressive or variable taper (Pro Taper) with constant non-ISO 06 taper (K3). Clinical signs and symptoms were noted at the patient's presentation and following recalls at 1, 4 months and 1 year. The results were recorded and statistically analysed and the results were discussed. The results showed that out of 81 patients 10cases of retreatment were considered to have failed and 68 cases were considered to have been successful. Three patients did not return for their assessments and were therefore not considered in further results. There was a statistically significant (p<0.1 0) recording of deep periodontal pockets associated with teeth with failing root treatments (40%) and (13%) in the "Success" group. The two estimated proportions of "Sinus" present (60%) in the "Failure" group and 10% in the 'Success' group were significantly different (p<0.01). "Sinus present" in the "Success group" means in the initial clinical assessment before retreatment was initiated. The presence of a sinus at the One Year follow up signified a failure of the root retreatment (p<0.001). The two estimated proportions of "Occlusion" present (80% and 99%) in the "Failure" and "Success" group were significantly different (p<0.05). Therefore, teeth in "occlusion" were more within the "Success" group. 70% of those teeth that failed had pretreatment apical rarefactions of greater than 6mm diameter; whereas 76.5% of successful retreatments had areas less than 6mm diameter. The differences were significant according to Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.01). 44% of failed cases had areas of rarefaction described as "diffuse"; and 56% of failed cases had areas that were described as "well-defined". 95% of cases that were successful had areas described as "diffuse" and the rest were "welldefined". The differences between the success and failure categories were statistically significant (p<0.0 1). The two estimated proportions of "Post present" (0% and 31%) in the "Failure" and "Success" groups were significantly different (p<0.1 0). Therefore, the "Post was present" in many more cases within the "Success" group than in the "Failure" group. There was no difference between the Median "Crown/Root" ratios of the "Failure" (Median = 0.595) or "Success" groups (Median = 0.662) (Wilcoxon Test, p>O.10). Teeth with longer roots tend to lead to failure, however there was a considerable overlap between the distributions. Therefore the finding is that the Median length of the roots of the "Failures" is longer than that of the "Successes". (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value = 0.0628). The results also indicated that previous short root filling preparation contributes to the final success of retreatment (Fisher Exact Test, p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the distribution of the "Failure" and "Success" (88.2%) groups (Fisher Exact Test, p<O.OI) in those cases with initial short obturated fillings. When comparing the outcome following the use of the two types of rotary files it was found that the "Successes" with K3 File (35 out of 41) was 85%; and with Protaper File (32 out of 36) 89%. The "Success" rate certainly was not different between the two file types. The conclusions drawn from the current study was not significantly different from those in the literature review and the overall results were of a similar nature with some minor changes. However it is clear that non-surgical root retreatment offers a good prognosis and should be included as an option for failed or failing root treatment.

[pt] A invenção do fotolivro de literatura pode sugerir, enganosamente, que nosso principal interesse aqui é histórico-documental – uma tese sobre o surgimento desse fenômeno que é híbrido, expandido, intermidiático. Não é o caso. Há aqui, uma ambição teórica: prover um cenário para sua observação e, a partir daí, estabelecer um padrão disciplinado de atividade capaz de colocá-lo em perspectiva histórica . Como estão relacionados poesia (ou prosa) e fotografia em fotolivros de literatura? Nós exploramos a ideia de que sistemas (ou processos) verbais e fotográficos combinam-se numa forma de interação que não é apenas bidirecional, mas que envolve influências modulatórias que conectam palavra e imagem, para um leitor ou intérprete, situado historicamente. Como caracterizar, ou definir, este processo? Sobre esse tópico, ainda há pouca publicação, embora o tema comece, recentemente, a exibir muitos resultados. Na ausência de uma literatura crítica consolidada sobre fenômenos literários híbridos, ou expandidos, envolvendo fotografia, parece-nos uma boa ideia situar o fotolivro de literatura em áreas já existentes: Estudos de Intermidialidade e Semiótica. Dedicamos alguma atenção aos modelos, teorias e terminologias, disponíveis nestas áreas, para explicar o fenômeno observado - relação entre texto verbal (poesia ou prosa) e fotografia. Este é o núcleo desta pesquisa. A tese está dividida em três partes: (i) definição, caracterização e relevância do fenômeno fotolivro de literatura; (ii) terminologias e modelos utilizados para descrever as relações entre poesia, ou prosa, e fotografia; (iii) análise das complexas relações palavra-imagem em fotolivros de literatura produzidos no Brasil no século XX: Os Sertões (1902), com texto de Euclides da Cunha e fotografias de Flávio de Barros; A Pintura em Pânico (1943), com texto e fotomontagens de Jorge de Lima; Quarenta Clics em Curitiba (1976), com texto de Paulo Leminski e fotografias de Jack Pires; Sertões: Luz e Trevas (1982), com fotografias de Maureen Bisilliat e fragmentos de Os Sertões, de Euclides da Cunha. / [en] The invention of the literary photobooks may misleadingly suggest that our main interest here is historical-documentary, a thesis on the emergence of this phenomenon, which is hybrid, expanded, intermedial. It s not the case. Here, there is a theoretical ambition: to provide a setting for its observation and, from there, to establish a disciplined pattern of activity capable of placing it in a historical perspective . How are poetry (or prose) and photography related in literary photobooks? We explore the idea that verbal and photographic systems (or processes) combine into a form of interaction that is not only bidirectional, but involves modulatory influences that connect word and image, for a historically situated reader. How can we characterize, or define, this process? On this topic, there are few publications, although it has recently started to show quite robust results. In the absence of a consolidated critical literature on hybrid literary phenomena involving photography, it seems to us a good idea to situate the literary photobooks in existing areas: Intermedial Studies and Semiotics. We devote a close attention to the study of models, theories and terminologies, available in these areas, to explain the phenomenon observed – the relationship between verbal text (poetry and/or prose) and photography, in photobooks. This is the core of this work. This thesis is divided into three parts: (i) definition, characterization and relevance of the literary photobooks phenomenon; (ii) terminologies, theories and models – used to describe and analyze the relationships between poetry/prose and photography, in the observed phenomenon; (iii) analysis of word-image complex relationship in literary photobooks produced in Brazil in the 20th century. Among those selected are: Os Sertões (1902), text by Euclides da Cunha and photographs by Flávio de Barros; Pintura em Pânico (1943), text and photomontages by Jorge de Lima; Quarenta clics em Curitiba (1976), text by Paulo Leminski and photographs by Jack Pires; Sertões: Luz and Trevas (1982), photographs by Maureen Bisilliat and fragments of Os Sertões, by Euclides da Cunha.

Visual integration of the building interior and exterior is one of the charms of today's architecture. The Double-Skin facade system is a technology that can reduce the drawbacks of using glass in a building's elevation. In fact, the double-skin façade (DSF) offers transparency while reducing energy consumption when compared to single-skin systems in cold and moderate weather conditions. However, there is no clear evidence of how the system will perform in hot climate conditions. In this research, a testing procedure was established to experimentally evaluate the performance of the double-skin façade system, data was collected to create multiple regression models, and then evaluate the double-skin façade's performance and compare it to a single-skin system in hot arid climate conditions. / Doctor of Philosophy / Improving the quality of indoor environments is a main goal in today’s architecture. Towards this goal, the use of glass and curtain walls is common in office buildings. The building façade is a key factor for the amount of energy consumed to reach comfort levels in the building. That is, because facades influence lighting, glare, heat gain, noise safety and energy usage. Therefore, the use of glass improves transparency which can interfere with comfort levels inside the building due to solar heat gain. The Double Skin façade system is widely adopted in Europe and has been shown to reduce energy used for heating in cold weather. In winter, heat losses can be reduced as the system’s intermediate cavity acts as a thermal buffer. However, there is no clear understanding of how the system will perform in hot arid climate conditions where cooling is the dominant operating mode. A Double Skin Façade can provide shading during the overheating period, while having the desired glass elevations sought by designers. This is due to ventilation and solar control devices located inside the system’s cavity. Being placed between the interior and the exterior glass panels, solar control devices are protected from the weather, which in return decreases its size. Furthermore, the additional glass panel allows windows in the system’s inner layer to be opened for natural ventilation. Unfortunately, the performance of the Double Skin Façade system for hot arid climate is not well documented. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to compare the thermal and light performance of the Double Skin Façade system to a single façade system for hot weather conditions.

Ce travail tente d’établir, à partir de la pensée et de la vision que développe Edouard Glissant dans ses essais, une nouvelle approche, ou du moins une approche différente de la littérature comparée. Cette approche a pour fondement les concepts clés tels que le chaos-monde, le tout-monde, la créolisation et l’opacité. La relation surgit de ce que Glissant nomme le chaos-monde, cette rencontre, ce choc de cultures toujours à l’oeuvre dans notre monde. Cette confrontation, ce contact avec l’autre ne peut que produire de la relation. Nous vivons depuis toujours, et aujourd’hui bien plus que jamais, dans un espace pluriel caractérisé par la participation-confrontation, selon des modes variés, hétérogènes, voire conflictuels, de multiples cultures; quand bien même nous n’aurions jamais vu ces autres peuples, le fait d’avoir connaissance de leur existence contraint toujours déjà et nécessairement à l’instauration d’une relation. Cette relation, qui, chez Glissant, est avant tout à l’oeuvre dans le monde des hommes, comporte tous les éléments d’une approche comparatiste en littérature : mettre en relation des ouvrages différents mais néanmoins équivalents, analyser un ouvrage en gardant à l’esprit la multiplicité d’oeuvres existantes, comparer tout en respectant les différences propres à chaque oeuvre, telle est, semble-t-il, la tâche du comparatiste. Il s’agit, à partir du chaos-monde perçu comme confrontation de tous les ouvrages de notre corpus, de révéler une relation au sens glissantien du terme. Les termes de déclinaisons, inclinations et déclins nous engagent dans la description des trajets de lectures en montrant autant les capacités que les limites de cette approche. / Building on the theory developed by Edouard Glissant in his essays, this work attempts to draw up a different approach for the analysis of compared literature. This method is based on the key concepts developed by Glissant. All relationships are the offsprings of what Glissant calls the chaos-world, which is this encounter, this clash of cultures constantly at work in our world. This confrontation with the other cannot but give rise to relationship. Since time immemorial, we’ve been living and today we, more than ever, live in a plural setting, the defining characteristic of which is the cooperation and confrontation of multiple cultures on varied, heterogeneous and even conflictual modes; even if we have not seen these people who are so different and come into direct contact with their cultures as such, the very fact that we know of their existence always compels us to start some kind of relationship. In the works of Glissant, this relationship, which is at work in the world of human beings, comprises all the required elements for a comparative approach in the field of literature. Indeed, it would seem that the task of the comparatist consists in bringing together different but comparable works, in analyzing a piece of work while having in mind the multiplicity of works existing at the same time, and in comparing everything whilst respecting the differences exclusive to each work. Starting from the chaos-world perceived as a confrontation between all the works of our corpus, the whole point for us is to lay bare a relationship the way Glissant understands it. The concepts of declension, inclination and decline commit us to a description of reading journeys during which we show the scope as well as the limitations of this approach.

Water is an essential but vulnerable resource. A shortage of good quality drinking water is a threat to human health and society as a whole. Abundance of water in the form of floods can also be a serious threat which can have consequences for the drinking water supply. To reduce these risks there is a need for systematic risk reduction. In the last decades a risk management approach has been developed in the management of both flood and drinking water risks. This means that a reactive, ad hoc management is being replaced by a more proactive and systematic approach where risks are analysed and evaluated as a basis for prioritising counter-measures. The complex nature of water issues has also made it evident that there is a need for a holistic view of the management, involving a variety of actors and sectors. An integrated management approach to floods and water resources has emerged. This thesis aims to examine how local level risk management, especially risk assessments, of floods and drinking water supply have been or can be performed in practice in Sweden. The existing practices have been characterised in relation to current risk management frameworks. Furthermore, the thesis aims to investigate how the effects of flood on drinking water supply have been considered in risk assessment methods and in flood risk management plans, as well as whether flood and drinking water risks have been considered in an integrated manner. The studies are based on interviews with flood risk managers in Swedish municipalities and Swedish water producers as well as on document studies of risk assessment methods and flood risk management plans. There are large variations between different municipalities and water producers in how, and to what extent, risk assessments have been performed. Some have performed very little, if any, risk assessment while others have worked systematically. The tools used are often those that are promoted by national agencies and are often less advanced than those described in the literature. The risk assessments do not always cover all relevant aspects of the risk and few actors have discussed an acceptable risk level. Flood risk assessments focus mostly on the exposure of objects to flood and investigate the consequences of such an exposure only to a limited extent. The incomplete risk assessments may result in a biased view of the risk which in turn can lead to poor decision-making. The theoretical knowledge about risk management is in many cases low and there is still often a practical approach. Strategic and holistic approaches are mostly lacking. The consequences of flood on drinking water supply are not known in detail and are not considered in detail in risk assessments commonly used in Sweden. There is an awareness of the need to coordinate the management of flood and water resources. However, despite the good intentions regarding integration, there are few signs in the risk assessments and risk management plans that integration is actually occurring. Both the risk management approach and integrated management have started to be implemented in Swedish flood and drinking water risk management. It is however on a basic level and it is still a long way to go. Further guidance and knowledge about risk management as well as commitment from and collaboration among all actors concerned is needed to make this development possible. / Vatten är en livsnödvändig men sårbar resurs. Brist på dricksvatten av god kvalitet är ett allvarligt hot mot människors hälsa och för hela samhället. Även överflöd av vatten i form av översvämningar kan vara ett allvarligt hot och kan bland annat får konsekvenser för dricksvattenförsörjningen. För att minska dessa risker finns det behov av systematiskt riskreducerande arbete. De senaste decennierna har systematisk riskhantering (risk management approach) utvecklats inom hanteringen av översvämningar och dricksvattenförsörjning. Detta innebär att en reaktiv och osystematisk hantering ersätts med en mer proaktiv och systematisk hantering baserad på analys och utvärdering av risker som stöd för beslutsfattande. Den komplexitet som vattenfrågor omfattar har också gjort det tydligt att det finns behov av en helhetsyn på hur vatten hanteras och att ett flertal aktörer och sektorer behöver involveras. Teorier om integrerad hantering (integrated management) har vuxit fram och börjat implementeras. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur riskhantering, särskilt riskbedömningar, på lokal nivå utförs eller kan utföras i praktiken i Sverige. Praktiken har beskrivits och karakteriserats i förhållande till befintliga ramverk om riskhantering. Dessutom är syftet att undersöka hur konsekvenser av översvämningar på dricksvattenförsörjningen behandlas i metoder för riskbedömning och riskhanteringsplaner för översvämning liksom att studera om risker relaterade till översvämningar och dricksvatten har behandlats på ett integrerat sätt. Studierna är baserad på intervjuer med översvämningshanterare i svenska kommuner och svenska vattenproducenter samt dokumentstudier av metoder för riskbedömning och riskhanteringsplaner för översvämning. Det är stora skillnader mellan hur och i vilken omfattning olika kommuner och vattenproducenter har gjort riskbedömningar. Vissa har knappt gjort någon riskbedömning alls medan andra har arbetat mer systematiskt. De verktyg som används är ofta de som finns i handböcker från svenska myndigheter och är ofta mindre avancerade än vad som beskrivs i litteraturen. Riskbedömningarna täcker inte alltid all relevanta aspekter av risken och det är få som har diskuterat vad som är en acceptabel risknivå. Översvämningsbedömningarna har fokuserat på vilka objekt som exponeras vid en översvämning och möjliga konsekvenser på drabbade objekt har undersökts i mycket begränsad utsträckning. Ofullständiga riskbedömningar kan ge en felaktig bild av risken och därmed vara ett inkomplett underlag för beslutsfattande. Den teoretiska kunskapen om riskhantering är i många fall låg och många har en praktisk inställning till riskhanteringen. Det saknas oftast strategi och helhetstänkande. Kunskapen om konsekvenser av översvämning på dricksvattenförsörjningen är begränsad och behandlas inte heller i detalj i de metoder för riskbedömning som är mest vanligt förekommande i Sverige. Det finns en medvetenhet om behovet av att koordinera hanteringen av översvämning och vattenresurser. Trots de goda intentionerna om integrering visar riskbedömningar och riskhanteringsplaner få tecken på att integrering sker i praktiken. Både systematisk riskhantering och integrerad hantering är synsätt som har börjat utvecklas och implementeras inom svensk hantering av översvämningar och dricksvattenförsörjning. Det sker dock fortfarande på en relativt grundläggande nivå och det är en lång väg kvar. Det finns behov av ytterligare vägledning och mer kunskap om riskhantering liksom engagemang från och samarbete mellan alla berörda aktörer för att stödja vidare utveckling.

O mito de Orfeu assinalou a produção literária de autores clássicos, marcando presença também em obras modernas e contemporâneas. Na literatura brasileira, a obra Orfeu da Conceição, texto dramático de Vinícius de Moraes, buscou promover o diálogo entre a mitologia grega clássica e as raízes culturais brasileiras através da incorporação de elementos órficos. Publicada em 1956, com o subtítulo Tragédia Carioca, alcançou sucesso significativo no âmbito literário e cinematográfico. Destacou-se pelas adaptações e referências ao mito original no interior de sua trama, que transcorre nos morros do Rio de Janeiro entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960. Pasquale Aniel Jannini, pesquisador e acadêmico italiano, publicou em 1961 a tradução de Orfeu da Conceição em língua italiana, sob o título Orfeo Negro. Através do cotejo entre original e tradução, constituiu-se um corpus de termos e expressões que evidenciam marcas culturais entre os textos. Após essa etapa, estes dados foram submetidos à classificação e análise através do modelo Modalidades de Tradução, de Francis Henrik Aubert (1998). Esse modelo consiste em uma metodologia de pesquisa tradutológica derivada de conceitos elaborados por Vinay e Darbelnet acerca de procedimentos técnicos da tradução. Um dos principais diferenciais do modelo em questão liga-se à possibilidade de análise quantitativa e tipológica dos elementos destacados na tradução. A metodologia selecionada para a observação de Orfeu da Conceição e Orfeo Negro considera, ainda, a tradução como um ato de comunicação que ocorre entre indivíduos e entre grupos sociais, assumindo sua função frente a culturas, ideologias e diferentes pontos de vista. A proposta de estudo destes marcadores culturais levantados pretende analisar aproximações e afastamentos entre Orfeu da Conceição e Orfeo Negro, assim como refletir acerca de peculiaridades e traços interculturais expressos entre os textos. Aplicando-se metodologia de Aubert (1998) aos marcadores culturais identificados, verificou-se uma maior incidência da modalidade modulação, o que evidencia uma tradução predominantemente domesticadora, de acordo com os conceitos de Venuti (1999). Verificou-se também uma incidência significativa de erros dentre as modalidades mais recorrentes. Ainda que a tradução em questão seja considerada domesticadora, é relevante o fato de que contém inserções de elementos estrangeirizadores, também de acordo com a conceituação de Venuti (1999). Em nosso estudo, buscamos ainda observar se o ciclo da tradução se completaria em um eventual leitor brasileiro, conhecedor do idioma italiano, em termos de reconhecimento próprio e de sua cultura no texto traduzido. Para tal questionamento, obtivemos resposta positiva, somada ao fato de que a leitura do texto original, Orfeu da Conceição, pode ser enriquecida pela análise contrastiva e pelo contato com a tradução Orfeo Negro. / Orpheus myth has marked literary production of classic authors, and made its presence felt in modern and contemporary literary works as well. On Brazilian literature, Orfeu da Conceição, a dramatic work by Vinícius de Moraes, aimed to promote the dialog between classic greek mythology and Brazilian cultural roots by incorporating orphic elements. Published in 1956, with the subtitle Tragédia Carioca (Carioca Tragedy), it has achieved significant success at the literature and movies scopes. It has stood out by the adaptations and references to original the myth inside the story, which takes place at the shanty towns of Rio de Janeiro city between the decades of 1950 and 1960. Pasquale Aniel Jannini, an Italian researcher and academic, published in 1961 the translation of Orfeu da Conceição into Italian language, under the title Orfeo Negro. By comparing the original text to the translation, it has been composed a corpus of terms and expressions that highlight cultural markers between the texts. After that step, these data had been classified and analyzed by the theoretical model Translation Modalities, by Francis Henrik Aubert (1998). This model consists of a translation research methodology derived from the concepts made by Vinay and Darbelnet concerning technical procedures of translation. One of the main differentials of this model is the possibility of making a quantitative and typological analysis of the highlighted elements on translation. Besides, the methodology selected for the observation of Orfeu da Conceição and Orfeo Negro, understands translation as a communication act between individuals and between social groups as well, taking on its role when comes to cultures, ideologies and different points of view. The purpose of the study of these collected cultural markers attempts to analyze approximations and distances between Orfeu da Conceição e Orfeo Negro, as well as to reflect on particularities and intercultural traits expressed between the texts. By applying the methodology of Aubert (1998) to the identified cultural markers, we have verified a major occurrence of the modality modulation, which has evidenced a predominant domesticating translation, according to the concepts of Venuti (1999). We have also verified a significant occurrence of errors among the most common modalities. Although this translation is considered a domesticating translation, it is relevant the fact that it contains the insertion of foreignizing elements, also according to the conceptualization of Venuti (1999). In our study, we have also aimed to observe if the cycle of translation would complete itself by an eventual Brazilian reader who knows the Italian language, in terms of self-recognition and recognition of his or her own culture on the translated text. For such question, we have reached an affirmative answer, added to the fact that the reading of the original text, Orfeu da Conceição, can be enriched by the contrastive analysis and the contact with the translation Orfeo Negro.