The topic of my thesis is conning in the Czech Republic. Conning stands for actions, which take place at conventions of fans of the fantasy genre called cons. Ethnographic study consist of two circuits. The first one focuses on cons, and their different aspects of realization, as well as services, including mechandising. The second on is dedicated to participants of this kind of event. The research focuses not only on their activity at conventions, but also reflects the consumption of the genre and partecipation of related activities. The theoretical part was based on the specialist literature. Theoretical bases served to define research questions. Methods used for data collection include participant observation, semi-structured ethnographic interviews, analysis of documents, informal and unstructured ethnographic interviews and questionnaires. Timeframe for data collection is the period from June 2015 to April 2016. For analysis were used the grounded theory principles, namely open and axial coding. The output is an paradigmatic model. Research identifies characteristic elements of conning in the Czech Republic, differences between domestic and foreign cons and experience of the participants. Also illustrates the role of a fantasy genre fiction in the life of participants, and their perception of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Edmilson Evangelista da Silva.pdf: 1489224 bytes, checksum: dd161137d6e6f221ffe192912c264f26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Human being has been searching for health foods and environmental conservation in a crescent path. Is this way, organic agriculture activities are showing good results. Nevertheless, several techniques need to be improved for farm adoption. The objective of this work was to evaluate a collard greens and green corn rotation intercropped with legume plants for green manuring in a no tillage system. This work started in May 2003 with the rotation of collard-corn-collard for two years in a SIPA (Integrated Agroecological Production System, Serop?dica, RJ). Mucuna deeringiana and Crotalaria spectabilis intercropped with collard, and C. juncea e M. pruriens intercropped with corn were used. Surface application of 0 and 200 kg ha-1 N-equivalent as poultry bed manure at 6th and 16th harvesting time (100 kg in each application) in 2003; 0 and 100 kg ha-1 of N at 10th harvesting time in 2004 for collard were used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, a factorial 3 x 2 with four replications. Treatments were kept in the same plots during all three cropping periods. Leaf number, yield, specific leaf area, leaf area index, and nutritional analysis were performed for collard, as well as number of corn spikes and nutritional status for corn. In the second collard cropping year chemical analysis and chemical fractionation analysis of soil were performed. Plant biomass, legume plant nutrient level, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) rate were determined. M. deeringiana and C. spectabilis yielded 1.5 Mg ha-1 of dry plant biomass where intercropped with collard, but BNF was significantly higher for Crotalaria sp. M. pruriens over C. juncea yielded 2.8 and 5.6 Mg ha-1 of dry plant biomass respectively where intercropped with corn. The presence of legume plants intercropped with collard promoted higher numbers of leaf and yield in 2003 and 2004. In 2004, collard leave from plots intercropped with M. pruriens were larger and more turgid, and with better nutritional status. Surface fertilization for collard increased yield, leaf number, leaf area index, and specific leaf area. Residual fertilization from collard cropped in 2003 affected positively corn plants, but there was no residual effect from legumes. Corn plants showed nutritional N deficiency symptoms. This indicated that residual effect from surface fertilization or green manuring were not sufficient for N supply to the crop. Soil carbon level increased on green manure and poultry bed surface fertilization plots. Preference for humin and humic acid formation, and higher levels of N, P, K, Ca e Mg occurred on places where surface organic fertilization was performed. Levels of Ca, K, carbon, and humin occured from starting to the ending point of the second cycle of collard cropping period, demonstrating the enrichment of the soil fertility. / O ser humano tem buscado cada vez mais alimentos saud?veis e a conserva??o do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, a agricultura org?nica em suas atividades tem conseguido bons resultados Entretanto, v?rias t?cnicas ainda devem ser aferidas para que pr?tica seja adotada pelos agricultores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a rota??o couve e milho verde em cultivo intercalar com leguminosas para aduba??o verde, em plantio direto. O trabalho iniciou-se em maio de 2003 com rota??o couve-milho-couve por dois anos no SIPA (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica, Serop?dica, RJ). As leguminosas utilizadas foram Mucuna deeringiana e Crotalaria spectabilis em cons?rcio com a couve; C. juncea e M. pruriens com milho. Aduba??o em cobertura com cama de avi?rio nas doses equivalentes a 0 e 200 kg ha-1 de N na 6a e 16a colheita (100 kg em cada cobertura) em 2003 e 0 e 100 kg ha-1 de N na 10a colheita em 2004 nos cultivos de couve. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 3 x 2, com quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram conservados nas mesmas parcelas durante os tr?s cultivos. Na couve, foram analisados o n?mero de folhas, produtividade, ?rea foliar especifica, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e an?lise nutricional. No milho produtividade, n?mero de espigas e estado nutricional. No segundo ano de cultivo de couve foi realizada an?lise qu?mica e fracionamento qu?mico do solo. Nas leguminosas determinouse a biomassa produzida, teor de nutrientes e taxa de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN). Nos cultivos consorciados de couve as leguminosas M deeringiana e C. spectabilis aportaram cerca de 1,5 Mg ha-1 de mat?ria seca, entretanto a FBN foi significativamente maior para as esp?cies de Crotalaria spp. No milho as leguminosas promoveram aporte significativo de mat?ria seca, destacando-se M. pruriens sobre C. juncea com produtividades de 2,8 e 5,6 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. A presen?a das leguminosas em cons?rcio com a couve promoveram aumentos no n?mero de folhas e na produtividade em 2003 e 2004. As folhas de couve em 2004, nos tratamentos com M. pruriens, eram maiores e mais t?rgidas, al?m de estarem em melhor estado nutricional. A aduba??o em cobertura na couve aumentou a produtividade, n?mero de folhas, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e ?rea foliar espec?fica. As plantas de milho aproveitaram a aduba??o residual de 2003 na couve, mas m?o foi detectado efeito residual das leguminosas. Nutricionalmente as plantas de milho se encontravam deficientes em nitrog?nio, indicando que o efeito residual, tanto da aduba??o em cobertura e aduba??o verde, n?o era suficiente para suprir a cultura. Houve aumento no teor de carbono do solo no manejo com aduba??o verde e com aduba??o em cobertura com cama de avi?rio. Houve prefer?ncia na forma??o de huminas e ?cido h?mico, e maiores teores de N, P, K, Ca e Mg nos locais onde foi realizada aduba??o org?nica em cobertura. Do in?cio para o final do segundo ciclo de couve houve aumento nos teores de Ca, K, carbono e humina, demonstrando o enriquecimento da fertilidade do solo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Pablo Yugo Yoshiura Kubo.pdf: 2422613 bytes, checksum: e348b7e550419b55af8c51c6ca37adfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-15 / The main objective of this work is to analyze the more evident competitive advantages due to the adoption of the production model called Modular Consortium. Therefore, it will be analyzed two truck and bus manufacturers, of the Brazilian, that adopted two different production process. Volkswagen Truck and Bus Modular Consortium, located in Resende city (RJ) has a revolutionary manufacture process, that the main company delegates the assemblies tasks, logistics and a portion of the product development to the 7 main suppliers. Each module manages its own workers, and just some specific department (engineering, quality assurance, marketing, sales and assistance) has Volkswagen employees. In the other hand, the A manufacturer has a vertical production process; it means that the main vehicle s component are made, and developed, by its own manufacture plant. The methodology used was based on non structured interviews with personal from the Human Resource / Logistics / Product Engineering Departments. The basic characteristic to delegate tasks, the Modular Consortium, optimizes the utilization of its employees. This factor, if analyzed by the Brazilian side, could be considered a negative point, due to its high level of unemployment. But this optimization could be related as an efficiency indicator of the Volkswagen Truck and Bus Modular Consortium. The fact that the Modular Consortium concept permits the main company to delegate secondary tasks allows it to concentrate in strategic areas like its mark and its market performance. / O objetivo geral neste trabalho ? analisar as vantagens competitivas, mais latentes, geradas pelo modelo de produ??o denominada cons?rcio modular. Para tanto ser?o analisadas duas montadoras, de ve?culos comerciais, que det?m diferentes processos produtivos mencionados. O cons?rcio modular Volkswagen Caminh?es e ?nibus, situada na cidade de Resende (RJ) possui um processo de produ??o inovador, na qual a empresa contratante delega as tarefas de montagem, log?stica de suprimentos e parte do desenvolvimento do produto para 07 fornecedores. Cada m?dulo administra seus funcion?rios, sendo que apenas departamentos muito espec?ficos (engenharia do produto, garantia de processo e da qualidade, marketing, vendas e assist?ncia t?cnica) possuem funcion?rios diretamente ligados ? Volkswagen. Em contrapartida a Empresa A possui uma produ??o totalmente verticalizada, onde os principais componentes dos ve?culos s?o fabricados, e desenvolvidos, pela pr?pria montadora. A metodologia da pesquisa de campo baseou-se em entrevistas n?o-estruturadas com os profissionais dos Departamentos de Recursos Humanos, Log?stica e Engenharia do Produto. Devido a caracter?stica b?sica em delegar tarefas, o Cons?rcio Modular, otimiza a utiliza??o de funcion?rios para a produ??o / desenvolvimento de seus ve?culos. Esse fator se analisado sob a ?tica brasileira pode ser considerado mal?fico, devido ? alta taxa de desemprego do pa?s. Todavia essa otimiza??o traduz-se como um indicador de efici?ncia do Cons?rcio Modular Volkswagen Caminh?es e ?nibus. Em ?ltima an?lise o fato do conceito de cons?rcio modular permitir a empresa em delegar tarefas ditas como secund?rias propicia a mesma concentrar-se em ?reas estrat?gicas como sua marca e seu desempenho no mercado consumidor.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-04T18:28:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Alexsandro Sousa Brito.pdf: 3094346 bytes, checksum: 0f9f853f957ec57ce4331ad9d6437cdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T18:28:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Alexsandro Sousa Brito.pdf: 3094346 bytes, checksum: 0f9f853f957ec57ce4331ad9d6437cdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / CAPES / FAPEMA - Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento. Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico do Maranh?o / Public consortium are known for their ability to bring together local government and partnerships around a common problem that would be difficult to solve by the single action of a single entity. It was local government consortium experience analyzed, in our study, talk about Consortium of Production and Supply (CINPRA) it is from S?o Lu?s-MA and suggests parameters for analysis of the implementation of public consortium. It proposes, from the construction of these parameters, the identification of consortium not as instruments of policy but also as an arrangement of policy making, or democratic structuring of public policy. Parameters are indicative of the capacity of these arrangements to produce shared public policies, as the institutional design of the consortium may or may not favor the democratic structuring of these actions. In this sense, the analysis made here inserts the discussion of public consortium in the analysis of public policies, more specifically in the analysis of policy implementation. Thus, it was tried to understand the classic models of implementation of public policies and to propose a strategy of analysis of implementation that balance and equilibrium the democratic-participative aspect in the process of construction of the consortium. A brief historiography of the object of research is also made, analysis of some other national and international experiences is also made, looking for common elements to the different experiences recorded in the specific literature. It also analyzes the legal and institutional aspects arising from the promulgation of the regulatory legal framework of the consortium. CINPRA's analysis showed up the inability to institutionalize as a local for democratic structuring of policy produce together due to the inability to formulate a problem that will be, in fact, common and needed for a cooperation strategy. This research we have undertaken, verified that the supply problem, as posed by CINPRA, was not an issue capable of capturing the public interest of the local government level, as well as of the society itself, failing to constitute a public problem, which, in part, may explain the low capability of the consortium to bring the necessary attention to producing public policy between local government and partnerships. Therefore, the unusual problem was not enough to achieve a consistent agreement around the membership. / Os cons?rcios p?blicos s?o conhecidos pela capacidade de arregimentar entidades p?blicas e privadas em torno de um problema comum, que, dificilmente lograria solu??o pela a??o isolada de um ?nico ente. Analisa-se a experi?ncia de consorciamento intermunicipal a partir do caso do Cons?rcio de Produ??o e Abastecimento de S?o Lu?s ? MA (CINPRA) e sugere par?metros para an?lise de implementa??o de cons?rcios p?blicos. Prop?e, a partir da constru??o desses par?metros, a identifica??o dos cons?rcios n?o apenas como instrumentos de pol?tica mas tamb?m como uma pol?tica de produ??o de pol?ticas, ou como uma pol?tica de estrutura??o democr?tica de pol?tica p?blicas. Os par?metros s?o indicadores da capacidade desses arranjos em produzir pol?ticas p?blicas compartilhadas, ? medida que o desenho institucional dos cons?rcios pode favorecer ou n?o a estrutura??o democr?tica dessas a??es. Nesse sentido, a an?lise feita aqui insere a discuss?o dos cons?rcios p?blicos na an?lise de pol?ticas p?blicas, mais especificamente na an?lise de implementa??o de pol?ticas. Assim, buscou-se compreender os modelos cl?ssicos de implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas e propor uma estrat?gia de an?lise de implementa??o que sopesasse o aspecto democr?tico-participativo no processo de constru??o dos cons?rcios. Elabora-se ainda uma r?pida historiografia do objeto de investiga??o e faz-se, tamb?m, uma an?lise de algumas outras experi?ncias nacionais e internacionais, buscando elementos comuns ?s diversas experi?ncias registradas na literatura espec?fica. Analisa-se ainda os aspectos jur?dicos e institucionais decorrentes da promulga??o do marco legal regulat?rio dos cons?rcios. Um dos principais resultados alcan?ados na an?lise do CINPRA ? de que a incapacidade de se institucionalizar como um espa?o de estrutura??o democr?tica de coprodu??o de pol?ticas, passa, em princ?pio, pela inabilidade na formula??o de um problema que, de fato, fosse comum e impusesse a necessidade imperiosa de uma estrat?gia de coopera??o. Pela pesquisa que empreendemos, verificamos que o problema do abastecimento, como colocado pelo CINPRA, n?o foi uma quest?o capaz de capitanear o interesse p?blico dos munic?pios, tampouco da pr?pria sociedade, n?o conseguindo se constituir num problema p?blico, o que, em parte pode explicar a baixa capacidade do cons?rcio em arregimentar a aten??o necess?ria para uma pr?tica consorciada de produ??o de pol?tica p?blica. Logo, o problema ?(in)comum? n?o foi suficiente para lograr um pacto consistente em torno da agremia??o.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-13T12:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Pedro Antonio Pa??.pdf: 2520523 bytes, checksum: dbda485ebbcb8e6720ce729890cb05ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T12:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Pedro Antonio Pa??.pdf: 2520523 bytes, checksum: dbda485ebbcb8e6720ce729890cb05ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a succession of corn and bean, submitted to organic management associated with green manure from a mixture of species with different spatial arrangements. The experiment was conducted in the Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica - SIPA, located in Serop?dica - RJ, Brazil. The statistical design was a completely randomized blocks with six treatments and four replicates, totaling twenty four plots. In this sense, the experiment was planned in two parts, the first part was the study of spatial arrangements of planting, consisting in a mixture (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea and Helianthus annuus) of cover crops species (ECS) for green manure contemplating: intercropping with corn (cv. Caatingueiro) in double rows. The treatments consisted : ECS haul sowing; ECS furrow sowing; ECS haul sowing in a intercropping with corn; ECS furrow sowing in a intercropping with corn; corn monoculture; fallow (control). The evaluated parameters were: cover soil provided by ECS; fresh and dry biomass productivity; chemical composition of ECS aerial part; and corn grains productivity. The second part of the experiment took place in the same area, and bean (cv. Constanza) was planted in the same plots of the first part of the experiment. It was evaluated the influence of cover crops species on weed reinfestation and on the productivity of beans. As a general conclusion it was observed that the ECS covered the soil faster than the current spontaneous vegetation on fallow did. The fresh and dry biomass productivity and the cumulative quantity of nutrients in the biomass of the treatments that took in the ECS were higher than in corn monoculture. It was noted that the presence of the ECS influenced positively on weed reinfestation control. The corn grains productivity was lower when intercropping with ECS, however, the yield of beans was not influenced. The sowing way, haul or furrow, showed no differences, one interesting finding because the smallholder have freedom to choice the sowing way, without concern with related losses. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo de uma sucess?o envolvendo milho e feijoeiro, submetidos ao manejo org?nico, associada ? aduba??o verde formada de uma mistura de esp?cies com diferentes arranjos espaciais. O experimento foi conduzido no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica ? SIPA (UFRRJ/Embrapa Agrobiologia/PESAGRO-RIO), localizado no munic?pio de Serop?dica, regi?o da Baixada Fluminense, RJ. O delineamento estat?stico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repeti??es, totalizando vinte e quatro parcelas. Neste sentido, o experimento foi planejado em duas partes, onde a primeira foi o estudo de arranjos espaciais de plantio composta por uma mistura de esp?cies (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea e Helianthus annuus) de plantas de cobertura do solo (ECS) para aduba??o verde, contemplando cultivos consorciados com o milho (variedade Caatingueiro) em fileiras duplas. Os tratamentos constaram de: ECS semeadas a lan?o; ECS semeadas em sulcos; ECS semeadas a lan?o em cons?rcio com o milho; ECS semeadas em sulcos em cons?rcio com o milho; monocultivo de milho; pousio (controle). Avaliou-se a cobertura do solo proporcionada pelas ECS; produtividade de biomassa fresca e seca; composi??o qu?mica da parte a?rea das esp?cies de cobertura do solo; e a produtividade de gr?os de milho. Na segunda parte do trabalho, na mesma ?rea em sucess?o, cultivou-se o feijoeiro (cv. Constanza) nas parcelas empregadas na primeira parte. Avaliou-se a influ?ncia das esp?cies de cobertura do solo na reinfesta??o de esp?cies espont?neas e a produtividade de gr?os de feij?o. Como conclus?o geral, observou-se que as ECS cobriram com maior velocidade o terreno do que a vegeta??o espont?nea presente no sistema em pousio. As produtividades de biomassa fresca e seca da parte a?rea e a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes na biomassa a?rea dos tratamentos que continham as ECS foram maiores do que no monocultivo do milho. Notou-se que a presen?a das ECS influenciou positivamente no controle da reinfesta??o das esp?cies espont?neas. A produtividade de gr?os de milho foi menor quando consorciado com as ECS, no entanto, a produtividade de gr?os de feij?o n?o foi influenciada. O modo de semeadura, a lan?o ou em sulcos, n?o demonstrou diferen?as nas avalia??es realizadas, sendo um dado interessante pelo fato do agricultor, dessa maneira, ter livre escolha quanto ao modo de semeadura, sem ter a preocupa??o de preju?zos correlacionados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexBFMN_DISSERT.pdf: 2231149 bytes, checksum: c09ca7ac40bf0bd19e07f774c2033225 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / With the disorganized decentralization occurred in Brazil after the 1988 Constitution, municipalities have risen to the level of federal entities. This phenomenon became known as "municipalism" also brought some negative effects such as low capacity financial, economic and political of these entities. In the face of this reality , the municipalities sought in models of collaborative features to address public policy issues ultrarregionais, one of these models are the Public Consortia. Characterized as the organization of all federal entities that aim to solve public policy implementation alone that they could not, or spend great resources for such. This reality of the municipalities have an aggravating factor when looking at the situation in Metropolitan Regions (MRs). This is because the RMs has a historical process of formation that does not encourage cooperation, since that were created top-down during the military regime. Furthermore, the metropolitan municipalities have significant power asymmetries, localist vision, rigidity earmarked revenues, different scenarios conurbation, difficulty standardization of concepts and others that contribute to the vision of low cooperation of these metropolitan areas. Thus, the problem of this work is in the presence of collaborative arrangements, such as the Public Consortia in metropolitan areas, which are seen as areas of low cooperation. To elucidate this research was used for analysis the cases of CONDIAM/PB and Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, because they are apparently antagonistic, but with some points of similarity. The cases has as foundation the Theory of Common Resources, which provides the possibility of collective action through the initiative of individuals. This theory has as its methodology for analyzing the picture IAD Framework, which proposes its analysis based on three axes: external variables, the arena of action and results. The nature of the method of this research was classified as exploratory and descriptive. For the stage of date analysis, was used the method of document analysis and content, Further than of separation of the cases according to theur especificities. At the end of the study, noted that the CONDIAM/PB was a strategy of municipal government of Joao Pessoa to attract funds from the Federal Government for the purpose of to build a landfill, and over the years the ideology of cooperation was left aside, the prevailing view localist municipalities. In the case of Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, members act with some degree of cooperation, especially the collaborative aspect of the region, however, still prevails with greater strength the power of the state of Pernambuco in the decisions and paths of the consortium. Thus, was conclude that the Public Consortia analyzed are an experience of collaborative arrangement, from the initiative of members, as the theory of common resources says, but has not actually signed as a practice of collective action to overcome the dilemmas faced by metropolitan areas / Com a descentraliza??o ocorrida no Brasil ap?s a Constitui??o de 1988, os munic?pios se elevaram ao patamar de entes federados. Esse fen?meno, que ficou conhecido por municipalismo , tamb?m trouxe alguns efeitos perversos como a baixa capacidade financeira, econ?mica e pol?tica desses entes. Diante dessa realidade os munic?pios buscaram em modelos de car?ter colaborativo para solucionar problemas de pol?ticas p?blicas ultrarregionais, um desses modelos s?o os Cons?rcios P?blicos. Caracterizados como a organiza??o entre entes federados que visem ? solu??o implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que sozinhos eles n?o conseguiriam, ou despenderiam grandes recursos para tal. Essa realidade dos munic?pios tem um agravante quando se observa a situa??o nas Regi?es Metropolitanas (RMs). Isso porque as RMs possuem um hist?rico processo de forma??o que n?o incentiva a coopera??o, j? que foram criadas de cima para baixo durante o regime militar. Al?m disso, os munic?pios metropolitanos t?m significativas assimetrias de poder, vis?o localista, rigidez de receitas vinculadas, diferentes cen?rios de conurba??o, dificuldade de padroniza??o dos conceitos, dentre outros que contribuem para a vis?o de baixa coopera??o dessas ?reas metropolitanas. Assim, a problem?tica desse trabalho est? na presen?a de arranjos colaborativos, como os Cons?rcios P?blicos, em Regi?es Metropolitanas, que s?o vistas como ?reas de baixa coopera??o. Para elucidar essa pesquisa, utilizou-se para an?lises os casos do CONDIAM/PB e Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, por serem aparentemente antag?nicos, mas com alguns pontos de semelhan?a. Os casos t?m como fundamenta??o a Teoria dos Recursos Comuns, que estabelece a possibilidade de a??o coletiva atrav?s da iniciativa dos indiv?duos. Essa teoria tem como metodologia de an?lise o quadro IAD Framework, que prop?e sua an?lise a partir de tr?s eixos: vari?veis externas, arena de a??o e resultados alcan?ados. A natureza do m?todo dessa pesquisa foi classificada como explorat?ria e descritiva. Para a etapa de an?lise dos dados, utilizou-se o m?todo de an?lise documental e de conte?do, al?m da separa??o dos casos de acordo com suas especificidades. Ao fim da pesquisa, observou-se que o CONDIAM/PB foi uma estrat?gia do Governo Municipal de Jo?o Pessoa para atrair recursos junto ao Governo Federal com o prop?sito de construir um aterro sanit?rio, e com o passar dos anos a ideologia de coopera??o foi deixada de lado, prevalecendo a vis?o localista dos munic?pios. No caso do Cons?rcio Grande Recife/PE, os membros atuam com certo grau de coopera??o, sobretudo pelo aspecto colaborativo da regi?o, entretanto, ainda prevalece com maior for?a o poder do Estado de Pernambuco nas decis?es e nos caminhos do cons?rcio. Assim, conclui-se que, os Cons?rcios P?blicos analisados s?o uma experi?ncia de arranjo colaborativo, a partir da iniciativa dos membros, como diz a teoria dos recursos comuns, mas ainda n?o se firmaram efetivamente como uma pr?tica de a??o coletiva que supere os dilemas enfrentados pelas Regi?es Metropolitanas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EutaliaENFS_DISSERT.pdf: 2712662 bytes, checksum: 8c38ff6fb5ec0c379f1f2e3b3fe8a0c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-07 / In a hospital environment, these bacteria can be spread by insects such as ants, which are characterized by high adaptability to the urban environment. Staphylococcus is a leading cause of hospital infection. In Europe, Latin America, USA and Canada, the group of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) is the second leading cause of these infections, according to SENTRY (antimicrobial surveillance program- EUA). In this study, we investigated the potential of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as vehicle mechanics of Staphylococcus bacteria in a public hospital, in Natal-RN. The ants were collected, day and night, from June 2007 to may 2008, in the following sectors: hospitals, laundry, kitchen, blood bank. The ants were identified according to the identification key of Bolton, 1997. For the analysis of staphylococci, the ants were incubated in broth Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for 24 hours at 35 ? C and then incubated on Mannitol Salt Agar. The typical colonies of staphylococci incubated for 24 hours at 35 ? C in Tryptic Soy Agar for the characterization tests (Gram stain, catalase, susceptibility to bacitracin and free coagulase). The identification of CoNS was performed through biochemical tests: susceptibility to novobiocin, growth under anaerobic conditions, presence of urease, the ornithine decarboxylation and acid production from the sugars mannose, maltose, trehalose, mannitol and xylose. The antimicrobial susceptibility examined by disk-diffusion technique. The technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm the presence of mecA gene and the ability to produce biofilm was verified by testing in vitro using polystyrene inert surface, in samples of resistant staphylococci. Among 440 ants, 85 (19.1%) were carrying coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) of the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus (17), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15), Staphylococcus xylosus (13), Staphylococcus hominis hominis (10), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (10), Staphylococcus warneri (6), Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3), Staphylococcus simulans (3), Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii (2), and Staphylococcus capitis (1). No Staphylococcus aureus was found. Among the isolates, 30.58% showed resistance to erythromycin. Two samples of CoNS (2.35%), obtained from the ant Tapinoma melanocephalum collected in the post-surgical female ward, S. Hominis hominis and S. lugdunensis harbored the mecA gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the specie S. hominis hominis even showed to be a biofilm producer. This study proves that ants act as carriers of multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci and biofilm producers and points to the risk of the spreading of pathogenic microorganisms by this insect in the hospital environment / No ambiente hospitalar, bact?rias podem ser disseminadas por insetos, tais como as formigas, que se destacam pela alta adaptabilidade ao ambiente urbano. As bact?rias do g?nero Staphylococcus s?o uma das principais causas de infec??o hospitalar. Em pa?ses da Europa, Am?rica Latina, Estados Unidos e Canad?, o grupo dos estafilococos coagulase-negativos (ECN) representa a segunda maior causa dessas infec??es, segundo o SENTRY (Programa de vigil?ncia antimicrobiana- EUA). No presente estudo foi analisado o potencial de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) como ve?culos mec?nicos de bact?rias do g?nero Staphylococcus em um hospital da rede p?blica de sa?de, no munic?pio de Natal-RN. As formigas capturadas em coletas diurnas e noturnas, entre junho de 2007 e maio de 2008, nos seguintes setores: enfermarias, lavanderia, cozinha, banco de sangue. Esses insetos foram identificados segundo a chave de identifica??o de Bolton, 1997. Para a an?lise da presen?a de estafilococos, as formigas foram incubadas em caldo de case?na de soja (TSB) por 24h, a 35?C para posterior semeadura em Agar Manitol Salgado. As col?nias caracter?sticas de estafilococos incubadas por 24h a 35?C, em Tryptic Soy Agar, para testes de caracteriza??o do g?nero (colora??o de Gram, catalase, susceptibilidade ? bacitracina e coagulase livre). A identifica??o dos ECN foi realizada atrav?s das provas bioqu?micas: susceptibilidade ? novobiocina, crescimento em anaerobiose, presen?a de urease, descarboxila??o da ornitina e produ??o de ?cidos a partir dos a??cares manose, maltose, trealose, manitol e xilose. A susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos analisada atrav?s da t?cnica disco-difus?o. Para confirmar a presen?a do gene mecA foi utilizada a t?cnica da Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase e a capacidade de produ??o de biofilme foi verificada atrav?s de ensaio in vitro usando superf?cie inerte de poliestireno, em amostras de estafilococos resistentes. Entre 440 formigas, 85 (19,1%) estavam transportando os ECN das esp?cies Staphylococcus saprophyticus (17), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15), Staphylococcus xylosus (13), Staphylococcus hominis hominis (10), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (10), Staphylococcus warneri (6), Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3), Staphylococcus simulans (3), Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii (2), e Staphylococcus capitis (1 ). Nenhum Staphylococcus aureus foi encontrado. Entre os isolados, 30,58% apresentaram resist?ncia ? eritromicina. Duas amostras de ECN (2,35%), obtidas a partir da formiga Tapinoma melanocephalum coletadas na enfermaria feminina p?s-cir?rgica, S. hominis hominis e S. lugdunensis albergavam o gene mecA e foram resistentes a m?ltiplos antibi?ticos. Al?m disso, a esp?cie S. hominis hominis ainda mostrou ser um produtor de biofilme. Este estudo demonstra que as formigas podem agir como veiculadoras de ECN multiresistentes aos antimicrobianos e produtores de biofilme, e, ainda, aponta para o risco da dissemina??o de microrganismos patog?nicos por esse inseto no ambiente hospitalar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDB_DISSERT.pdf: 1137270 bytes, checksum: 558407b63f2b998ab90dfd7537409987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / The presented research however has as object to apprehend the contribution of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is Jo?o of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the agricultural young. In it interests to know them which are the dreams and desires of these young, its relation with familiar agriculture, its desires of permanence in the field, as well as the relation of the trust with the fortalecimento of its projects of life. Thus, the general objective is to argue the contribution and influence of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is Jo?o of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the young of the city. The construction of the subject on agricultural youth to the contact with the land and the work in familiar agriculture were one strong expression identified in this research, exactly leading in consideration that nor all possess the desire to remain young agricultural , or at least young agriculturists. For the young, agricultural being is express through not only the contact with the agricultural work, but also the process of sociability, formation of affective bows, possibilities of new learnings, valuation of the agricultural way and its potentialities, of that the corporeal property and cultural is possible to be young in the agricultural way with access, historicamente denied / A pesquisa ora apresentada tem como objeto apreender a contribui??o do Cons?rcio Social da Juventude Rural em S?o Jo?o do Sabugi, nos projetos de vida individuais e coletivos dos jovens rurais. Nos interessa saber quais s?o os sonhos e desejos desses jovens, sua rela??o com a agricultura familiar, seus desejos de perman?ncia no campo, bem como a rela??o do cons?rcio com o fortalecimento dos seus projetos de vida. Assim, o objetivo geral ? discutir a contribui??o e influ?ncia do Cons?rcio Social da Juventude Rural em S?o Jo?o do Sabugi, nos projetos de vida individuais e coletivos dos jovens do munic?pio. A constru??o do tema juventude rural ligada ao contato com a terra e com o trabalho na agricultura familiar foi uma forte express?o identificada nessa pesquisa, mesmo levando em considera??o que nem todos possuem o desejo de permanecerem jovens rurais , ou pelo menos jovens agricultores. Para os jovens, ser rural ? expresso atrav?s n?o apenas do contato com o trabalho rural, mas tamb?m do processo de sociabilidade, forma??o de la?os afetivos, possibilidades de novos aprendizados, valoriza??o do meio rural e suas potencialidades, de que ? poss?vel ser jovem no meio rural com acesso a bens materiais e culturais, historicamente negados

Thesis describes initial public offering on the stock markets. There are mentioned basic phases of this process. In this thesis is named pros & cons of this source of financing. Recommends also other ways how to gain capital for own company business acitivities. Thesis is interested about main conditions for successfull "going public". Initial Public Offering of bonds is described too. Practical part of this thesis is concern IPO in the Czech Republic -- historical data, IPO in the past on Prague Stock Exchange, commentary of well-known stock-market analysts, graphs of stock prices in comparison with the main stock index PX.

I Sverige har brottslighet och kriminalitet blivit ett utbrett samhällsproblem som diskuteras flitigt i den politiska – och mediala debatten. Politikernas svar på den ökade gängkriminaliteten tenderar ofta att hamna i en diskussion om att skärpa straffen, slopa ungdomsrabatten och ge polisen fler maktmedel för att bekämpa brottslighet än att arbeta förebyggande med målgruppen. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser före detta kriminella möter när de har gjort valet att bryta med sin gamla livsstil, och att identifiera olika hinder som påverkar deras möjligheter att återanpassas till att bli fungerande medborgare. Betydande forskning från USA visar på att skärpta straff och långa fängelsevistelser är verkningslöst ifall syftet är att minska brottsligheten. En relevant fråga att ställa sig är ifall detta verkligen är den rätta vägen att ta? I min litteraturstudie pekar resultatet snarare på att långa fängelsevistelser riskerar skapa en rad följdkonsekvenser på både individ - och samhällsnivå för tidigare dömda personer som leder till att återanpassningen misslyckas. Men vad är lösningen på problemet med den ökade brottsligheten och hur skulle det kunna se ut istället? / In Sweden, crime and criminality have become a widespread societal problem that is frequently discussed in the political - and media debate. Politicians' response to the increase in crime often tends to sharpen penalties, cancel the youth discount and give the police more authority. But is this really the right way to go? The purpose of my literature study is to investigate the consequences that former criminals face when they have made the choice to break with their old lifestyle, and to identify the various obstacles that affect their chances of being readjusted to become functioning citizens. Significant research from, among others, the USA, shows that harsher punishment is ineffective if the purpose is to reduce crime. In my literature study, conclusions point rather to the fact that longer prison stays tend to result in aggravating obstacles on both an individual - and societal level that make it harder for the individual convicted person to stop committing crimes and return to a functioning everyday life. But what is the solution to the problem with increased crime, and what could this solution look like instead?