Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_MarceloElias.pdf: 370936 bytes, checksum: 8b29677226e33293d61cb45f3639411f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum, known as douradinha or douradinha-docampo, is a plant of Cerrado in the form of sub-shrubs with yellow flowers, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. Its leaves are used in preparations of home remedies in the form of teas, to treat kidney stones, inflammation / infection of the urethra, kidneys, bladder, and as a diuretic. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity in rats and mice, as well as the diuretic activity in rats of the crude aqueous extract of dried leaves Palicourea coriacea (EABLPC). The acute oral toxicity EABLPC was investigated according to OECD 423. To evaluate the diuretic activity three groups of rats received doses of EABLPC (80, 160 and 320 mg / kg), one group received only saline solution, and another received furosemide (20 mg / kg) administered by gavage for eight days, being made volume measurement and evaluation of urinary concentrations of electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-), creatinine and urea in urine and blood. The extract did not develop signs of toxicity or mortality in animals and found no pathological changes. In the evaluation of diuretic activity observed - an increase in urinary volume, water consumption and excretion of electrolytes, mice treated with EABLPC, compared to untreated, but not statistically significant differences were detected in blood samples. The results showed that the extract belongs to Class 5 (Substances with LD50 greater than 2000 mg / kg), being considered of low toxicity. The increase in urine volume, water consumption and excretion of electrolytes confirmed the diuretic activity of EABLPC. This study confirmed the use of ethnopharmacological EABLPC. / Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum, conhecida como douradinha ou douradinhado- campo, é uma planta do Cerrado, na forma de subarbustos com flores amarelas, pertencente à família Rubiaceae. Suas folhas são utilizadas em preparações de remédios caseiros na forma de chás, no tratamento de cálculos renais, inflamação/infecção de uretra, rins, bexiga e como diurético. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a toxicidade aguda em ratos e camundongos, bem como, a atividade diurética em ratos do extrato aquoso bruto liofilizado das folhas de Palicourea coriacea (EABLPC). A toxicidade aguda oral do EABLPC foi investigada de acordo com a OECD 423. Para avaliação da atividade diurética três grupos de ratos receberam doses de EALPC (80, 160 e 320 mg/kg), um grupo recebeu apenas solução salina e outro recebeu furosemida (20 mg/kg), administradas durante oito dias por gavagem, sendo feita a medição do volume urinário e a avaliação das concentrações de eletrólitos (Na+, K+ e Cl-), creatinina e uréia, na urina e no sangue. O extrato não desenvolveu sinais de toxicidade ou letalidade nos animais e não foram encontradas alterações histopatológicas. Na avaliação da atividade diurética observou - se um aumento do volume urinário, do consumo de água e da excreção dos eletrólitos, dos ratos tratados com EABLPC, em relação aos não tratados, mas não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas amostras de sangue. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato pertence à Classe 5 (substâncias com DL50 superior a 2000 mg/kg), sendo considerada de baixa toxicidade. O aumento do volume urinário, do consumo de água e da excreção de eletrólitos comprovou a atividade diurética do EABLPC. O presente estudo confirmou o uso etnofarmacológico do EABLPC.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao guilherme.pdf: 2090110 bytes, checksum: a1c991816c551ebd8ad069c1df1f9f72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-25 / The araticum (Annona coriacea Mart.) is a typical fruit of the brazilian cerrado used popularly to overcome inflammatory processes. The family Annonaceae presents as the main constituents acetogenins, a class of substances with great cytotoxic and genotoxic potential, and cited as responsible for a disease similar to parkinson in a Caribbean population that used the fruit as much as food and for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the putative activity of crude ethanolic extract of seeds of A. coriacea on the cerebral cortex of mice exposed at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg, and evaluate its activity on different areas of the brain, the liver and kidneys. We used 30 adult male Swiss mice divided into groups control, solvent and treated (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg). The extract was administered orally for four days. The target organs were extirpated, fixed in 70% ethanol (v / v) and processed for histological method - hematoxylin and eosin. The analysis of the slides was performed by image processing system for counting cells and other morphometric analysis. The morphological studies showed no significant changes to the brain in different areas, just as no changes were detected in the kidneys. On the other hand, was found a reduction on the frequency of cells per area of the liver, like as an reduction on the consumption of food, water and production of excreta. We conclude with this work a possible hepatotoxic activity induced by exposure to crude ethanol extract of seeds of A. Coriacea Mart., observed by the decrease in frequency of cells per area of the liver, correlated with reductions in consumption of food / water and production of excreta by animals. / O Araticum (Annona coriacea Mart.) é um fruto típico do cerrado brasileiro utilizado popularmente para remediar processos inflamatórios. A família Annonaceae apresenta como principais constituintes as acetogeninas, uma classe de substâncias com grande potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e ainda citado como o responsável por uma doença similar ao parkinsonismo em uma população caribenha que utilizava o fruto tanto como alimento quanto para fins medicinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a putativa atividade do extrato bruto etanólico das sementes da A. coriacea sobre o córtex cerebral de camundongos expostos nas doses de 12,5; 25; 50 e 100 mg/kg, além de avaliar sua atividade sobre diferentes áreas do encéfalo, sobre o fígado e rins. Foram utilizados 30 camundongos Swiss machos adultos divididos em grupos controle, solvente e tratados (12,5; 25; 50 e 100 mg/kg). O extrato foi administrado por via oral durante quatro dias. Os órgãos-alvo foram extirpados, fixados em etanol 70% (v/v) e processados para método histológico - hematoxilina e eosina. A análise das lâminas foi executada via sistema de processamento de imagens para a contagem das células e demais análises morfométricas. Os estudos morfológicos não demonstraram alterações significativas para o cérebro em suas diferentes áreas, da mesma forma que não foram detectadas alterações nos rins. Por outro lado, foi detectado uma redução da freqüência de células por área do fígado, assim como verificamos uma diminiução no consumo de ração, água e produção de excreta. Concluimos com este trabalho uma possível atividade hepatotóxica induzida pela exposição ao extrato bruto etanólico das sementes da A. Coriacea Mart., observada pela diminuição da freqüência de células por área do fígado, correlacionado com reduções de consumo de ração/água e produção de excretas pelos animais.

The jaguars (Panthera onca) of Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica, sometimes kills and eats green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), they also, though less often, kill and eat leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). The three species are considered endangered and are listed in CITES. It was the aim of this study to find out more about the jaguars behaviour in the area. To discern any patterns of jaguar and turtle activity on the beach the number of tracks per eighth of a mile was recorded on a daily basis for 26 days and then analyzed. It was also considered to be of interest to determine how many jaguars could be responsible for the predation of sea turtles. In addition to this average beach width was measured for each eighth of a mile. There was a noticeable difference in jaguar activity on the beach between days of recording. Analysis found that the beach width could possibly have a small positive effect on jaguar activity. No correlation was found between jaguar and turtle activity. It is believed that the reason that there was no correlation between jaguar activity and turtle activity was due to most of the tracks used to estimate turtle activity had originated from leatherback turtles, which are not as often predated by jaguars as the green turtle. An estimation of five or six jaguars was made using photographs of pugmarks and a method of track discrimination together with information from personnel from the Jalova station.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T11:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliângela Cristina Cândida Costa - 2017.pdf: 4155642 bytes, checksum: ecd1675c72542e283fac0527fef17f7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-27T10:57:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliângela Cristina Cândida Costa - 2017.pdf: 4155642 bytes, checksum: ecd1675c72542e283fac0527fef17f7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T10:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliângela Cristina Cândida Costa - 2017.pdf: 4155642 bytes, checksum: ecd1675c72542e283fac0527fef17f7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cerrado is a region whose biological richness is unique, being formed by about 10 thousand plants. The flora study, ethnobotanic stands out for understanding of the interaction of society whit plants. In this view, teacher Dr. Vanessa Pasqualotto research group’s has been carrying out ethnobotanic survey in collaboration with the Coqueiros community, with the objective of recovering and valuing the popular knowledge about medicinal plants, among which the Kielmeyera coriacea species, the focus of this study, stands out. In this group, 37 members were interviewed, of which 76% indicate K. coriacea for the treatment of infections, rheumatism, leukemia, tooth pain, among others. Thus, the chemical study of ethanolic extract of roots (EER) of this species, aiming at to characterize its secondary metabolites, since there are no chemical reports in the literature for this part of the plant. In addition antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor potential of K. coriacea were evaluated. From the liquid-liquid extraction of EER the hexane (FH), ethyl acetate (FAE) and hydroalcoholic (FHA) fractions were obtained; by the fractionation of FAE, the substance 3-hydroxy-2,4- dimethoxyxanthone was isolated. Additionally, a fingerprint study was performed by LC-MS technique, identifying major compounds such as δ-tocotrienol, prenylated acylphoroglucinol, 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone, quercitrin. EER, FH, FAE, FHA, its subfractions and the isolated substance were submitted to biological tests. FHA presented antioxidant action with EC50 de 201,53 μg mL-1. EER and FH-10 subfraction from FH fractionation, inhibited the bacterial growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 6.25 and 1.56 μg mL-1, respectively); EER also inhibited the fungus Candida glabrata in 7.81 μg mL-1. Finally, FH, FAE and FH-10 presented an antitumor effect against the HeLa cells, which are related to cervical cancer (IC50 of 2.5 μg mL-1, 2.5 μg mL-1 and 0.89 μg mL-1, respectively). When correlating the chemical and biological data, it is possible that the FAE-4.7.3 subfractions, from the fractionation of FAE, and FH-10 are constituted by substances such as 4-hydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxy xanthone, 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy xanthone, lupeol, prenylated acylphoroglucinol and quercitrin, which could be associated with the biological potential found. Therefore, the knowledge acquired in this study contributed to the expansion of the chemical-biological knowledge of K. coriacea. / O Cerrado é uma região cuja riqueza biológica é singular, sendo formado por cerca de 10 mil plantas. No estudo da flora, a etnobotânica se destaca por compreeder a interação da sociedade com as plantas. Nesse contexto, o grupo de pesquisa da Profa. Dra. Vanessa Pasqualotto vem realizando estudos etnobotânicos em colaboração com a comunidade Coqueiros, visando o resgate e a valorização dos saberes populares sobre plantas medicinais, dentre as quais se destaca a espécie Kielmeyera coriacea, foco deste estudo. Neste estudo foram entrevistados 37 membros, em que 76% indicam K. coriacea para o tratamento de infecções, reumatismo, leucemia, dor no dente, dentre outras. Assim, foi realizado o estudo químico do extrato etanólico da raiz (EER) desta espécie, objetivando caracterizar seus metabólitos secundários, uma vez que não há relatos químicos na literatura para esta parte da planta. Ademais, foi avaliado os potenciais antioxidante, antimicrobiano e antitumoral de K. coriacea. A partir da extração líquido-líquido de EER foram obtidas as frações hexano (FH), acetato de etila (FAE) e hidroalcoólica (FHA); pelo fracionamento da FAE foi isolada a substância 3-hidroxi-2,4-dimetoxixantona. O estudo do perfil químico foi realizado por CLAE-EM, identificando-se compostos majoritários como δ-tocotrienol, acilforoglucinol prenilado, 2-hidroxi-1-metoxixantona e quercitrina. EER, FH, FAE, FHA e suas subfrações, bem como a substância isolada foram submetidos aos ensaios biológicos. FHA apresentou ação antioxidante com EC50 de 201,53 μg mL-1. EER e a subfração FH-10, proveniente do fracionamento de FH, inibiram o crescimento bacteriano de Streptococcus pyogenes e S. pneumoniae (Concentração Inibitória Mínima de 6,25 e 1,56 μg mL-1, respectivamente); EER também inibiu o fungo Candida glabrata na 7,81 μg mL-1. Por fim, FH, FAE e FH-10 apresentaram efeito antitumoral frente à célula HeLa, a qual está relacionada ao câncer do cólon do útero (IC50 de 2,5, 2,5 e 0,89 μg mL-1, respectivamente). Ao correlacionar os dados químicos com biológicos, tem-se que as subfrações FAE-4.7.3, proveniente do fracionamento de FAE, e FH-10 são constituídas por substâncias como 4-hidroxi-2,3-metilenodioxixantona, 3-hidroxi-1,2-dimetoxixantona, lupeol, acilforoglucinol prenilado e a quercitrina, as quais poderiam estar associadas ao potencial biológico encontrado. Portanto, o conhecimento adquirido neste estudo contribuiu para a ampliação dos saberes químico-biológicos de K. coriacea.

Geotextiles have been used for many years in different parts of the world to promote soil conservation and to combat erosion. Such geotextiles may be synthetic (usually some form of plastic, sometimes with wire), or natural (usually some form of fibrous material). Work carried out at the University of Wolverhampton (UK) on the effectiveness of mats made from palm tree leaves sourced from the Gambia, West Africa led to a research project funded by the EU, which ran from October 2005 to February 2009, comprising the participation of four EU countries (UK, Belgium, Hungary and Lithuania) and six developing” countries (Brazil, Gambia, South Africa, Thailand, China and Vietnam). Research carried out in South Africa used mats made from the leaves of the Lala palm (Hyperhene coriacea). These mats are easy to make, flexible, durable and completely biodegradable. They cover approximately 40% of the soil surface, allowing space for vegetation to emerge, and add 1.3 kg of dry organic matter to each m2 of soil. Furthermore, they have a water retention capacity of 1.8 l kg-1 m-2, their N, K, S and P percentages are high, they have low sodium and aluminium values and a favourable C/N ratio. Firstly, trials were done on 20 South African soils and 10 mine tailings materials using a rainfall simulator. The soils varied considerably with respect to their textural, chemical and mineralogical properties as well as annual precipitation and geological origin. Erosion parameters varied greatly within, and to a much lesser extent between, the two different materials. Several significant correlations were obtained. Sediment load (SL) had the best correlation with kaolinite content and with fine sand content, while for runoff, the best correlation was with organic carbon content. When the samples were covered with palm mats values for final infiltration rate (FI) percentage stable aggregates (SA) and inter-rill erodibility (Ki) values were similar to those of bare materials and the amount of runoff was slightly higher. SL, however, was reduced by +65%. The next stage was to carry out a range of field trials, using runoff plots. Plots at four localities (Bergville, Ladybrand, Roodeplaat and Mabula) were used. Results showed that average runoff under the palm mats decreased by between 38% and 70%, compared to bare soil. Sediment concentration under the mats decreased by between 38% and 89%, using three combinations of slope, mat density and mesh size. Splash erosion at Roodeplaat decreased by between 62% and 68%, while re-vegetation at Ladybrand and Mabula increased by between 38% and 58%, with organic carbon content and topsoil accumulation also increasing under the mats. Various trials (using both the rainfall simulator and runoff plots) were carried out to evaluate the effects of reduced mat density and increased mesh size. Results from the other participating countries (25% to 95% reduction in runoff) confirm that there is much potential to use organic, bio-degradable, easy to manufacture geotextiles such as palm leaf mats, especially to combine employment opportunities with enhanced environmental protection in many susceptible areas of South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

A interação das tartarugas marinhas da espécie Caretta caretta e Dermochelys coriacea com o espinhel pelágico é um dos fatores que mais causa a mortalidade destes animais no oceano. Estudos com o intuito de quantificar essa interação, bem como os fatores que influenciam a mesma, são crescentes, para os quais é necessário conhecer a distribuição dos animais, e correlacioná-la com variáveis ambientais e operacionais da pesca. O presente estudo visa avaliar e quantificar os padrões espaço-temporais das capturas acidentais das tartarugas marinhas C. caretta e D. coriacea na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil, com base em dados coletados pelo Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, entre 2003 e 2010, a partir de um programa de observadores à bordo da frota comercial com espinhel pelágico, assim como correlacioná-los com variáveis ambientais, biológicas e operacionais. Para tal, foram utilizados métodos estatísticos, como os Modelos Aditivos Generalizados para Posição, Escala e Forma (GAMLSS). Foram verificadas variações interanuais e sazonais, com destaque para maiores capturas por unidade de esforço (CPUE) no outono. A temperatura superficial do mar foi a variável abiótica de maior correlação com a CPUE de C. caretta, sendo tipo de isca, a variável operacional mais significativa. Para D. coriacea, profundidade e longitude foram os fatores que melhor explicam a CPUE. Padrões de distribuição ontogenética e áreas prioritárias de conservação para essas populações são discutidas, assim como os efeitos potenciais do aquecimento do oceano. O presente estudo deve contribuir para a definição de políticas de conservação marinha e no contexto da abordagem ecossistêmica para a pesca / The interaction between the sea turtles Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea with pelagic longline is one of the factors that cause mortality of these animals in the ocean. Studies in order to quantify this interaction, as well as the factors that influence it, are increasing, focusing mostly on the turtles distribution, and how it correlates with environmental and fishing operational variables. Present study aims to evaluate and quantify the spatio-temporal patterns of the sea turtles C. caretta and D. coriacea bycatch off Southeast/South Brazil, based on data collected by Project TAMAR - ICMBio between 2003 and 2010, from an observer program on-board the commercial pelagic longline fleet, as well as to correlate them with environmental, biological and operational variables,. Statistical methods such as Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) were applied. Interannual and seasonal variations were observed, with a higher catch per unit effort (CPUE) during fall. The sea surface temperature was the abiotic variable that most correlated with CPUE of C. caretta, being the type of bait the most significant operational variable. For D. coriacea, depth and longitude were the factors that better explained the CPUE. Ontogenetic distribution patterns and priority areas for the species conservation are discussed, as well as the potential effects of ocean warming. This study should contribute to the definition of conservation policies as well as to the ecosystem approach to fisheries context

A interação das tartarugas marinhas da espécie Caretta caretta e Dermochelys coriacea com o espinhel pelágico é um dos fatores que mais causa a mortalidade destes animais no oceano. Estudos com o intuito de quantificar essa interação, bem como os fatores que influenciam a mesma, são crescentes, para os quais é necessário conhecer a distribuição dos animais, e correlacioná-la com variáveis ambientais e operacionais da pesca. O presente estudo visa avaliar e quantificar os padrões espaço-temporais das capturas acidentais das tartarugas marinhas C. caretta e D. coriacea na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil, com base em dados coletados pelo Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, entre 2003 e 2010, a partir de um programa de observadores à bordo da frota comercial com espinhel pelágico, assim como correlacioná-los com variáveis ambientais, biológicas e operacionais. Para tal, foram utilizados métodos estatísticos, como os Modelos Aditivos Generalizados para Posição, Escala e Forma (GAMLSS). Foram verificadas variações interanuais e sazonais, com destaque para maiores capturas por unidade de esforço (CPUE) no outono. A temperatura superficial do mar foi a variável abiótica de maior correlação com a CPUE de C. caretta, sendo tipo de isca, a variável operacional mais significativa. Para D. coriacea, profundidade e longitude foram os fatores que melhor explicam a CPUE. Padrões de distribuição ontogenética e áreas prioritárias de conservação para essas populações são discutidas, assim como os efeitos potenciais do aquecimento do oceano. O presente estudo deve contribuir para a definição de políticas de conservação marinha e no contexto da abordagem ecossistêmica para a pesca / The interaction between the sea turtles Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea with pelagic longline is one of the factors that cause mortality of these animals in the ocean. Studies in order to quantify this interaction, as well as the factors that influence it, are increasing, focusing mostly on the turtles distribution, and how it correlates with environmental and fishing operational variables. Present study aims to evaluate and quantify the spatio-temporal patterns of the sea turtles C. caretta and D. coriacea bycatch off Southeast/South Brazil, based on data collected by Project TAMAR - ICMBio between 2003 and 2010, from an observer program on-board the commercial pelagic longline fleet, as well as to correlate them with environmental, biological and operational variables,. Statistical methods such as Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) were applied. Interannual and seasonal variations were observed, with a higher catch per unit effort (CPUE) during fall. The sea surface temperature was the abiotic variable that most correlated with CPUE of C. caretta, being the type of bait the most significant operational variable. For D. coriacea, depth and longitude were the factors that better explained the CPUE. Ontogenetic distribution patterns and priority areas for the species conservation are discussed, as well as the potential effects of ocean warming. This study should contribute to the definition of conservation policies as well as to the ecosystem approach to fisheries context

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T18:36:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana de Souza Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 4757688 bytes, checksum: fc96a42c90e69175023de9611123a61e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T15:24:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana de Souza Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 4757688 bytes, checksum: fc96a42c90e69175023de9611123a61e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T15:24:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana de Souza Barbosa - 2015.pdf: 4757688 bytes, checksum: fc96a42c90e69175023de9611123a61e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazil has the greatest biodiversity in the world, and the plants are major sources of active molecules, having wide structural diversity. Among the domains found in Brazil, the Cerrado is a great source of medicinal plants with biological activities, and promising for the identifi-cation of bioactive molecules. In this context, studies on species of the Cerrado, can signifi-cantly contribute to the development and preservation of this biome. The species Kielmeyera coriacea (Calopyllaceae) is popularly known as pau-santo, being native to the Brazilian cen-tral plateau region. It is used in popular medicine, mainly for gastritis, anemia and leukemia, as reported in ethnobotanical interviews conducted in this study. The chemical study of K. coriacea leaves afforded the substances lupeol, lupenone, β-amyrin, cis and trans-p-coumaric acid and flavonoid quercetin, which was evaluated against the cathepsin V (CatV) and has a high inhibitory potential, had its IC50 assessed, with a value of 2.2 μM. The leaves extract (LE) and fractions originating from the liquid-liquid partition K. coriacea were also tested against cathepsins, and the LE showed the most satisfactory results against CatV, inhibiting the activity by 98%; LE was also tested against the ulcerogenic action, with concentrations of 200 and 300 mg.kg-1, and showed significant inhibition of ulcerative lesions. For antimicrobi-al evaluation, LE showed antimicrobial activity against the fungi Candida albicans, C. tropi-calis and C. glabrata (MIC of 31,25 μg/mL, 62,5 μg/mL e 7,81 μg/mL). Therefore, this re-search made possible the correlation ethnobotanical and scientific data, and contributed with relevant information of chemical-biological character of K. coriacea. / O Brasil possui a maior biodiversidade do mundo, e as plantas são fontes importantes de mo-léculas ativas, possuindo ampla diversidade estrutural. Dentre os domínios encontrados no Brasil, o Cerrado apresenta uma grande fonte de plantas medicinais com atividades biológi-cas, sendo promissor para a identificação de moléculas bioativas. Neste contexto, estudos so-bre espécies pertencentes ao Cerrado podem contribuir significativamente para a valorização e conservação deste domínio. A espécie Kielmeyera coriacea (Calopyllaceae) é conhecida po-pularmente como pau-santo, sendo nativa da região do planalto central brasileiro. É uma es-pécie muito utilizada na medicina popular, majoritariamente para gastrite, anemia e leucemia, conforme relatado nas entrevistas etnobotânicas realizadas neste estudo. Com a realização do estudo químico das folhas de K. coriacea, identificou-se as substâncias lupeol, lupenona, β-amirina, os ácidos cis e trans-p-cumárico e o flavonoide quercetina, o qual foi avaliado frente à catepsina V (CatV) e por apresentar um potencial inibitório elevado, teve seu IC50 avaliado, apresentando um valor de 2,2 μM. O extrato etanólico das folhas (EF) e frações oriundas da partição líquido-líquido de K. coriacea também foram avaliados frente às catepsinas, e o re-sultado mais expressivo para EF foi frente à CatV, inibindo a atividade da mesma em 98%; EF também foi testado frente à ação ulcerogênica, apresentando, nas concentrações de 200 e 300 mg.kg-1, uma inibição significativa das lesões ulcerativas. Em relação à avaliação antimi-crobiana, EF apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente aos fungos Candida albicans, C. tro-picalis e C. glabrata (CIM de 31,25 μg/mL, 62,5 μg/mL e 7,81 μg/mL). Portanto, a realização deste trabalho tornou possível a correlação de dados etnobotânicos com científicos, além de contribuir com informações relevantes de caráter químico-biológico sobre K. coriacea.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / CHAPTER 01: CHEMICAL STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Annona coriacea Mart. AND Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - In this research was performed the study of the chemical profile of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of flowers and leaves of species Annona coriacea and Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) by means of extraction in vivo and in vitro, through the techniques headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), hydrodistillation and characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By the analysis of the volatile fraction of flowers and leaves of A. coriacea it was observed different VOCs, according to the coatings utilized, since the selection of the fiber becomes one of the main factors for VOCs analysis in different vegetables parts. The chemical profile of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained through HS-SPME, which compared the efficiency of in vivo and in vitro extractions, due to the higher number of VOCs present in the floral aroma. Once were obtained various chemical data, the multivariate analysis of the data was performed, which provided relevant information, contributing to the optimization of some conditions, such as selection of fiber, extraction time and extraction temperature yielded the characterization of the most number of VOCs. In this context, the conditions that presented the most promising results were: fibers CAR/PDMS and PA, extraction time equal the 60 min and extraction temperature of 29 °C. The essential oil of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by GC-MS. The major compound present was the pentadecan-2-one (16.38%). The extraction techniques utilized were helpful, however there was qualitative and quantitative variation of VOCs, which is expected due to the extraction process be different. Thus, it is observed that depending on the objective of the survey or that searches for in the volatile fraction, it is necessary to use the technique to give the most promising results for the investigation held or in order to complement each other. In this way, the study of A. coriacea and X. aromatica contributed to the knowledge of the chemical profile of VOCs present in these species, seen from these investigations that the same can be applied in several industrial areas, for example cosmetic, food, among others. / CAPÍTULO 01: ESTUDO QUÍMICO DOS COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS VOLÁTEIS DE Annona coriacea Mart. E Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - Nesta pesquisa realizou-se o estudo do perfil químico dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) das flores e folhas das espécies Annona coriacea e Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae), por meio da extração in vivo e in vitro, através das técnicas de headspace-microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME), hidrodestilação e caracterização via cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Pela análise da fração volátil das flores e folhas de A. coriacea observou-se COVs diferentes, de acordo com os revestimentos usados, visto que a seleção da fibra se torna um dos principais fatores para a análise de COVs em partes vegetais diferentes. O perfil químico das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido via HS-SPME, em que se comparou a eficiência das extrações in vivo e in vitro, em função do maior número de COVs presentes no aroma floral. Uma vez que foram obtidos vários dados químicos, foi realizada a análise multivariada dos mesmos, a qual forneceu informações relevantes, contribuindo para a otimização de algumas condições, tais como seleção da fibra, tempo de extração e temperatura de extração que rendessem a caracterização do maior número de COVs. Neste contexto, as condições que apresentaram os resultados mais promissores foram: fibras de CAR/PDMS e PA, tempo de extração igual a 60 min e temperatura de extração de 29 oC. O óleo essencial das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido por hidrodestilação e caracterizado quimicamente por CG-EM. O composto majoritário presente foi a pentadecan-2-ona (16,38%). As técnicas de extração utilizadas foram úteis, entretanto houve variação quali e quantitativa dos COVs, o que é esperado devido ao processo de extração ser diferente. Assim, observou-se que dependendo do objetivo da pesquisa ou do que se procura na fração volátil, faz-se necessária a utilização da técnica que dê os resultados mais promissores para a investigação realizada ou de forma que se complementem. Desta maneira, o estudo de A. coriacea e X. aromatica contribuiu para o conhecimento do perfil químico dos COVs presentes nestas espécies, visto que a partir destas investigações os mesmos podem ser aplicados em várias áreas industriais, por exemplo cosmético, alimentos, dentre outros.

Broward County, Florida is a popular tourism destination. Due to its popularity, much of the shoreline has been modified and natural habitats were replaced with infrastructure such as houses, condominiums, resorts, and restaurants. The same Broward County beaches utilized by tourists and residents are important for three species of nesting sea turtles, including the Leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea, Loggerhead, Caretta caretta, and Green, Chelonia mydas, Turtles. The Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation Program (BCSTCP) collects yearly data in order to study these endangered reptiles. Increased anthropogenic effects including further coastal development (public & private), public beach events, public beach access, as well as natural events, have caused these important nesting beaches to erode and narrow. In an effort to control this erosion damage, Broward County has performed a number of beach nourishment projects. This study found yearly fluctuations in sea turtle hatching and emergence success rates, and years of beach nourishment projects significantly decreased these rates. Yearly hatching data available from Broward County concludes that beach nourishment, as well as hurricanes and tropical storms cause decreases in sea turtle hatching and emergence success rates in Broward County. Additionally, nest depth and sea turtle size increases the hatching and emergence success rates from females that are not too large or too small that nest in Broward County.