Depuis la moitié du XXe siècle, de nombreux chercheurs se sont penchés sur les objets et images laissés par les peuples précolombiens comme les Mochicas afin d’essayer de reconstruire ces anciennes cultures. Avec cette recherche, nous nous inscrivons dans la lignée de ces chercheurs en tentant de reconstruire le portrait de l’ontologie analogique telle que développée par les Mochicas (250-900 EC) en utilisant les représentations de crabes réalistes comme mythologiques sur le médium céramique comme sujet d’étude. Nous employons les théories de Philippe Descola, autant en ce qui concerne une définition du concept d’ontologie analogiste que pour les formes traditionnelles d’expression figurative de cette ontologie, afin d’établir une base théorique pour notre analyse. Notre étude se concentre sur un corpus de 251 céramiques que nous avons analysé pour leurs qualités formelles, iconographiques et techniques chacune de ces trois catégories nous ayant permis de mettre en lumière de riches relations ainsi qu’une panoplie d’analogies complexes. La forme des céramiques nous permet de mettre en évidence l’omniprésence visuelle de la structure analogique de l’univers mochica dans leur quotidien ainsi que les réseaux d’objets établis à travers l’espace et au coeur des différentes traditions stylistiques. L’iconographie des crabes se présente particulièrement appropriée pour cette recherche car ces êtres se situent au coeur d’un espace liminal où de nombreuses dualités se croisent. En effet, les dualismes se révèlent comme une base permettant à l’analogisme d’éclore. Les crabes sont aussi des êtres entretenant un certain nombre de relations complexes avec différents animaux et personnages mythologiques comme le Dieu à ceinture de serpents pour n’en nommer qu’un. Ainsi, les crabes occupent une place particulière au sein de la chaîne des analogies caractérisant le cosmos mochica, une chaîne qu’ils parviennent à naviguer de manière très fluide. C’est finalement avec l’étude des techniques de traitement de l’iconographie que nous parvenons à mettre en avant les analogies et relations consciemment entretenues par les potiers mochicas, ceci fait dans le but d’orienter la lecture des objets dans un sens bien précis. Ainsi, en employant ces trois catégories, nous décortiquons les différentes composantes de l’expression de l’analogisme au coeur des traditions stylistiques mochica. Avec cette recherche, nous cherchons notamment à mettre en valeur l’importance d’étudier l’art mochica de manière holiste, soit en analysant toutes les composantes de l’objet ensemble et non simplement l’image présentée dessus et ce, en lien avec différents facteurs culturels et environnementaux. / Since the mid-twentieth century, many scholars have taken a closer look at the objects and images left by pre-Columbian peoples such as the Moche in an attempt to rebuild the profiles of these ancient cultures. With this research, we follow in the footsteps of these scholars by attempting to reconstruct the portrait of the analogic ontology as developed by the Moche (250- 900 CE) using realistic as well as mythological representations of crabs on the ceramic medium as our subject of study. We use the theories of Philippe Descola, both for a definition of the concept of the analogist ontology and for the traditional forms of figurative expressions of this ontology, to establish a theoretical basis for our analysis. Our study focuses on a corpus of 251 ceramics that we have analyzed for their formal, iconographic and technical qualities, each of these three categories having allowed us to bring to light some rich relationships as well as a panoply of complex analogies. The shape of the ceramics allows us to highlight the visual omnipresence of the analogic structure of the Moche universe as well as the networks of objects established across space and different stylistic traditions. The iconography of the crabs is particularly appropriate for this research because these beings are located in the heart of a liminal space where many dualities cross. Indeed, we will see that the dualisms, particularly important within the Moche cosmovision, reveal themselves as a base allowing the analogism to bloom. The crabs are also beings that maintain a number of complex relations with different animals and mythological characters such as the Snake Belt God, to name but one. Thus, the crabs hold a particular place within the chain of analogies characterizing the Moche cosmos, a place that they manage to navigate in a very fluid way. It is finally with the study of the techniques of treatment of the iconography that we manage to highlight the analogies and relationships consciously maintained by the Moche potters, this with the aim of orienting the reading of the objects in a very precise way. Thus, using these three categories, we unravel the different components of the expression of analogism at the heart of Moche stylistic traditions. With this research, we seek to emphasize the importance of studying Moche art holistically, that is, by analyzing all the components of the object together and not just the image presented on it, in relation to various cultural and environmental factors.

This work will consist of an analysis of the book The Three Halves of Ino Moxo and other wizards of the Amazon (Tres mitades de Ino Moxo y otros brujos amazónicos) written by the Peruvian writer César Calvo. It will mainly focus on the author's attempt to understand the different and wrongfully underestimated spiritual world of the Amazonian Indians. Firstly, it will briefly introduce the author and mention the situation in Peruvian literature of the time. It will then look at the context in Latin American literature and will point out the common aspects of the book with novels of the jungle, with indigenist literature, and with the novels of magic realism and marvelous real. The core of the work will lie in the interpretation of the text. It will try to answer the question on the genre of the book and will then define its composition. Of particular importance will be the chapter on style, which will analyse in details the lyrical character of this prose. It will give evidence of the frequent use of poetic figures in the book by presenting examples thereof. It will look at the way of creating time and space. The thematic analysis will capture particular topics from the viewpoint of the world of the Amazonian Indians by looking at the conception of its typical characters. The work will lead to an...

Les causes de l'affaiblissement du nasa yuwe étant multiples, les stratégies de revitalisation sont également variées. Le nid linguistique de Tóez Caloto est un exemple des nombreuses façons de revitaliser une langue. Ainsi qu'un exemple des facteurs qui influencent le transfert linguistique, résultant d'aspects personnels tels que les traumatismes liés à l'utilisation de la langue à la suite d'abus physiques et psychologiques, la discrimination linguistique, la migration, la nécessité d'intégrer le marché du travail et l'accès à l'éducation scolaire. Ensemble avec des facteurs communautaires, sociaux, économiques, environnementaux et politiques. En ce sens, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage du nasa yuwe dans l'espace éducatif du nid linguistique de Tóez Caloto visent non seulement à enseigner la langue, mais aussi, à travers elle, à transmettre la culture nasa. En plus d’autres éléments liés à l'identité qui se construit dans l'imbrication de la vision du monde, de l'histoire, de l'organisation sociale, de la politique et de la vie communautaire. Éléments considérés comme des inséparables dans ce processus, qui vise à laisser derrière eux les sentiments de honte et d'humiliation vécus par les générations précédentes, en créant une relation de bonheur, d'amour et de fierté dans la langue, qui conduira également à la récupération de la valeur des langues indigènes au sein des communautés et des sociétés nationales. / As the causes of the weakening of Nasa Yuwe are multiple, the strategies for revitalization are also varied. The linguistic nest of Tóez Caloto is an example of the many ways to revitalize a language. As well as an example of the factors that influence language transfer, resulting from personal aspects such as trauma related to language use because of physical and psychological abuse, language discrimination, migration, the need to integrate the labor market, and access to school education. Together with community, social, economic, environmental, and political factors. In this sense, the teaching and learning of Nasa Yuwe in the educational space of the linguistic nest of Tóez Caloto aims not only to teach the language, but also, through it, to transmit the Nasa culture. In addition to other elements related to the identity that is built in the interweaving of the world view, history, social organization, politics, and community life. Elements considered inseparable in this process, which aims to leave behind the feelings of shame and humiliation experienced by previous generations, creating a relationship of happiness, love, and pride in the language, which will also lead to the recovery of the value of indigenous languages within communities and national societies.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-10-11T18:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia da Silva.pdf: 1606037 bytes, checksum: f94665f57cbb568c98a7323e5b220a72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T18:37:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia da Silva.pdf: 1606037 bytes, checksum: f94665f57cbb568c98a7323e5b220a72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / La lucha por una educación anti-racista está entre las reivindicaciones de los movimientos sociales negros que culminaron y definieron los programas de acciones afirmativas desarrolladas por el gobierno brasileño, incluyendo alumnos, profesores e instituciones en el ámbito de la educación superior. Esta pesquisa investiga la invisibilidad del profesor negro y negra en la universidad pública brasileña, teniendo como territorio la “Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro- Brasileira (UNILAB)”, creada en 2010, con el propósito de inclusión e integración de alumnos y profesores brasileños y africanos. Para encontrar respuesta para la cuestión central de esta pesquisa, se hizo necesario conocer la historia de vida de seis profesores negros brasileños y africanos que actuaron en la UNILAB, con el objetivo de comprender la trayectoria de los profesores negros y negras, a fin de saber si esa presencia ínfima es producida por el racismo. Además de eso, buscamos saber también si la UNILAB está incluyendo más profesores negros que el promedio nacional de las universidades que no ultrapasan 1%. Nuestra conclusión es que la UNILAB debe mantenerse comprometida y autónoma para dar voz a las demandas de los afro-brasileños y africanos silenciadas por el colonialismo, capitalismo y racismo, produciendo críticas al eurocentrismo el socializando conocimientos emancipadores con base en epistemologías descolonizadoras. / The struggle for an antiracist education has been among the claims of the black social movements that has culminated and defined the affirmative action programs developed by the Brazilian government, including students, professors and institutions in the college education ambit. This research investigates the invisibility the black male and female professor at the Brazilian state-owned university, using as territory the “Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira” (Afro-Brazilian International Lusophony Integration University) UNILAB, founded in 2010, with the purpose of including and integrating Brazilian and African students and professors. In order to find the central question of this research, it was necessary to know the history of the lives of six Brazilian and African male and female professors that acted at UNILAB, with the objective of understanding the path of such professors, as well as to know if this scarce presence is due to racism. Besides that, we are willing to know if UNILAB has been including more black professors than the national average, which don‟t exceed 1%. Our conclusion is that UNILAB must keep itself committed and autonomous to give voice to the Afro-Brazilians and Africans demands, silenced by colonialism, capitalism, and racism, producing critiques to eurocentrism, socializing emancipatory knowledge based on decolonizing epistemologies. / A luta por uma educação antirracista está entre as reivindicações dos movimentos sociais negros que culminaram e definiram os programas de ações afirmativas desenvolvidas pelo governo brasileiro, incluindo alunos, professores e instituições no âmbito da educação superior. Esta pesquisa investiga invisibilidade dos professores (as) negros (as) na universidade pública brasileira, tendo como território a Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), criada em 2010, com o propósito de inclusão de alunos e professores brasileiros e africanos. Para encontrar resposta para a questão central desta pesquisa, fez-se necessário conhecer a história de vida de seis professores negros brasileiros e africanos que atuam na UNILAB, com objetivo de compreender sua trajetória dos professores (as) negros (as) e negras, a fim de saber se essa presença ínfima é produzida pelo racismo. Além disso, buscamos conhecer também se a UNILAB está incluindo mais professores negros que a média nacional das universidades, que não ultrapassa 1,0%. Nossa conclusão é que a UNILAB deve manter-se comprometida e autônoma para dar voz às demandas dos afro-brasileiros e africanos silenciadas pelo colonialismo, capitalismo e racismo, produzindo críticas ao eurocentrismo e socializando conhecimentos emancipatórios com base em epistemologias descolonizadoras.

Au Mexique et plus spécifiquement dans l’Etat du Morelos, les sages-femmes traditionnelles constituent un groupe hétérogène quant à l’origine culturelle et ethnique, aux pratiques thérapeutiques, à la personnalité, à la formation reçue, aux honoraires perçus…. Personnages à la croisée des savoirs, les sages-femmes puisent leurs connaissances dans les traditions médicales náhuatl ; elles ont également reçu une formation académique de la part de la médecine occidentale.Elles pratiquent un panachage de techniques appartenant à des traditions médicales savantes ou populaires aux systèmes de référence a priori opposés. Elles démontrent des capacités d’intégration de connaissances issues de ces différentes traditions. Leur intérêt pour les thérapies dans la mouvance actuelle des médecines dites alternatives dénote aussi leur curiosité d’esprit et la souplesse de leurs pratiques. Au plan thérapeutique, les sages-femmes occupent un espace bien spécifique avec ses caractéristiques propres dans l’accompagnement de la femme au cours du processus de la maternité,de la conception à la période puerpérale. Les bains, les massages, l’alimentation et le remède végétal constituent une de leurs principales ressources thérapeutiques; l’importance de leur pharmacopée varie d’une dizaine à une centaine de plantes. Le système thérapeutique des sages-femmes est fondé sur un invariant : le concept du chaud et du froid. / In Mexico, more specifically in the state of Morelos, traditional midwives compose a heterogeneous group with regards to their cultural and ethnic origins, their therapeutic praxis, their individual personalities, their training, their fees, etc. At crossroads of knowledge sources, midwives draw their competence from Náhuatl medical traditions and benefited from an academic training from occidental medicine as well. They resort to a number of diverse techniques belonging to wise and popular medical traditions which often refer to a priori conflicting systems. Midwives from Morelos demonstrate their capacity to integrate the lore from those different traditions. Their interest towards the therapies relating to the sphere of the present so-called alternative medicines also indicates their openness and the flexibility of their praxis. From a therapeutic point of view, the midwives assume aspecific role with clear characteristics in accompanying women all along the maternity process, from conception to puerperal period. Baths, massage, nutrition and herbal remedies constitute their main therapeutical resources; the range of their pharmacopoeia varies from a dozen to about a hundredplants. The therapeutic system of the midwives is based on the invariant dichotomy of hot and cold.

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se desarrolla el origen, significado y evolución de las máscaras de la diablada puneña, mediante la recopilación de diversas fuentes de información, en donde se rescata el testimonio de artesanos, bailarines y pobladores puneños. La investigación plantea el siguiente objetivo: Diseñar una colección de moda street wear femenina a partir del análisis teórico y visual de las máscaras de la diablada puneña. Respecto al desarrollo de antecedentes, solo se encontraron antecedentes nacionales. Esto se debe porque las máscaras de la diablada puneña, es un tema netamente local. De esta manera, el presente trabajado de investigación se desarrolla en base a artistas peruanos. En el estado del arte, se ha entrevistado a expertos en el tema de investigación propuesto, como mascareros y diseñadores para consolidar la información recogida, la cual ha aportado al desarrollo de definiciones y datos relevantes en el presente trabajo de investigación. Asimismo, en base a la teorización de las máscaras de la diablada puneña, se ha desarrollado un proceso visual con moodboards, prototipos de estructuras y volúmenes. En complemento, se realizo un perfil del usuario, lo que permitió realizar bocetos con la descripción analizada. El resultado final, evidencia una relación entre los elementos de las máscaras de la diablada puneña en el proceso creativo, plasmado en cada indumento propuesto. / In this research work, the origin, meaning and evolution of the masks of the diablada puneña are developed, through the compilation of various sources of information, where the testimony of artisans, dancers and residents of Puno is rescued. The research raises the following general objective: Design a collection of women's street wear fashion based on the theoretical and visual analysis of the masks of the devil from Puno. Regarding the development of antecedents, only national antecedents were found. This is because the masks of the diablada puneña, is a purely local theme. In this way, the present research work is developed based on Peruvian artists. In the state of the art, experts in the proposed research topic, such as mask makers and designers, have been interviewed to consolidate the information collected, which has contributed to the development of definitions and relevant data in this research work. Likewise, based on the theorization of the masks of the diablada puneña, a visual process has been developed with moodboards, prototypes of structures and volumes. In addition, a user profile was made, which allowed making sketches with the analyzed description. The final result shows a relationship between the elements of the masks of the diablada puneña in the creative process, embodied in each proposed outfit. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.