This diploma thesis deals with the characteristic of the corporate culture of the chosen enterprise. Specifically, the thesis focuses on the desirable state of the corporate culture. In the methodology, the criterion of desirable functionality of corporate culture is determined according to the cultural dimensions by G. Hofstede. This criterion requires an enterprise to operate on bases of knowledge economy with focus on new innovative approaches and competitiveness. The data was obtained through three conducted investigations. The first two were closest to the questionnaire survey. The first one was called the "Questionnaire - The Power of Corporate Culture" and the other one was called Values Survey Module 2013 (VSM 2013). The third research was quantitative with qualitative elements - Colour Semantic Differential Test. Finally, changes that can help to move to the entirely desirable state of enterprise culture are proposed.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-09-26T19:20:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Maria Albuquerque Aragão.pdf: 1141036 bytes, checksum: 5f36b736867a0870cda5f24fde2763f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T19:20:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Maria Albuquerque Aragão.pdf: 1141036 bytes, checksum: 5f36b736867a0870cda5f24fde2763f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / We analyze the conceptions of the teachers of the subjects of the fashion area, of the higher technology course in Fashion Design of the Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI), in the Teresina Zona Sul and Piripiri campuses, with the main objective of understanding the teachers' and their perspectives on the cultural and epistemological dimensions of this area in relation to the technical and practical dimension, considering that their conceptions are reflected in their teaching practices, directly implying the formation of the students, future fashion designers for the world of work. We used as a methodological instrument the questionnaire, according to the Likert model, composed mostly of closed questions of objective response and, to a lesser extent, open questions of a subjective nature applied to the teachers of the course, as well as analysis of the documents that guide the technological education in Brazil, such as the CNE / CP no. 292/2002, which deals with the National Curriculum Guidelines at the Technologist Level and the National Catalog of Higher Education Courses developed by the Ministry of Education; we also analyze the pedagogical project of the Higher Course of Technology in Fashion Design of the IFPI in order to understand how the directions about fashion teaching in Brazil are characterized. This research discusses the importance of the cultural and epistemological dimensions of fashion in higher education teaching, proposes the scientific and academic legitimacy of this area and its recognition as a field of knowledge, or area of knowledge, in Brazil. These are urgent measures for your affirmation and growth. In the results, it was verified that the IFPI fashion professors have a vision on this area more focused on the technique, the practices and technologies and very little returns to the cultural and epistemological dimension of fashion. We found that this too technical and technological conception is not restricted to the IFPI teachers and the pedagogical project of the higher technology course in Fashion Design of this institution. This conception is also present in the structuring documents of the technological graduation, in documents of the MEC and CNE, demonstrating that there is a need not only local, but national, of change in the paradigms of technological teaching of fashion in Brazil. / Analisamos as concepções dos professores das disciplinas da área de moda, do curso superior de tecnologia em Design de Moda do Instituto Federal do Piauí (IFPI), nos campi Teresina Zona Sul e Piripiri, possuindo como objetivo central compreender a visão destes docentes acerca do ensino de moda e as suas perspectivas sobre as dimensões cultural e epistemológica desta área em relação à dimensão técnica e prática, tendo em vista que as suas concepções refletem-se nas suas práticas docentes, implicando diretamente na formação dos discentes, futuros designers de moda para o mundo do trabalho. Utilizamos como instrumento metodológico o questionário, de acordo com o modelo Likert, composto, em sua maioria, por questões fechadas de resposta objetiva e, em menor número, por questões abertas de caráter subjetivo aplicado aos docentes do curso, além de análise dos documentos que norteiam a educação tecnológica no Brasil, como o Parecer CNE/CP nº029/2002, que trata das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais no Nível de Tecnólogo e o Catálogo Nacional dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia, elaborado pelo Ministério da Educação; analisamos também o projeto pedagógico do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Design de Moda do IFPI a fim de compreender como se caracterizam os direcionamentos acerca do ensino de moda no Brasil. Esta pesquisa põe em discussão a importância das dimensões cultural e epistemológica da moda no âmbito do ensino da educação superior, propõe a legitimidade científica e acadêmica desta área e seu reconhecimento como um campo do saber, ou área de conhecimento, no Brasil. Estas são medidas urgentes para a sua afirmação e crescimento. Nos resultados, verificou-se que os professores de moda do IFPI possuem uma visão sobre esta área mais voltada para a técnica, as práticas e tecnologias e bem pouco volta à dimensão cultural e epistemológica da moda. Verificamos que esta concepção demasiadamente técnica e tecnológica, não se restringe aos docentes do IFPI e o projeto pedagógico do curso superior de Tecnologia em Design de Moda desta instituição. Esta concepção está presente também nos documentos estruturantes da graduação tecnológica, em documentos do MEC e CNE, demonstrando que há uma necessidade não só local, mas nacional, de mudança nos paradigmas do ensino tecnológico de moda no Brasil.

The discussion of a ‘cultural’ dimension of sustainability has been brought forward in sustainable development and in particular sustainable urban development (SUD) in the last three decades. Despite both an advancement of scientific discourse and advocacy through international organisations, empirical examples discussing explicitly leadership and organisation for implementation of culture in SUD are still rare. Through the lens of leadership and organisation, important questions regarding norms, values and behavior are being addressed that provide the foundation for future development. To advance empirical knowledge in the described field, the thesis takes a look at the city of Malmö in the form of a case study. In Malmö, culture has been assigned an important and all-encompassing role in the city’s organisation and sustainable development plan, manifested through a local policy, the so called ‘Culture Strategy’. This in-depth study aims at understanding the practical application of culture in SUD, given a theoretical framework including the possible roles of culture in SUD and the meanings of creative organisation and leadership in a neoliberal urban context. It is followed by a comprehensive analysis of a range of official documents and eight semi- structured interviews. Asking for the communication of visions and actors’ roles and understandings of culture in relation to practices and organisational structures, the thesis shows that the cultural strategy so far has a dual function as a catalyst and representative for the discussion of culture in SUD. Over-departmentalisation and a lack of communication present hinders for organisational change and the potential of development through learning is not given adequate space and time so far. In conclusion, the municipal organisation must detach from the idea to control, and rather enable ‘spaces’ for diverse actors to collectively employ creativity and allow for an experimental process to unfold.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaTCL_TESE.pdf: 1321975 bytes, checksum: 85938868e178ce96af9ba0466022512b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis aims to discuss on articulations that have been produced on the socio-cultural field in the Psychiatric Reform process and its pertinence to the streghtening of Psychosocial Care Strategy (EAPS) in Fortaleza/CE. Such interest has been justified by the need to promote not only the production of these networks, but also interfaces to enable strategies of support and sociability from the perspective of deinstitutionalization of madness. We were inspired by the cartography perspective of Deleuze e Guattari, and determined as objectives: 1) to discuss the complexity of Psychiatric Reform process and analyze the EAPS as a model for the current Mental Health policy in the country; 2) to map socio-cultural strategies connected to the CAPS network in the city, investigating experiences that already exist or may be constituted as everyday social support networks; 3) from that mapping to start, define and discuss some aspects that converge to the accomplishment for this new mental health paradigm, drawing a cartography of the issues and movements in progress. The mapping was carried out in 2009 and consisted of semi-structured interviews with the coordinators of the 14 existent CAPS and with some people connected to the Coordination of Mental Health. Besides, during the whole development of the study, we have taken part in public events that brought us clues on the connection between mental health and culture. From the survey produced, we defined three vectors for discussion (Art, Labour and Partnership with Social Movements) which have been highlighted as effective possibilities of intervention in the socio-cultural field of Psychiatric Reform in Fortaleza and reveal important paths on the fulfillment process of a new pattern of care. For each of these axes, we chose a field of empirical research (Projeto Arte e Sa?de, COOPCAPS e MSMCBJ) in which we could better understand their strengths and difficulties, starting from open interviews with some of their actors and the production of a diary of sensations in 2010. We have seen that they are articulated with the proposal of EAPS, being part of the concerns to the National Mental Health Policy and also the municipal administration. However, we have noticed to be necessary to promote those dimensions further, focusing on its complexity at the macro and micro policies, with the purpose of leading the Psychiatric Reform process / Essa tese tem como foco discutir acerca das articula??es produzidas no campo sociocultural do processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica e sua pertin?ncia para a consolida??o da Estrat?gia de Aten??o Psicossocial (EAPS) em Fortaleza/CE. Tal interesse justificou-se pela necessidade de promover n?o apenas a produ??o de tais redes, mas tamb?m interfaces que possibilitem estrat?gias de suporte e sociabilidade sob a ?tica da desinstitucionaliza??o da loucura. Inspirados na perspectiva cartogr?fica de Deleuze e Guattari, determinamos como objetivos: 1) debater a complexidade do processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica e analisar a EAPS como modelo para pol?tica atual de sa?de mental do pa?s; 2) mapear as estrat?gias socioculturais ligadas ? rede de CAPS na cidade, examinando as experi?ncias que j? se constituem ou podem vir a se constituir como redes de suporte social cotidianas; 3) a partir deste mapeamento, definir e discutir eixos que convirjam para a concretiza??o deste novo paradigma em sa?de mental, esbo?ando uma cartografia das quest?es e movimentos em curso. O mapeamento, realizado em 2009, constituiu-se por entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores dos 14 CAPS existentes e com algumas pessoas relacionadas ao Colegiado de Sa?de Mental. Al?m disso, durante todo o desenvolvimento do estudo, participamos de eventos p?blicos, que nos dessem pistas das conex?es entre sa?de mental e cultura. A partir do levantamento produzido, definimos tr?s vetores de discuss?o (Arte, Trabalho e Parceria com Movimentos Sociais) que se sobressa?ram como possibilidades efetivas de interven??o no campo sociocultural da Reforma em Fortaleza e indicaram caminhos relevantes no processo de efetiva??o de um novo modelo de aten??o. Para cada um desses eixos, buscamos nos aproximar de um campo emp?rico de investiga??o (Projeto Arte e Sa?de, COOPCAPS e MSMCBJ) no qual pud?ssemos conhecer melhor suas potencialidades e dificuldades a partir de entrevistas abertas com alguns de seus atores e a produ??o de um di?rio de sensa??es no ano de 2010. Vimos que eles est?o articulados com a proposta da EAPS, fazendo parte das preocupa??es da Pol?tica Nacional de Sa?de Mental e tamb?m da gest?o municipal. Contudo, percebemos ser necess?rio fomentar ainda mais tais dimens?es, atentando para sua complexidade tanto no plano macro quanto micropol?tico, no intuito de continuar pondo em movimento o processo de Reforma Psiqui?trica

The topic of this diploma thesis is Corporate Culture and Personnel Activities in a Selected Business. The aim of the thesis is to characterize the corporate culture with the help of specification of its crucial cultural dimensions in connection with the personal activities and proposing changes leading to the desired state in the selected business. The research was carried out at the company of an engineer Jan Hutkay. The thesis is divided into four main parts - literary research, aim and methodology of work, characteristics of the current state in the business and discussion, summarized evaluation and proposals for changes. Literary research is focused on explanation of important terms related to corporate culture and personnel activities. It is followed by the summarization of the aim of the work and the research methods. Quantitative research methods used in the work included the questionnaire survey in the form of the Personnel Activity Questionnaire and the VSM 94 a 2013 tests. Among the qualitative methods used for the purposes of the thesis belong observations, unstructured interviews and Color Semantic Differential Tests were used from qualitative methods. The current situation in the company was characterized by the analysis of the individual questionnaires, which was supplemented with the information obtained through interviews and observations. After a thorough analysis and interconnection of the results of all research methods, it has been found out that corporate culture tends to deserve the dimensions of low power distance, femininity, collectivism, and acceptance of risks and changes. The undesirable resultant dimensions include the short-term business orientation and the dimension of indulgence. The final part of the thesis focuses on designing measures that stabilize the desired cultural dimensions and, above all, change the undesirable cultural dimensions. The results of the personnel activities' questionnaire which identified the main shortcomings and problems were used to suggest specific changes. The introduction of the proposed changes directs the enterprise closer to the knowledge economy, which improves its performance and competitiveness.

Political, economic , technological and social changes that occurred in recent decades have led governments around the world, to implement the Public Administration Management, replacing Public Administration Bureaucratic, which has become obsolete, but it is still widely used. In Brazil, the administrative reform of the State has been implemented since the mid 1990s, along with other structural reforms, bringing with it the promise of efficiency, but also issues related to the change process. This study has the general objective, identify the perception of educations technical workers (TAEs) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), about the characteristics elements of the cultural dimension of Public Administration Management. We list three specific objectives: 1 ) write a history of the models of public administration; 2 ) write a history of public service in Brazil; 3 ) verify the perception of TAEs about characteristics elements of the cultural dimension of Public Administration Management. In terms of methodology, first we conducted a literature review to define the most important concepts, and meet the first and second objectives. Then we use the quantitative method, and the sample survey technique to fulfill the third objective. Sampling was performed by defining a simple random sample, comprising TAES of UFSM, that make up the population studied. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire application, hosted on Google Forms platform, with the access link sent to the email of selected workers. The purpose of the data collection process was to ensure the anonymity of respondents. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results evaluated from the perspective of rational choice theory and logic of collective action. The results from the analysis of the data allows us to conclude that TAE of UFSM is currently a qualified Professional, with higher education to that required for admission to the post. Briefly, we conclude that the characteristics elements of the cultural dimension of Public Administration Management, have a high degree of acceptance among research participants. The percentage of agreement to some degree (partially or fully) the relationship between the searched elements and the efficiency in the public service are between 74,3% and 95,8%. Finally, when asked: I know what the Public Administration Management, 37,2% said they did not know what it is about this administrative model, while the remaining 62,8% said they know. Among these latter, the vast majority also agree to some degree with the implementation of the Public Administration Management in UFSM. / As transformações políticas, econômicas, tecnológicas e sociais, ocorridas nas últimas décadas, têm levado os governos ao redor do mundo, na busca pela eficiência administrativa, a implementar o modelo Gerencial de Administração Pública, em substituição ao modelo Burocrático, que se tornou obsoleto, mas ainda é amplamente utilizado. No Brasil, a reforma administrativa do aparelho do Estado vem sendo implantada desde meados da década de 1990, juntamente com outras reformas estruturais, trazendo consigo a promessa de eficiência, mas também problemas, ligados ao processo de mudança. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral, identificar a percepção dos servidores técnico-administrativos em educação (TAEs) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), quanto aos elementos que caracterizam a dimensão cultural da Administração Pública Gerencial. Para que o objetivo principal do trabalho fosse alcançado, elencamos três objetivos específicos: 1) elaborar um histórico dos modelos de Administração Pública Patrimonialista, Burocrática e Gerencial; 2) elaborar um histórico do serviço público no Brasil; 3) verificar a percepção dos TAEs quanto aos elementos que compõe a dimensão cultural da Administração Pública Gerencial. Em termos metodológicos, primeiramente realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica visando, além da definição dos conceitos mais importantes, o embasamento necessário ao cumprimento dos dois primeiros objetivos. Em um segundo momento, foi utilizado o método quantitativo, e a técnica de levantamento amostral, visando alcançar o terceiro objetivo. A amostragem foi realizada através da definição de uma amostra aleatória simples, composta por TAEs da UFSM, que integram a população estudada. Os dados analisados foram coletados através de aplicação de questionário estruturado, hospedado na plataforma Google Forms, cujo link de acesso foi enviado para o e-mail dos servidores selecionados. Tal processo de coleta de dados visou, além da celeridade no processo, garantir o anonimato dos respondentes. Por fim, os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, e os resultados, avaliados sob a perspectiva da teoria da escolha racional e da lógica da ação coletiva. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise dos dados nos permitem afirmar que o TAE da UFSM é, atualmente, um profissional qualificado, com escolaridade superior à exigida para ingresso no cargo, e que reúne todas as condições para prestar um serviço eficiente e célere, mas que é gerido por uma estrutura administrativa Burocrática deficiente, que não aproveita o potencial humano de que dispõe e que, pelos mecanismos de seu funcionamento, pode desmotivar o trabalhador. Além disso, de forma resumida, podemos dizer que os elementos que compõe a dimensão cultural da Administração Pública Gerencial, e que visam à eficiência e racionalização administrativas, apresentam um elevado grau de aceitação entre participantes da pesquisa. O percentual de concordância em algum grau (parcialmente ou totalmente) com a relação entre os elementos pesquisados e a eficiência no serviço público variam de 74,3% a 95,8%. Finalmente, ao serem confrontados com a assertiva Eu sei o que é a Administração Pública Gerencial, 37,2% disseram não saber do que se trata tal modelo administrativo, enquanto os demais 62,8% afirmaram saber. Dentre, esses últimos, a imensa maioria também concorda em algum grau com a implantação da Administração Pública Gerencial na UFSM.

Sammanfattning Titel:Sjukvårdspersonals syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån organisatorisk- och nationell kultur - En jämförande studie mellan Sverige och Schweiz. Nivå:Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare:Emma Hörnqvist och Sofia Brynte Handledare:Monika Wallmon Datum:Juni 2023   Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att jämföra svensk och schweizisk sjukvårdspersonals syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån organisatorisk och nationell kultur. Detta genomförs utifrån Hofstedes kulturella dimensioner & Competing value framework.   Metod: I studien har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod, där vi genomfört tio semistrukturerade intervjuer och enkäter. Vi valde att använda oss av respondenter som arbetar inom sjukvården men som inte besitter någon ledarroll.    Resultat & slutsats: Resultaten visar på olika faktorer inom nationell- och organisatorisk kultur som påverkar sjukvårdspersonalens syn på arbete och arbetsplats. Schweiz och Sverige uppvisar likheter inom exempelvis vikten av lagar, formaliteter och protokoll för att skapa stabilitet, maskulina drag inom organisationen samt att patientkontakt påverkas av feminina karaktärsdrag. Den största skillnaden mellan länderna är hur medarbetarna behandlas av organisationen. Schweiz fokuserar mer på det anställdas välmående, beskrivet av HR synsättet från CVF, i jämförelse med Sverige.   Examensarbetets bidrag:Studiens teoretiska bidrag grundar sig i vikten att förstå det anställdas syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån nationell- och organisatorisk kultur, oavsett om företaget är vinstdrivande eller inte. Detta påverkar nämligen verksamhetens möjlighet att uppnå gynnsamma resultat. Det praktiska bidraget är att studien visar på en del, av troligtvis många delar, som skulle kunna bidra till framtida utveckling av sjukvården.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning:Vidare forskning kan studera hur existerande konkurrens inom sjukvården påverkar de anställda. Andra kulturella dimensioner kan inkluderas för att se hur det skiljer sig mellan dessa. Vidare studie skulle även kunna studera om liknande mönster kan urskiljas i de andra delarna av Schweiz, andra länder eller specifika avdelningar på sjukhuset, utifrån exempelvis samma teoretiska ramverk.    Nyckelord:Ledarskap, Hofstedes kulturella dimensioner, Competing Value framework, sjukvården, organisationskultur, nationell kultur. / Abstract Title:Healthcare workers' view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational and national culture - A study comparing Sweden and Switzerland. Level:Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration.  Authors:Emma Hörnqvist och Sofia Brynte Supervisor:Monika Wallmon Date:June 2023   Aim:A study aiming to compare Swedish and Swiss healthcare workers' view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational- and national culture. Executed using Hofstede's cultural dimensions & the Competing value framework.    Method:Qualitative methods were used throughout this study, conducting ten semi-structured interviews and surveys. Respondents currently working within the health sector, and not in a leader role of the organization, were chosen.     Results & conclusions:The results reveal factors within national- and organizational culture affecting healthcare workers view on work and work environment. Switzerland and Sweden show similarities regarding the importance of laws, formalities and following of protocol to maintain stability, masculine characteristics within the organization and that interactions with patients are affected by feminine characteristics. The most distinct difference between the countries is how the coworkers are treated by the organization. Switzerland has a noticeable focus on the employees well-being, described using the HR in CVF, in comparison to Sweden. Contribution of the thesis:Our study's theoretical contributions lean on the importance of understanding the employees´ view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational- and national culture. No matter if the organization is revenue driven or not, since it affects the organization´s possibility to achieve favorable results. The practical contribution of the study is based on displaying one, of probably many, parts to factor in when discussing future improvements of the healthcare sector.   Suggestions for future research:Future studies would benefit from examining existing concurrent on the healthcare market and its effect on the employees. Including other cultural dimensions would also be a beneficial addition. Future studies could also examine if similar patterns exist in other parts of Switzerland, in other countries or in specific sectors of the healthcare system, using the same theoretical framework as our study.  Key words:Leadership, Hofstede's cultural dimension, Competing Value framework, healthcare, organizational culture, national culture

Titel: Kulturens modererande effekter på sambandet mellan CSR och CFP Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Ferdous Foroughi och Shabab Hasan Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2019 - juni Syfte: Företagens sociala ansvar (CSR) har utvecklats till ett viktigt ämne både för företag och dess intressenter. Varierande resultat gällande effekten av CSR-insatser på företagsprestanda har tidigare rapporterats. Tidigare studier undersöker och fokuserar på en liten del av CSR med många olösta teoretiska och empiriska frågor till följd av detta. Det har även visats att kultur påverkar beslutsfattandet i synnerhet i relation till CSR. Syftet är därmed att undersöka om nationell kultur har modererande effekter på sambandet mellan CSR och finansiell prestation (CFP) hos börsnoterade bolag i världen.   Metod: Studiens vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkt är positivism med hypotetiskt-deduktiv ansats. En kvantitativ forskningsstrategi används för 3230 börsnoterade företag med data från en femårsperiod 2013 - 2017. Datan baseras på sekundärdata inhämtad från Thomson Reuters Eikon, Världsbanken och Hofstedes kulturindex, vilken analyserats med univariata och bivariata statistiska tester samt multipla regressionsanalyser i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics. Resultat & slutsats: Det finns ett positivt samband mellan CSR och CFP. Nationella kulturer har modererande effekter på det sambandet. Genom att använda Hofstedes kulturdimensioner har det visats att maktdistans (PD), osäkerhetsundvikande (UAI), maskulinitet (MAS) och långtidsorientering (LTO) har negativ modererande effekter, medan individualism (IDV) och tillfredsställelse (IND) har positiv modererande effekter på sambandet mellan CSP och CFP. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar med ny kunskap för att fylla forskningsgapet gällande nationella kulturers modererande effekter på sambandet mellan CSR och finansiell prestation. Studien bidrar på ett värdefullt sätt till både tidigare teori och empiri samt lyfter fram nationella kulturers påverkande roll för företagens finansiella prestation. Förslag till vidare forskning: Det behövs flera liknande studier med andra variabler som kontrollerar och analyserar sambandet. Vidare föreslår vi också att genomföra en liknande studie som även inkluderar icke-börsnoterade bolag, för att omfatta flera länder och dessutom en längre tidsperiod än fem år för att se om nationella kulturer påverkar sambandet på ett annat sätt. Nyckelord:Corporate social responsibility, corporate social performance, corporate financial performance, nationell kultur, Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteori. / Title: Culture’s moderating effects on the relationship between CSR and CFP Level: Student thesis for Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration Authors: Ferdous Foroughi och Shabab Hasan Supervisor: Jan Svanberg Date: 2019 - june Aim: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been developed to become an important subject for both corporates and their stakeholders. Varying results have been reported regarding the effect of CSR initiatives. Prior studies investigate and focus on a small part of CSR with following unresolved theoretical and empirical questions. It has also been shown that culture affects decision making, particularly in relation to CSR. The aim of this study is hence to investigate whether national culture has moderating effects on the relationship between CSR and corporate financial performance (CFP) among listed corporations in the world. Method: A positive research methodology has been applied with a hypothetical-deductive approach. A quantitative research strategy is used for 3230 listed corporations with data from a five-year time period 2013 - 2017. Data is based on secondary data from Thomson Reuters Eikon, World Bank and Hofstedes cultural index, which were analyzed with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses in the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics. Result & Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between CSR and CFP. National cultures have moderating effects on that correlation. Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions, it has been shown that power distance (PD), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), masculinity (MAS) and long-term orientation (LTO) have negative moderating effects, while individualism (IDV) and indulgence (IND) have positive moderating effects on the relationship between CSP and CFP. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes with new knowledge to fill the research gap regarding national cultures’ moderating effects on the relationship between CSR and financial performance. The study contributes in an insightful way to both prior theory and empirical data and emphasizes the role of national cultures on the corporates’ financial performance. Suggestion for future research: Several similar studies are needed with other variables that control and analyze the relationship. Furthermore, we also propose to carry out a similar study that also includes non-listed companies, to include several countries and, moreover, a longer time period than five years to see if national cultures affect the relationship in another way. Keywords:Corporate social responsibility, corporate social performance, corporate financial performance, national culture, Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory.

本研究旨在透過符號學觀點探討Chanel與Dior香水廣告建構的法國文化意涵，並特別針對廣告普遍使用的性別題材，剖析隱藏在廣告符碼中的性別形象，以及文本意義如何被受訪者解讀。對此，本研究援引Hofstede的文化構面理論、廣告的女性形象論述與閱聽人研究，以Chanel與Dior共六支電視廣告為例，一方面進行符號學的文本分析，另一方面執行閱聽人的深度訪談。 研究結果發現，廣告文本的主體是「被解放的」女性，她們並不需要透過刻意裸露或賣弄性感來展現自我風格，更不用引誘或依附男性來定義自我；同時，廣告透過敘事手法與符號的組合，在毗鄰軸上自然化「法國」與「巴黎」這兩個實不相同的符號，建構出具有現代感的「時尚」等縱向跳躍的系譜軸意涵，並在更高層次的表意過程中，與「西方性」等符號結合，擴展成訴諸全球市場的意義指向。 歸納廣告建構的文化意涵，整體呈現「權力距離低」、「低不確定性規避」、「個人主義」、「陰柔」與「短期關係導向」的國家概念；而閱聽人的深度訪談結果也與文本建構的意義相符，屬於優勢解讀。 / This research aims to explore what “French culture” is in perfume commercials of Chanel and Dior from the perspective of Semiotics. In addition to analyzing the “gender image”, which is the principal issue among commercials, this research also seeks to reveal how the audience interprets perfume commercial. Based on the theories of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, gender discourse and audience’s research, this research takes six commercial for example, conducting text-analysis on one hand and interviewing the audience on the other. The result shows that the subject of the texts is “liberated” female. They are independent, confident and characteristic instead of being the object of men. Meanwhile, through narrating and the combination of signs, “France” is to be equalized with “Paris”, representing the meaning of modern “fashion”. At a higher level of signifying, “France” is combined with “Europe” and further with “western world”, indicating the meaning of global market. To summarize the cultural dimensions in the commercials, it implies low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, individualism, femininity and short-term orientation. As for the interpretation of the audience, the result is consistent with the constructive meaning of the texts, which means the audience takes the way of dominant reading.

Ce travail de doctorat a été effectué sous l’encadrement du Professeur Catherine SEMIDOR du laboratoire GRECAU (Groupe de Recherche Environnement Conception Architecturale et Urbaine). Il propose une approche scientifique visant à évaluer les performances réelles des habitats Saoudiens traditionnels et contemporains ainsi que la façon dont ces logements sont perçus par les habitants.L’architecture vernaculaire en Arabie Saoudite a longtemps été considérée comme performante et confortable. Pour la recherche d’une architecture respectueuse du climat dans ce pays il est alors essentiel de se pencher sur les constructions du passé, les comparer avec celles du présent afin de comprendre les forces et faiblesses de chacune des architectures. La présente thèse traitera donc le sujet de deux dimensions fondamentales de l’architecture en Arabie Saoudite, celle qui relève du climat et celle qui relève de la culture, au travers d‘un élément majeur, la satisfaction de l’habitant. Ces deux critères seront complétés d’une étude approfondie sur l’évaluation de l’espace intérieur de l’habitat ainsi que d’une analyse de l’impact du tissu urbain sur le confort dans l’habitat.Une première partie théorique va permettre de définir les principes inhérents à ce travail de recherche et ainsi définir les enjeux de celui-ci. Les notions de confort dans l’habitat et de durabilité seront ainsi développées en expliquant comment le corps humain réagit aux différents facteurs d’ambiances et comment ces mêmes facteurs sont régulés dans les espaces bâtis. Puis nous allons voir comment les villes arabes, et notamment d’Arabie Saoudite se sont transformées dans le temps en même temps que la manière de vivre des saoudiens. Toutes ces théories seront interprétées et mise en situation dans la seconde partie de la thèse avec une étude de cas précis.Une deuxième partie très concrète consistera à définir le cas d’étude, celui-ci sera effectué sur la ville de Djeddah et ses différents types d’habitats majoritaires. Les appartements, les maisons mitoyennes et les maisons isolées seront les trois types d’habitations analysés. Plusieurs sujets seront traités en parallèle pour bien comparer architecture traditionnelle et contemporaine, avec d’une part le niveau d’éclairage naturel et d’une autre les éléments d’ouverture des façades, avec notamment « Le Rowshan » pour le cas de l’architecture traditionnelle. Cette partie de l’étude sera effectuée via trois méthodes d’analyse différentes, l’enquête, l’analyse in situ et la simulation sur outils numériques.- Une enquête spécifique sur la satisfaction du confort physique et socio-culturel des habitants de Djeddah diffusé via les réseaux sociaux.- Une analyse in situ grâce à des mesures effectuées dans les contextes d’architecture vernaculaire et contemporaine avec des enregistreurs spécifiques mesurant la température, l’humidité et la lumière dans les espaces.- Une mise en relation avec des études quantitatives via des simulations numériques sur les principaux facteurs physiques du confort précisés dans la première partie : le rayonnement solaire et l’éclairage naturel à l’intérieur de l’espace bâti.Une conclusion permettra de comprendre comment nous pouvons prendre des leçons du passé quant à la conception d’architectures bio-climatiques en Arabie Saoudite. Nous détaillerons également l’impact de la dimension socio-culturelle sur l’habitat saoudien contemporain. / Vernacular architecture in Saudi Arabia has long been regarded as efficient and comfortable. As to search for sustainable architecture in this country then, it is essential to consider the past constructions in order to understand how it works and learn from it.This PhD work was carried out under the supervision of GRECAU laboratory (Research Group in Environment Architecture and Urban Design) and offers a scientific approach to assess the actual performance of traditional and contemporary habitats and how the locals perceive those.A first theoretical part will help to define the inherent principles in this research and thereof to define issues. Notions of comfort and sustainability in homes will be developed and explain how the human body reacts to different environments factors and how these factors are regulated in built-up areas. Then we'll see how the Arab cities, especially those from Saudi Arabia, have turned in time, as well as the way of life Saudis have.A second part will define a more concrete study case: the city of Jeddah and its major different types of habitats: apartments, attached houses and detached houses. A qualitative study through a survey on the physical and socio-cultural comfort of the inhabitants of this city distributed via social networks, widely used in Saudi Arabia, will be conducted, analysed and put in relation with quantitative studies, via simulations computer about the main physical factors of comfort noticed in the first part: solar radiation and day lighting within the built environment.These simulations will evaluate the rate of solar radiation arriving in the different types of urban patterns of Jeddah city, as well as the comfort of the interior spaces with the radiation transmitted through the opening facades elements, both traditional and contemporary ones, but also the level of natural lighting to suit them. We will see that physical comfort and socio-cultural comfort are related: when physical comfort increases, the socio-cultural comfort decreases, because the Saudis are willing to sacrifice physical comfort to satisfy their need for privacy.Three study cases will be analysed through in-situ measurements during 67 days with specific loggers measuring temperature, humidity and light spaces, as to allow a better understanding of the relationships observed previously.A final explanatory part will understand how we can take lessons from the past about the sustainable architecture design in Saudi Arabia via quantitative and qualitative studies conducted previously.