Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Ribeiro Santiago.pdf: 878683 bytes, checksum: fa92e81737bd959f80db702eef438537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-06 / The present thesis, entitle State of danger: a re-reading under the prism of solidarity, proposes a new understanding of the state of danger, as a defect in the legal business, resulting from the analysis in line with the commandments of social solidarity. For this purpose, the study is composed of seven chapters, namely. In the first chapter, The metamorphosis of modern State as a paradigm of the civil law, there is an analysis, in a introductory, of the context that culminated in the establishment of the Welfare State, and the innovations that this event caused in the Federal Constitution and the Civil Code, emphasizing the social solidarity and the state of danger, listing the major doubts regarding these figures. Already in the second chapter, Legal business and the pillar of the representation of the intent, we discourse, concisely, about the classification of the legal fact, the concept of legal business, their elements of existence, requisites of validity and factors of effectiveness, especially the representation of the intent and their peculiarities. Moreover, the third chapter, State of danger and vices of consent in the era of sociability and ethics, is dedicated to study the generalities of the alluded theme, as well as, XI brief and specifically, the error, malicious fraud, coercion and lesion, providing subsides for drawing a parallel between those defects and the state of danger during the thesis. The fourth chapter, Actual approach of the legal settings of state of danger, deals with the concept of this vice, their essential elements, related institutes, effects, besides bringing allusions about the situation of foreign legislations on that subject, comparing them and the position of the Brazilian legislation. With regard to the fifth chapter, A re-reading of the state of danger thought the optic of the solidarity, we abide by clarifying the content and the nature of the social solidarity, their reflections in the different areas of law, also if this one shall interfere in the comprehension of the state of danger, how it happens and with what consequences. In the sixth chapter, The state of danger in the medical and hospital contracts, we investigate the definition and the most important characteristics of that contractual specie, in addition to the possibility of the incidence of the mentioned vice in these cases, presenting the related doctrine and jurisprudence. In relation to the seventh chapter, Suggestions de lege ferenda, this is a proposal of amendments of the Civil Code about the theme in analysis, from the understanding defended in the present study, culminating in the presentation, in appendix, of a legislative bill. XII Finally, the eighth chapter is a concluding synthesis concerning this theoretical exposition, in which we reaffirm our point of view on the theme. Following that chapter, we ve nominated the bibliographic sources we ve used for the edification of this study / A tese ora exposta, intitulada Estado de perigo: uma releitura sob o prisma da solidariedade, propõe uma nova compreensão do instituto do estado de perigo, enquanto defeito do negócio jurídico, decorrente da sua análise em consonância com os mandamentos da solidariedade social. Nesse desiderato, o trabalho compõe-se de sete capítulos, a saber. No primeiro capítulo, A metamorfose do Estado moderno como paradigma do direito civil, analisa-se, de forma introdutória, o contexto que culminou com a consagração do Estado Social, e as inovações que esse evento ocasionou na Constituição Federal e no Código Civil, em especial na matéria da solidariedade social e do estado de perigo, enumerando as dúvidas acerca de tais figuras. Já no capítulo segundo, Negócio jurídico e o pilar da declaração de vontade, discorremos, resumidamente, acerca da classificação dos fatos jurídicos, conceito dos negócios jurídicos, seus elementos de existência, requisitos de validade e fatores de eficácia, com destaque para a declaração de vontade e suas peculiaridades. Fora isso, o capítulo terceiro, Estado de perigo e vícios do consentimento na era da socialidade e da eticidade, é dedicado ao estudo das noções gerais acerca de tal tema, bem VIII como, sucinta e especificamente, do erro, dolo, coação e lesão, fornecendo subsídios para que se trace um paralelo entre tais defeitos e o estado de perigo no decorrer da tese. O capítulo quarto, Enfoque atual da configuração jurídica do estado de perigo, versa sobre o conceito desse vício, seus elementos essenciais, institutos afins, efeitos, além de alusões à situação de legislações estrangeiras acerca do assunto, comparando-as entre si e com a posição da legislação brasileira. No tocante ao capítulo quinto, Uma releitura do estado de perigo pela ótica da solidariedade, atemo-nos a esclarecer o conteúdo e a natureza da solidariedade social, seus reflexos nas diversas áreas do direito, bem como se esta deve interferir na compreensão do estado de perigo, de que forma e com que consequências. No capítulo sexto, O estado de perigo nos contratos médicos e hospitalares, investigamos a definição e as principais características de tal espécie contratual, assim como a possibilidade de incidência do vício em estudo nesses casos, apresentando a doutrina e a jurisprudência correlatas. Em relação ao sétimo capítulo, Sugestões de lege ferenda, trata-se de uma proposta de alterações do Código Civil sobre o tema em análise, a partir do entendimento defendido no presente estudo, culminando com a apresentação, em apêndice, de um projeto de lei. IX Por fim, o capítulo oitavo é uma síntese conclusiva atinente à presente exposição teórica, na qual reafirmamos nosso posicionamento diante da matéria. Seguindo esse capítulo, colacionamos a lista das fontes bibliográficas utilizadas para a edificação deste trabalho

The health and safety of workers is critically important to all companies, especially those operating in hazardous environments.  Companies typically rely on an array of personal protective equipment to help ensure the safety of their workers, however as technology evolves, a new generation of devices are helping revolutionize the industry.  Wearable technology is now becoming commonplace in both our personal and professional lives.    This study focused on understanding the use of, and attitude towards, various wearable technologies by workers in hazardous environments.  It also explored the change in perception within the workers as these technologies were leveraged and made recommendations for improvement in the future.   A qualitive methodology was applied to understand the people, social, and cultural context.  Participants from industry were interviewed in an inductive and iterative manner, extracting data with an emphasis on the narrative.  Thematic analysis was then utilized to distill the data into Codes, Categories, and ultimately Concepts.   While it became evident that workers had limited personal experience with wearable technology outside of the workplace, they all used it in some manner during their work.  The use of wearable technology was largely motivated by policies and procedures imposed by the companies.  Interestingly, the workers did have an expectation that the user of these devices had a positive impact on their overall safety.  Somewhat surprisingly, the outlook on the future of the technology was not very positive.  There are several opportunities for improvement both to design and implementation of safety related wearable technology, as well as a desire to better leverage artificial intelligence and augmented reality.   Most companies utilize some level of wearable technology to assist in keeping their workers safe.  How workers utilize wearable technology to identify dangerous locations and situations varies greatly from organization to organization, but also between individual workers within any organization.  Although the use of wearable technology within the workplace has been demonstrated to improve safety, the primary motivator for its use is the fact that organization mandate their staff to compliance through policies and standard operating processes. Despite the fact that personal safety should be of utmost importance to any worker, they appear to be so unmotivated to actually utilize the technology available to them that it must be made mandatory through policy.  Within this environment, it becomes very difficult for workers to consider how wearable technology capabilities can be improved in regard to safety-related situational awareness.

Network security has always been an area of priority and extensive research. Recent years have seen a considerable growth in experimentation with biologically inspired techniques. This is a consequence of our increased understanding of living systems and the application of that understanding to machines and software. The mounting complexity of telecommunications networks and the need for increasing levels of security have been the driving factor. The human body can act as a great role model for its unique abilities in protecting itself from external, foreign entities. Many abnormalities in the human body are similar to that of the attacks in wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper presents basic ideas drawn from human immune system analogies that can help modelling a system to counter the attacks on a WSN by monitoring parameters such as energy, frequency of data transfer, data sent and received. This is implemented by exploiting two immune concepts, namely danger theory and negative selection. Danger theory aggregates the anomalies based on the weights of the anomalous parameters. The objective is to design a cooperative intrusion detection system (IDS) based on danger theory. Negative selection differentiates between normal and anomalous strings and counters the impact of malicious nodes faster than danger theory. We also explore other human immune system concepts and their adaptability to Wireless Sensor Network Security.

Aujourd'hui les décideurs se doivent de conduire leur système de production en ayant constamment à l'esprit, la satisfaction de toutes les performances, le coût, le délai mais aussi la qualité, la sécurité et l'environnement (QSE). L'objectif de cette thèse est de montrer l'intérêt de disposer de modèles de référence pour construire, piloter et évaluer un système de production en intégrant les exigences QSE imposées par les différentes normes. Il est donc nécessaire de s'appuyer sur un modèle de référence générique de management des systèmes de production dans lequel on va intégrer les domaines Qualité, Sécurité et environnement et sur un ensemble d'indicateurs spécifiques. Dans un premier temps, après avoir expliqué l'intérêt d'une approche intégrée, nous présenterons notre référentiel QSE, la démarche d'intégration suivie puis le modèle de référence obtenu basé sur la méthode GRAI. Enfin, les indicateurs de référence seront présentés afin de mesurer et piloter la performance QSE.

Défier ou jouer avec la gravité, explorer les profondeurs et mettre sa résistance ou plus simplement son corps à l'épreuve, se mesurer aux éléments naturels en fréquentant des milieux a priori hostiles : autant de formes d'exposition sportive au danger qui fascinent et intriguent à la fois. Ce travail est une exploration des processus d'engagement et de désengagement corporel, envisagés sous leurs aspects épistémiques et empiriques. Deux grandes questions jalonnent ainsi cette analyse : 1) comment concevoir l'engagement corporel, à travers le dialogue et la complémentarité entre schèmes d'intelligibilité ; 2) plus concrètement, comment devient-on pratiquant de telles activités, et pourquoi, un jour, décide-t-on de " raccrocher " ?L'analyse d'une trentaine de récits de sportifs engagés dans des activités de nature " à risque " met en lumière les dynamiques des processus d'engagement, de maintien et de désengagement. Ainsi, si s'engager est rarement le fruit du hasard, il n'est pas davantage celui d'une pure réflexivité. Parfois, l'engagement naît d'expériences et de rencontres imprévisibles. Ce travail conforte par ailleurs les résultats de nombreuses études consacrées aux motivations de ces pratiquants : recherche de sensations, d'autonomie, de performance, émulation subculturelle, etc. Elle s'en distingue cependant en montrant comment ces motifs d'engagement, loin de s'opposer, s'articulent et se complètent de manière systématique. Enfin, après avoir souligné la place cruciale, aux yeux des interviewés, de l'autonomie et de la responsabilité, érigées au rang de véritable éthique, nous montrons à quel point se désengager est chose difficile. Raccrocher tient d'un processus vécu différemment selon qu'il a ou non été préparé.Comprendre l'engagement corporel requiert finalement un élargissement du regard au corps, à la culture, au risque et à la sécurité, à l'autonomie, et plus largement à la responsabilité. L'engagement corporel constitue ainsi un support en parfaite adéquation avec son époque : il mêle, combine et parfois oppose des dynamiques identitaires portées par des dispositions, la réflexivité et les affects.

<p>This study is about inmates, who reflect upon their time in school, their experiences of school and how different things have influenced and affect them later in life. The aim with this study is to examine how different kinds of school related issues have affected the inmates in different ways. The aim is also to look at how school can spot in early years, children within the danger zone and provide for those children, so that they can be helped in different ways and so that they can be able to achieve different in life, not to end up becoming criminals later in life.</p><p>The main questions in this study are:</p><p>How did the chosen inmates experience their time in school?</p><p>Can you by looking at research tell that these persons already in their childhood were children within the danger zone?</p><p>What kind of school related issues could have contributed to a criminal lifestyle later in life?</p><p>The result of this study shows that all five have been children within the danger zone. In all five cases there have been school related issues that have affected those men. Issues such as; truancy, bullying, school defection, difficulties of concentrating and reading- and writing disorders. Issues which are to be seen as issues that could lead to a criminal lifestyle later in life.</p>

This study is about inmates, who reflect upon their time in school, their experiences of school and how different things have influenced and affect them later in life. The aim with this study is to examine how different kinds of school related issues have affected the inmates in different ways. The aim is also to look at how school can spot in early years, children within the danger zone and provide for those children, so that they can be helped in different ways and so that they can be able to achieve different in life, not to end up becoming criminals later in life. The main questions in this study are: How did the chosen inmates experience their time in school? Can you by looking at research tell that these persons already in their childhood were children within the danger zone? What kind of school related issues could have contributed to a criminal lifestyle later in life? The result of this study shows that all five have been children within the danger zone. In all five cases there have been school related issues that have affected those men. Issues such as; truancy, bullying, school defection, difficulties of concentrating and reading- and writing disorders. Issues which are to be seen as issues that could lead to a criminal lifestyle later in life.

L'hémophilie A (HA) est une maladie hémorragique congénitale qui se traduit par un défaut en facteur VIII (FVIII) de la coagulation. Le traitement privilégié des saignements est l'administration de FVIII exogène cependant, 30% des patients développent une réponse anticorps alloimmune contre le FVIII thérapeutique qui inhibe son activité pro-coagulante. L'endocytose du FVIII par les cellules dendritiques (DC) et sa présentation aux lymphocytes T ont été documentées. Cependant, la nature des signaux de danger (SD) responsables de la maturation des DC indispensable à l'initiation de la réponse immunitaire anti-FVIII, est inconnue. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai cherché à identifier l'origine de ces SD et envisagé 3 possibilités: Une origine liée à la structure intrinsèque du FVIII, au contexte inflammatoire avant l'administration de FVIII, ou au contexte inflammatoire généré par l'injection de FVIII. Mes résultats ont montré que le FVIII n'était pas capable d'induire la maturation de macrophages ou d'activer directement le TLR2. J'ai également écarté l'hypothèse d'un état d'activation compensatoire des plaquettes (PLT) dans un organisme privé de FVIII. En revanche, mes travaux ont mis en évidence un rôle des PLT dans l'initiation de la réponse immunitaire anti-FVIII dans le modèle murin d'HA. Mes résultats suggèrent que l'implication des PLT passe par leur activation par la thrombine générée lors de l'administration de FVIII. L'identification des médiateurs de l'inflammation issus de l'activation plaquettaire devrait ouvrir des perspectives thérapeutiques intéressantes dans le contrôle de l'inflammation au moment de l'administration de FVIII, afin de réduire son immunogénicité.

Nevirapine (NVP) can cause serious skin rashes and hepatotoxicity. It also causes an immune-mediated skin rash in rats but not hepatotoxicity. There is strong evidence that the rash is due to 12-hydroxynevirapine (12-OH-NVP), which is further metabolized to a reactive benzylic sulfate in the skin. This could both act as a hapten and induce a danger signal. In contrast, most of the covalent binding in the liver appears to involve oxidation of the methyl group leading to a reactive quinone methide. In this study we examined the effects of NVP and 12-OH-NVP on gene expression in the liver and skin. Both NVP and 12-OH-NVP induced changes in the liver, but the list of genes was different, presumably reflecting different bioactivation pathways. In contrast, many more genes were up-regulated in the skin by 12-OH-NVP than by NVP, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the 12-hydroxylation pathway is involved in causing the rash. Some genes up-regulated by 12-OH-NVP were Trim63, S100a7a, and IL22ra2, etc. Up-regulation of genes such as S100a7a, which is considered a danger signal, supports the danger hypothesis. Up-regulation of genes such as the ubiquitin ligase and Trim63 are consistent with protein-adduct formation. Up-regulation of IL-22ra2 gene suggests an immune response. These results provide important clues to how NVP causes induction of an immune response, in some cases leading to an idiosyncratic drug reaction.

Nevirapine (NVP) can cause serious skin rashes and hepatotoxicity. It also causes an immune-mediated skin rash in rats but not hepatotoxicity. There is strong evidence that the rash is due to 12-hydroxynevirapine (12-OH-NVP), which is further metabolized to a reactive benzylic sulfate in the skin. This could both act as a hapten and induce a danger signal. In contrast, most of the covalent binding in the liver appears to involve oxidation of the methyl group leading to a reactive quinone methide. In this study we examined the effects of NVP and 12-OH-NVP on gene expression in the liver and skin. Both NVP and 12-OH-NVP induced changes in the liver, but the list of genes was different, presumably reflecting different bioactivation pathways. In contrast, many more genes were up-regulated in the skin by 12-OH-NVP than by NVP, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the 12-hydroxylation pathway is involved in causing the rash. Some genes up-regulated by 12-OH-NVP were Trim63, S100a7a, and IL22ra2, etc. Up-regulation of genes such as S100a7a, which is considered a danger signal, supports the danger hypothesis. Up-regulation of genes such as the ubiquitin ligase and Trim63 are consistent with protein-adduct formation. Up-regulation of IL-22ra2 gene suggests an immune response. These results provide important clues to how NVP causes induction of an immune response, in some cases leading to an idiosyncratic drug reaction.