This study is innovative in that it draws together the concepts of suggestion from several cultural groups and develops an inventory to account for variations the occurrence of scale to studies the relatively new area of the effects of suggestion in classrooms and compares effect on personality and academic variables. As new ideas and knowledge become more widespread and accepted by the community and teaching profession, precision in the applications of suggestion in the classroom is being seen as more important. Although new to education, suggestion and similar variations has always been central to influencing behaviour and learning among pastoral, counseling and hypnotherapy fields. Teachers who had experience or influence from those fields or the ideas of Lozanov (1978) or accelerated learning groups were and are more the exception than the rule. However, as new ideas become more influential, the influence of suggestion in is becoming increasingly important in progressive, modern education. A major goal of the study was to provide a valid instrument to compare Chinese and Australian differences and similarities in use of suggestion in learning. It was hoped that such a comparison would provide increased mutual understanding of values, strategies, practices and preferences by teachers and students. A second goal was to develop a causative model that explained the relationships between the measured variables of personality and learning behaviour and suggestion in teaching and learning.. A third aim was to make a comparison on effects and performance of suggestion in teaching and learning in Australian, Chinese and Australian accelerative learning classes. This study examined differences between Australian and Chinese high school Science classrooms in their use of suggestion in teaching and learning. To ascertain the prevalence and types of suggestion in the classroom the 39-item suggestion in teaching and learning (STL) scale was developed and validated v in Year 7, 9, and 11 high school classes in China and Australia. The STL scale categorized suggestion into the following types or subscales: Selfsuggestion, metaphor, indirect non-verbal suggestion, general spoken suggestion, negative suggestion, intuitive suggestion, direct verbal suggestion, relaxation, and de-suggestion. The study involved surveying 344 participants (n=182 female, n=162 male) from four high schools in Australia and China. A further 374 participants (n=108 teachers, n=266 students) from six high schools were surveyed for selecting a Chinese sample in a pilot study. About 284 participants (China: 200 students; Australia: 84 students [includes 8 adults]) were observed for validation of the STL instrument. All subjects and classes were randomly selected and were surveyed and observed for the purpose of scale and model development. The STL scale was found to be capable of distinguishing different types of suggestion within Chinese, Australian, and Australian Accelerative Learning classes. The STL scale was significant as a first scale to measure suggestion in teaching and learning in Australian and Chinese classrooms. Items in the scale were strongly and significantly correlated with other items within the subscales and with the overall scale. Path analytic techniques were used to explain relationships between the STL scale, its subscales, nation, gender and high school students profiles on stress, depression, learning styles and academic grades. Limitations of the study included problems arising from language and cultural differences as well as newness of the scale and the field of study. Recommendations for further study included strengthening aspects of the scale with new items and further qualitative and quantitative studies on the uses of suggestion in academic learning and other forms of change in childhood and adolescence.

Quelle obligation morale peut être désormais pensée et pratiquée, à l’heure du déclin des absolus religieux et des sciences évolutionnistes ? Tel est le problème auquel Jean-Marie Guyau, philosophe français de la fin du XIXème siècle, entend apporter une contribution décisive. Dans ce travail, nous proposons de redécouvrir l’itinéraire logique et chronologique suivi par Guyau pour élaborer sa propre pensée. Celle-ci doit se comprendre comme le dénouement logique d’une problématisation qui passe par l’étude de l’histoire de la philosophie morale. Après avoir élaboré une méthode de commentaire pour l’étude des doctrines passées, Guyau pense pouvoir interpréter l’histoire de la morale comme un antagonisme entre le naturalisme (d’Épicure à Mill et Spencer) et l’idéalisme (d’Épictète à Kant et Fouillée). Une exposition critique détaillée permet à Guyau de montrer les lacunes de chacune de ces traditions : l’idéalisme absolutise ce qui n’est qu’hypothétique ; l’obligation théorisée par le sensualisme est dissoute par cette théorie même ; et l’évolutionnisme, forme ultime que prend la science des mœurs, pense indûment l’avenir sur le modèle du passé. Dès lors, l’obligation ne peut plus être conçue ni comme catégorique ni comme instinctive : elle doit être pensée à partir du principe qui engage le moins de présupposés (la vie), et ne doit plus être considérée comme uniforme mais comme anomique. Partant des prémisses naturalistes, la philosophie de Guyau tente alors d’idéaliser l’existence morale de l’homme ; le principal relais de cet accroissement de la vitalité est l’éducation, dont Guyau reconsidère non seulement le but (la moralisation) mais encore les moyens (la suggestion). / At the time of evolutionist science and the decline of the religious absolute, what moral obligation can be thought and practised nowadays ? Such is the problem Jean-Marie Guyau, a French philosopher of the late 19th century, intends to make a decisive contribution to.In this research work, we suggest rediscovering the logical and chronological route followed by Guyau to elaborate his own thought. This thought has to be understood as the logical outcome of a raised issue which starts by studying the history of moral philosophy.After elaborating a method of comment upon past doctrines, Guyau thinks he can interpret the history of morality as an antagonism between naturalism (from Epicurus to Mill and Spencer) and idealism (from Epictetus to Kant and Fouillée). A thorough scrutiny allows Guyau to show the gaps of each of these traditions : idealism absolutises what is only hypothetical ; the obligation theorized by sensualism is dissolved by this same theory ; as for evolutionism, the ultimate shape taken by the science of customs, its view of the future is wrongfully based on the model of the past. From then on, obligation cannot be conceived either as categorical or as instinctive any more : it must be thought from the principle which involves as few presuppositions (life) as possible, and must not be considered as uniform but anomic any more. Relying on naturalist beginnings, Guyau’s philosophy then tries to idealize the moral existence of Man ; this increase in vitality is mainly handed over through education. Actually, not only does Guyau reconsider its purpose, i-e raising moral standards, but also its means, namely suggestion.

This diploma thesis has the goal of providing the broadest possible acquaintance with the phenomenon of suggestion. It covers various findings regarding the topic of suggestion, across both history and expertise. The author chose this approach to best encompass the multidimensional phenomenon of suggestion. That is why this thesis includes an overview of commonly used, but often misinterpreted terms, explanations of the basic principles of suggestion and the broadness of their use, a historical and geographical excursion regarding the phenomenon, and pointing out suggestion in everyday life. The first to do so in Czech language, the author dissects the cycle of suggestion, as presented by James Rolph, in great detail. To create the cycle of suggestion, manipulation and tricks have been, are being, and will be used. These tactics are close to impossible to track for the academic community, and the therapeutic community should stay far away from employing them. The author also holds a firm stance that hypnosis is just a construct - hypnosis does not exist as a unique state. This stance is supported by the lack of physiological manifestations, which would be exclusive to hypnosis, as well as current neuroscientific findings. Related to this, the author examines the controversial state vs. non-state...

La recherche d'informations s'intéresse, entre autres, à répondre à des questions comme: est-ce qu'un document est pertinent à une requête ? Est-ce que deux requêtes ou deux documents sont similaires ? Comment la similarité entre deux requêtes ou documents peut être utilisée pour améliorer l'estimation de la pertinence ? Pour donner réponse à ces questions, il est nécessaire d'associer chaque document et requête à des représentations interprétables par ordinateur. Une fois ces représentations estimées, la similarité peut correspondre, par exemple, à une distance ou une divergence qui opère dans l'espace de représentation. On admet généralement que la qualité d'une représentation a un impact direct sur l'erreur d'estimation par rapport à la vraie pertinence, jugée par un humain. Estimer de bonnes représentations des documents et des requêtes a longtemps été un problème central de la recherche d'informations. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer des nouvelles méthodes pour estimer les représentations des documents et des requêtes, la relation de pertinence entre eux et ainsi modestement avancer l'état de l'art du domaine. Nous présentons quatre articles publiés dans des conférences internationales et un article publié dans un forum d'évaluation. Les deux premiers articles concernent des méthodes qui créent l'espace de représentation selon une connaissance à priori sur les caractéristiques qui sont importantes pour la tâche à accomplir. Ceux-ci nous amènent à présenter un nouveau modèle de recherche d'informations qui diffère des modèles existants sur le plan théorique et de l'efficacité expérimentale. Les deux derniers articles marquent un changement fondamental dans l'approche de construction des représentations. Ils bénéficient notamment de l'intérêt de recherche dont les techniques d'apprentissage profond par réseaux de neurones, ou deep learning, ont fait récemment l'objet. Ces modèles d'apprentissage élicitent automatiquement les caractéristiques importantes pour la tâche demandée à partir d'une quantité importante de données. Nous nous intéressons à la modélisation des relations sémantiques entre documents et requêtes ainsi qu'entre deux ou plusieurs requêtes. Ces derniers articles marquent les premières applications de l'apprentissage de représentations par réseaux de neurones à la recherche d'informations. Les modèles proposés ont aussi produit une performance améliorée sur des collections de test standard. Nos travaux nous mènent à la conclusion générale suivante: la performance en recherche d'informations pourrait drastiquement être améliorée en se basant sur les approches d'apprentissage de représentations. / Information retrieval is generally concerned with answering questions such as: is this document relevant to this query? How similar are two queries or two documents? How query and document similarity can be used to enhance relevance estimation? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to access computational representations of documents and queries. For example, similarities between documents and queries may correspond to a distance or a divergence defined on the representation space. It is generally assumed that the quality of the representation has a direct impact on the bias with respect to the true similarity, estimated by means of human intervention. Building useful representations for documents and queries has always been central to information retrieval research. The goal of this thesis is to provide new ways of estimating such representations and the relevance relationship between them. We present four articles that have been published in international conferences and one published in an information retrieval evaluation forum. The first two articles can be categorized as feature engineering approaches, which transduce a priori knowledge about the domain into the features of the representation. We present a novel retrieval model that compares favorably to existing models in terms of both theoretical originality and experimental effectiveness. The remaining two articles mark a significant change in our vision and originate from the widespread interest in deep learning research that took place during the time they were written. Therefore, they naturally belong to the category of representation learning approaches, also known as feature learning. Differently from previous approaches, the learning model discovers alone the most important features for the task at hand, given a considerable amount of labeled data. We propose to model the semantic relationships between documents and queries and between queries themselves. The models presented have also shown improved effectiveness on standard test collections. These last articles are amongst the first applications of representation learning with neural networks for information retrieval. This series of research leads to the following observation: future improvements of information retrieval effectiveness has to rely on representation learning techniques instead of manually defining the representation space.

La recherche porte sur les collectifs sectaires contemporains et la participation psychique singulière de l’adepte au sein du collectif. Après avoir déconstruit l’idée de manipulation mentale et d’une emprise transitive du gourou à l’égard de l’adepte, nous interrogeons, par la rencontre clinique (d’adeptes et d’ex-adeptes) et le paradigme du transfert qui s’en déduit, les enjeux psychiques du lien sectaire de l’adepte. Nous soutenons que la notion d’adepte, empruntée à la sociologie des religions, est impropre à indexer avec justesse une spécificité psychique du vécu d’emprise. En réponse aux approches psycho-victimologiques, les conditions de possibilité d’un discours non traumatique sont également explorées dans les rapports du sujet de l’individu avec le sujet du collectif. La thèse vise in fine l’écriture logique de la (ou des) discursivité(s) sectaire(s). / This research is about contemporary cults and the singular psychological involvement of the cult follower. After having deconstructed the notion of mind manipulation and the idea of a transitive control of the guru toward his/her follower, the author examines the psychological issue of the cult social link, by means of clinical encounters (with current or former followers) and within the paradigm of transference. The author shows that the notion of “cult follower”, which is borrowed from the sociology of religions, is inappropriate to indicate accurately the psychological specificity of the cult experience. In response to the victimological approaches, the conditions of possibility of a non-traumatic discourse are investigated within the relations between the individual subject and the collective subject. In fine, the thesis aims at the writing of the inherent logic of the cult discursivity(ies).

Dans le présent travail, nous proposons qu'un aperçu plus clair de l'interaction entre la suggestion hypnotique et l'attention aiderait à établir le point précis du chronogramme perceptif auquel les effets de l'hypnose interviennent, comment modulent-ils exactement le contrôle cognitif et dans quelle mesure la réponse hypnotique dépend-elle des ressources attentionnelles. Afin de répondre à ces questions expérimentales, nous avons développé trois projets de recherche: (1) les données normatives sur notre traduction en français pour l'Échelle de Susceptibilité Hypnotique de Groupe Harvard, (2) une évaluation des effets de la suggestion posthypnotique sur l'attention visuo-spatiale et (3) une évaluation sur la capacité de la suggestion hypnotique de moduler l'allocation automatique de l'attention accordée par le Anger Superiority Effect. Les résultats de notre première étude nous ont permis de noter avec fiabilité la susceptibilité hypnotique de plus de 500 participants pour les études qui ont suivi. Les résultats de notre deuxième étude indiquent que, pour les participants hautement susceptibles, la suggestion posthypnotique a perturbé avec succès les mécanismes d'attention précoce nécessaires à la stimulation de l'amorçage, ainsi que des jugements de visibilité subjectifs tardifs. Notre troisième étude a révélé que, grâce à une suggestion hypnotique, les participants hautement hypnotizables ont pu empêcher l'allocation automatique de l'attention vers des expressions de colère par un découplage stratégique du contrôle cognitif, mais seulement lorsque les ressources attentionnelles n'avaient pas été cooptées par des processus concurrents. Ensemble, nos résultats appuient les idées selon lesquelles l'hypnose émet ses effets grâce au contrôle cognitif, qui peut perturber les mécanismes attentionnels précoces et tardifs de manières distinctes et que la disponibilité des ressources attentionnelles détermine l'éventail d'action de l'induction et de la suggestion hypnotiques / In the present work, we posit that a clearer outline of the interaction between hypnotic suggestion and attention would help establishing the precise point in the perceptual timeline at which hypnosis effects intervene, how exactly do they modulate cognitive control, and to what extent is hypnotic responding dependent on attentional resources. In order to tend to these experimental questions, we developed three research projects: (1) the normative data on our French translation for the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, (2) an evaluation of the effects of posthypnotic suggestion on visuospatial attention, and (3) an evaluation on the capability of hypnotic suggestion to modulate the automatic attention allocation granted by the anger-saliency effect. The results from our first study allowed us to reliably score the hypnotic susceptibility of over 500 participants for the studies that ensued. Results from our second study indicated that for highly susceptible participants, posthypnotic suggestion successfully disrupted the early attentional mechanisms necessary for the fostering of priming, as well as late subjective visual awareness judgments. Our third study revealed that, through hypnotic suggestion, highly susceptible participants were able to deflect automatic attention allocation towards targets’ task-irrelevant angry features through strategic decoupling of cognitive control, but only when attentional resources were not coopted by competing processes. Pooled together, our findings support the ideas that hypnosis enacts its effects through cognitive control, that these can disrupt both early and late attentional mechanisms in distinct manners, and that the availability of attentional resources determines the range of action of hypnotic induction and suggestion

In 21st century, the constant development in economy promotes the expanding advancement of science and technology. In the global range, mobile payment has witnessed continuous expanding and application in a wider range of situations, which is considered to be one of the most potential industries in the world. However, as has been noticed by researchers, the popularity of mobile payment is limited to people of certain age groups, different areas, countries and other factors. And compared to former research, this thesis is based on the background of that all the technology including mobile technology, intelligent phones, network and many other aspects in our lives have developed much these years, the collected data and results in this thesis can reflect the newest feeling and opinion about mobile payment. Therefore, in order to find out factors which influence the usage intention of using mobile payment in this modern society, qualitative method was used in this research. By observing and interviewing the participants from different age, countries and gender, the research finds out the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, perceived risks, situations, reliance are the main factors which influence the people’s usage intention of mobile payment. Moreover, based on the analysis of factors of usage intention, useful suggestions has been given to help mobile payment providers widespread application of mobile payment and offer more convenient payment environment to users.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Daniel dos Santos.pdf: 1671061 bytes, checksum: b1b6932332dc1d25cd8dcf12f4f7b552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-30 / The present study has had as goal the application and valuation of a suggestion of reading and writing teaching, for students with a history of scholar failure, and that attend the education for young and grown-ups at a private school of the city of São Paulo. The teaching was applied to 11 participants (partakers), during the normal period of class, in the collective context. After the valuation of the previous repertories of reading and writing, the teaching of words programming, formed by simple and complex syllables was applied. The training, accomplished with help of Master software, and consisting of relations among dictated words (A) figures (B) and written words (C) of relations among (written and dictated) words and letters (relations entitled CE and AE) of relation between written syllables and letters (relation entitled CEsyllables). The taught relations were: AB, BC, CB, AC, CE, CE-syllables and AE. After training of different relations tests were given in order to verify if it would emerge the not trained relations CD (expressive reading) and AF (manuscript writing). Tests of reading and writing generalization also were accomplished as well as of words composite by simple and complex syllables and with phrases. The results revealed that the teaching programming improved the performance of all participants since all of them presented generalized reading and writing of words and greater number also presented generalized reading of phrases; while in writing phrases the results indicated that all the participants have iniciated the process of acquisition of this repertory. The results signalized that the proposal of teaching has been efficient specially for reading repertory; if before the teaching the participants in their most, were not able to read at lest words, after the teaching, all of them have done the correct reading words, and also, most of them began reading phrases. Nevertheless, concerning the writing repertory, the positive effect was more restricted, since the participants have gotten to improve writing of words, showing yet difficulty of writing phrases. However not having gotten the domain of reading phrases, the improvement occurred with those that participated, show clearly that the reading and writing teaching, by means of conditional discrimination together with the use of Educative Software is efficient and may be applied to those students that attend the course of EJA / O presente estudo teve por objetivos a aplicação e a avaliação de uma proposta de ensino de leitura e de escrita a alunos com história de fracasso escolar, que freqüentam a Educação de Jovens e Adultos em uma escola particular da cidade de São Paulo. O ensino foi aplicado a 11 participantes, durante o período regular de aula, em contexto coletivo. Após a avaliação dos repertórios prévios de leitura e de escrita, aplicou-se a programação de ensino de palavras formadas por sílabas simples e complexas. O treino, realizado com o auxílio do software MestreÒ, consistiu de relações entre palavras ditadas (A), figuras (B) e palavras escritas (C), de relações entre palavras (escritas e ditadas) e letras (relações denominadas CE e AE), e de relação entre sílabas escritas e letras (relação denominada CE-sílabas). As relações ensinadas foram: AB, BC, CB, AC, CE, CE- sílabas e AE. Após o treino das diferentes relações, foram conduzidos testes para verificar se emergiam as relações não treinadas CD (leitura expressiva) e AF (escrita manuscrita). Também foram realizados testes de generalização de leitura e de escrita, tanto de palavras, compostas por sílabas simples e complexas, quanto de frases. Os resultados mostraram que a programação de ensino melhorou o desempenho de todos os participantes, pois todos apresentaram leitura e escrita generalizada de palavras, sendo que a maioria apresentou, também, leitura generalizada de frases; já, na escrita de frases, os resultados indicaram que todos os participantes iniciaram o processo de aquisição desse repertório. Os resultados indicaram que a proposta de ensino foi eficaz especialmente para o repertório de leitura; se antes do ensino os participantes, em sua maioria, não conseguia ler sequer palavras, após o ensino todos realizaram a correta leitura de palavras, sendo que a maioria passou a ler também frases. Porém em relação ao repertório de escrita o efeito positivo foi mais restrito, já que os participantes conseguiram melhorar a escrita de palavras, apresentando ainda dificuldade na escrita de frases. Embora não tenham atingido domínio na escrita de frases, a melhora ocorrida com todos os participantes evidencia que o ensino de leitura e de escrita, por meio de discriminações condicionais e com uso de software educativo, é eficiente e pode ser aplicado a alunos que freqüentam o curso de EJA

<p>This Master’s Thesis within the area computer security concerns ”Computer viruses: The threat today and the expected future”. </p><p>Firstly, the definitions of computer virus and the related threats are presented; Secondly, current situation of computer viruses are discussed, the working and spreading mechanisms of computer viruses are reviewed in details, simplistic attitude of computer world in computer virus defence is analyzed; Thirdly, today’s influencing factors for near future computer virus epidemics are explained, then it further predicts new possible types of computer viruses in the near future; Furthermore, currently available anti-virus technologies are analyzed concerning both advantages and disadvantages; Finally, new promising trends in computer virus defence are explored in details.</p>

Taiwan's small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role to promote economic development. White paper on small and medium enterprises in Taiwan, 2004 indicated SMEs¡¦ numbers is 97.83% of whole industry. So SMEs is the main force in Taiwn¡¦s industry. According to National Science Council review SMEs in Taiwan engage in R¡®D activities facing the captial and technological barriers, and the percentage that accept government subsidy is 13%(National Science Council, 2000). The Deptartment of Industrial Technology (DOIT) of Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), launched Taiwan's SBIR promoting program, mostly referred to the SBIR US version, in 1999 in order to encourage local start-up companies pursuing innovative research of industrial technologies and products. Rothwell & Zegveld (1982) research government innovation policy include technology and industry policy, classify three composes:Supply, Demand, and Environmential policy. In government R&D subsidy policy system can be distinguished to R&D procurement(Demand) and directive subsidy(Supply). The study compare to other country¡¦s R&D subsidy policy and refer to business technology strategy. The study uses the interview method to analyze the policy awareness of SMEs and confer the policy influence of SBIR subsidy policy. So far as bring up the suggestion of government R&D subsidy policy. Through interview analysis, SMEs represent in the beginning of R&D activities always face capital shortage and need technological assistance. The study propose government carry out R&D subsidy should replace monitoring control for concilling system. Government can match up national industry development way to alliance industry engage in specific R&D activity by government R&D subsidy policy. To sum up government can weighted the Demand and Supply side innovation policy to cooperate R&D subsidy policy system. So that government R&D subsidy policy can look after both side by stimulating SMEs innovation generality and promote national technology level to reach the full-scale policy achievements.