Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Na meer as veertig jaar het Suid-Afrika 'n nuwe politieke bedeling wat veranderde wetgewing in die vooruitsig stel. 'n Oorweging van 'n dekriminaliseringsbeleid vir die gebruik van dagga, beskou teen die agtergrond van 'n toename in emstige misdaad soos moord, gewapende roof, taxigeweld en verkragting, weerspieel die realiteite van vandag se oorweldigende misdaadprobleem in Suid-Afrika. Een van die belangrikste take van die kriminoloog is om misdaad te omskryf sodat 'n beleid voorgeskryf kan word wat die strafregsplegingstelsel van hulp kan wees om uiteindelik misdaad te verminder of, meer realisties, meer doeltreffend te beheer. Die omskrywing daarvan is egter nie so eenvoudig nie vanwee die kompleksiteit van die mensdom. Inhierdie studie is 'n meningsopname gebruik van sowel jeugdiges, die toekomstige beleidmakers en algemene daggagebruikers, as kenners op die gebied van dwelmrehabilitasie en -beheer, ten einde die wenslikheid van 'n dekriminaliseringsbeleid te beoordeel. Empiriese data van beide groepe (die wetsgehoorsame en die wetsverbrekende) is vir die voorwaardelike steun vir die wetlike beheer van daggagebruik versamel, met die verskil dat eerste- en eksperimentele daggagebruikers wat geen antler misdaadrekord het of by enige misdaadbedrywighede betrokke is, nie 'n misdaadrekord moet kry nie. Die respondente het dus die behoud van strafmaatreels ondersteun, maar met 'n de facto-dekriminalisasie deur middel van nie-toepassing van die wet. Die respondente is van mening dat 'n verslapping van die huidige dwelmwetgewing tot 'n toename in misdaad aanleiding sal gee. Die respondente betwyfel egter die doeltreffendheid van die kriminele regstelsel. Hulle is selfs van mening dat die SAPD nie in staat is om die probleem te bekamp solank die middel in aanvraag is nie. Die studie beklemtoon verder die kompleksiteit en dikwels teenstrydige opvattings ten opsigte van dekriminalisasie ten einde te illustreer hoe moeilik dit is om 'n staatsbeleid daarop te skoei. / After more than forty years, South Africa has a new political dispensation with prospective new legislation. The consideration of a policy of decriminalization for the use of dagga, seen against the background of an increase in serious crimes such as murder, armed robbery, taxi violence and rape, reflects the realities of the current overwhelming crime problem in South Africa. One of the most important tasks of the criminologist is to describe crime in order to facilitate the system of administration of criminal justice in the diminishing of, or more realistically, better control of crime. The description thereof is, however, not simple due to the complexity of humanity. In this study an opinion survey of both youths as the future policy makers and most common users of dagga, and specialists in the field of drug rehabilitation and control was used, in order to determine the expedience of a policy of decriminalization. Empirical data was obtained from both groups (the law abiders and the law-breakers) for the conditional support of legislative control of dagga use, with the exception that first and experimental users with no criminal record or history of criminality should not be subjected to a criminal record. The respondents therefore supported the retention of punitive measures, but with a defacto-decriminalization by way of non­ enforcement of the law. The respondents were of the opinion that the relaxation of the present drug legislation would lead to an increase in crime. The respondents doubt the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, however, they are of the opinion that the SAPS would never be able to combat the problem as long as a demand for the drug continues to exist. The study further emphasizes the complexity and often diverse conceptions of decriminalization in order to illustrate how difficult it is to base a state policy on these conceptions. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Kriminologie)

Esta pesquisa tem como hipótese o fato de que a atuação do Direito administrativo sancionador contemporâneo no Brasil aproxima este ramo da realização do Direito de intervenção. Esta aproximação é interessante por permitir visualizar o Direito de intervenção, enquanto alternativa para conter o processo de expansão do Direito penal, como caminho possível a ser seguido no país. Para isso, a proposta de Hassemer é problematizada em muitas de suas facetas. Assim, considerou-se a zona intermediária entre os Direitos penal e administrativo sancionador para delimitar esta possível experiência prática do Direito de intervenção. Esta zona intermediária caracteriza-se pelo movimento de expansão do Direito penal marcado pela flexibilização de regras de imputação, e ampliação do número de leis penais e de sujeitos puníveis, incorporando lógicas preventivas características do Direito administrativo sancionador e pelo processo de agravamento das sanções administrativas, que provoca a intersecção de áreas, com a consequência da dupla previsão sancionadora para a mesma conduta. Duas leis e um caso práticos são trazidos para exemplificar este movimento. / This research has as its hypothesis the fact that the manifestations of sanctioning administrative law in Brazil are begetting the real implementation of the law of interventions. The relevance of this question is our aim to frame the law of interventions as a concrete alternative against the process of expansion of criminal law going on nowadays. To do that, the proposal of Hassemer is taken in its various dimensions. I considered an intermediary zone between criminal law and sanctioning administrative law as the space of this hypothetical implementation of the law of interventions. This intermediary zone is characterized by the expansionist movement of criminal law marked by the flexibilization of accountability rules, growing number of new laws and offenders liable for punishment, incorporating a preventive logic that belongs to the sanctioning administrative law and by the harshening of the process of administrative sanctions. This intersection between areas causes the double repression and sanctioning of the same action. Two laws and one case study are brought to fore to be used as examples of this movement, and the real implementation of the law of interventions.

Artwork / Streetlives is a community-based, arts-informed, research project which addresses harm reduction amongst street youth in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Nine street-involved participant researchers (supported by a team of researchers and community organizations) used art making and storytelling as ways of understanding the risks specific to street-involved youth in Thunder Bay. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the participant researcher group and a majority of Aboriginal research participants, a novel approach was used to create principles of research collaboration, in pursuit of the principles of ownership, control, access and possession for ethical research with Aboriginal peoples. The participant researchers found that their most common experience was their vulnerability to governmental social services and law enforcement personnel and policies. They further agreed that the risk of losing their children to child protection services is a source of increased vulnerability and a barrier to accessing treatment. They all agreed that the process of art making was fruitful and were surprised by the clarity and evocative nature of their artwork, finding that meeting weekly to do art is gratifying and therapeutic. They were interested to discover that the art they created, just by telling their stories, contained strong prevention messages they would have been influenced by as younger people. As such the participants want to continue making art, and showing their work, particularly to young people, social service providers, and law enforcement officers, who they think are in the best position to learn from it. This project is building capacity in the community (by teaching artmaking, group work, organizing, critical thinking, and presentation skills), is contributing to scholarship, and significantly and positively impacting the lives of the participant researchers. This work is represented in traditional academic prose and as collaborative fiction.

Artwork / Streetlives is a community-based, arts-informed, research project which addresses harm reduction amongst street youth in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Nine street-involved participant researchers (supported by a team of researchers and community organizations) used art making and storytelling as ways of understanding the risks specific to street-involved youth in Thunder Bay. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the participant researcher group and a majority of Aboriginal research participants, a novel approach was used to create principles of research collaboration, in pursuit of the principles of ownership, control, access and possession for ethical research with Aboriginal peoples. The participant researchers found that their most common experience was their vulnerability to governmental social services and law enforcement personnel and policies. They further agreed that the risk of losing their children to child protection services is a source of increased vulnerability and a barrier to accessing treatment. They all agreed that the process of art making was fruitful and were surprised by the clarity and evocative nature of their artwork, finding that meeting weekly to do art is gratifying and therapeutic. They were interested to discover that the art they created, just by telling their stories, contained strong prevention messages they would have been influenced by as younger people. As such the participants want to continue making art, and showing their work, particularly to young people, social service providers, and law enforcement officers, who they think are in the best position to learn from it. This project is building capacity in the community (by teaching artmaking, group work, organizing, critical thinking, and presentation skills), is contributing to scholarship, and significantly and positively impacting the lives of the participant researchers. This work is represented in traditional academic prose and as collaborative fiction.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Criminology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-305).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Kikuchi .pdf: 1076658 bytes, checksum: 564ed0a400b82f7a734cb0bda3a892d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / This thesis aims to present an analysis of the relationship between religion and politics from a gender perspective, aiming to show how the relationship between church and state legitimizes sexual inequalities present in Brazilian society. This analysis seeks to highlight how political practices of the country have undermined the possibility of expansion of reproductive rights due to historical influence of the Catholic worldview regarding sexual morality. This religious influence, as regards the extension of public policies for reproduction, adversely affects the lives of women, particularly poor women and hurts the secular character of the Brazilian State. In this sense , the dissertation also highlights the situation is looking features the work of Catholics for a Free Choice, a possibility of political action and theoretical contribution, which is against the radical discourse on abortion arising from the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and is shared by fundamentalist sectors of other Christian denominations. Catholics for a Free Choice aims to build a feminist ethical-theological discourse to support the decriminalization of abortion and the right of women to decide about their reproductive lives without suffering any hindrance or discrimination for their decisions. / A presente dissertação procura apresentar uma análise sobre a relação entre política e religião numa perspectiva de gênero, com o objetivo de evidenciar de que maneira a relação entre Igreja e Estado legitima as desigualdades sexuais presentes na sociedade brasileira. Essa análise procura demonstrar/ressaltar como as práticas políticas do país tem prejudicado a possibilidade de ampliação dos direitos reprodutivos devido à influência histórica da cosmovisão católica no que se refere à moral sexual. Essa influência religiosa, no que diz respeito à ampliação das políticas públicas para a reprodução, afeta negativamente a vida das mulheres, principalmente as mulheres pobres e fere o caráter laico do Estado brasileiro. Neste sentido, a dissertação, além de evidenciar esta situação, procura apresentar no trabalho da organização Católicas pelo Direito de Decidir, uma possibilidade de atuação política e teórica, que se posiciona contra o discurso radical sobre o aborto advindo da hierarquia da Igreja Católica e que é compartilhado por setores fundamentalistas de outras denominações cristãs. Católicas pelo Direito de Decidir têm como objetivo a construção de um discurso ético-teológico feminista de apoio a descriminalização do aborto e pelo direito das mulheres decidirem sobre a sua vida reprodutiva sem sofrerem nenhum tipo de impedimento ou discriminação por suas decisões.

Submitted by CLAYTON EZEQUIEL DOS SANTOS null (claytoncaps@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T02:24:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese capa dura definitivo.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-02T18:26:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ce_dr_assis.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T18:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ce_dr_assis.pdf: 7816021 bytes, checksum: 0bf6ccee1474d4b0e423d8317b0d20bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Este trabalho realizou um estudo exploratório das políticas e práticas de cuidado da rede portuguesa de atendimento dos comportamentos aditivos e dependências. Teve como objetivo identificar possíveis contribuições para a inovação das práticas em saúde na rede de cuidado do pesquisador e produzir uma reflexão sobre as políticas públicas em curso no Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada nos serviços e projetos da Divisão de Intervenção nos Comportamentos Aditivos e nas Dependências da Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. O trabalho de campo foi constituído de observações participantes registradas em diário de campo e entrevistas. A análise qualitativa do trabalho de campo teve como parceiros os autores da metodologia da Pesquisa Social. Os resultados da análise do trabalho de campo demonstraram a importância de as ações no contexto brasileiro serem menos identificadas com a Saúde Mental, a necessidade de diversificar os locais de intervenção e atuar com outras populações fora do registro das dependências. A descriminalização do porte e uso de drogas precisa ser acompanhada da implementação de políticas públicas para ampliação do acesso aos usuários e diversificar os serviços e projetos da rede de cuidado. / This work carried out an exploratory study of the policies and practices of care at the Portuguese assistance network on the addictive behaviours and dependencies. It aimed to identify possible contributions to the innovation of health practices at the care network of the researcher and to produce a reflection about the public policies underway in Brazil. The research was carried out on the services and projects of the Intervention Division on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies of the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. The field research was built of participatory observations registered in field diary and interviews. The qualitative analysis of the field research had as partners the authors of the Social Research methodology. The results of the field research analysis demonstrated the importance of actions in the Brazilian context being less identified with Mental Health, the need to diversify the intervention sites and to work with other populations outside the registry of dependencies. The descriminalization of use and drug possession needs to be follow by the implementation of public policies to increase access to users and to diversify the services and projects of the care network.

Esta pesquisa tem como hipótese o fato de que a atuação do Direito administrativo sancionador contemporâneo no Brasil aproxima este ramo da realização do Direito de intervenção. Esta aproximação é interessante por permitir visualizar o Direito de intervenção, enquanto alternativa para conter o processo de expansão do Direito penal, como caminho possível a ser seguido no país. Para isso, a proposta de Hassemer é problematizada em muitas de suas facetas. Assim, considerou-se a zona intermediária entre os Direitos penal e administrativo sancionador para delimitar esta possível experiência prática do Direito de intervenção. Esta zona intermediária caracteriza-se pelo movimento de expansão do Direito penal marcado pela flexibilização de regras de imputação, e ampliação do número de leis penais e de sujeitos puníveis, incorporando lógicas preventivas características do Direito administrativo sancionador e pelo processo de agravamento das sanções administrativas, que provoca a intersecção de áreas, com a consequência da dupla previsão sancionadora para a mesma conduta. Duas leis e um caso práticos são trazidos para exemplificar este movimento. / This research has as its hypothesis the fact that the manifestations of sanctioning administrative law in Brazil are begetting the real implementation of the law of interventions. The relevance of this question is our aim to frame the law of interventions as a concrete alternative against the process of expansion of criminal law going on nowadays. To do that, the proposal of Hassemer is taken in its various dimensions. I considered an intermediary zone between criminal law and sanctioning administrative law as the space of this hypothetical implementation of the law of interventions. This intermediary zone is characterized by the expansionist movement of criminal law marked by the flexibilization of accountability rules, growing number of new laws and offenders liable for punishment, incorporating a preventive logic that belongs to the sanctioning administrative law and by the harshening of the process of administrative sanctions. This intersection between areas causes the double repression and sanctioning of the same action. Two laws and one case study are brought to fore to be used as examples of this movement, and the real implementation of the law of interventions.

The aim of this study has been to analyze the current Swedish drug policy discussion in mass media. In the discussion several different dividing lines are drawn up which highlights different standpoints in the drug policy. The study's methodological starting point is qualitative text analysis and analysis from the third dimension which entails that the macrolevel perspective is in focus. The study's theoretical referens frame originates from the problemperspective and the labeling theory. The results are showing that the dividing lines in the discussion are about the different points of view; harm reduction or prohibition. This is connected to the current drug policy debate about a decriminalization and legalization, or if Sweden should continue to keep a prohibition drug policy. In the discussion decriminalization is presented as a solution which would open up for the insertion of new harm reduction strategies, while a prohibition politic is considered to have a preventative effect on the whole population. The drug problems are complex which in turn make them really be about socioeconomical factors, class distinctions, stigmatization and labeling. The conclusion is that we stand before a possible change, that would mean parting from the prohibiton drug policy that is very firmly cemented in our society. The topical drug policy discussion in mass media is dominated by participants that advocate a conversion of the current drug policy which could be seen as an indicator that change is forthcoming. However, at the same time there is unwillingness amongst leading politicians in Sweden to open up for transformation which could amount to the Swedish drug policy to continue to be as it is. / Syftet med denna studie har varit att analysera aktuell svensk narkotikapolitisk debatt i massmedia. I debatten dras ett antal skiljelinjer upp som markerar olika narkotikapolitiska ståndpunkter. Studiens metodologiska utgångspunkt är kvalitativ textanalys och analys ur tredje dimensionen, vilket innebär att makroperspektivet är i fokus. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår från problemperspektiv och stämplingsteorin.  Resultatet visar på att skiljelinjerna i debatten markeras av de olika synsätten om skademinimering eller prohibition. Detta har ett samband med den pågående narkotikapolitiska diskussionen i massmedia om avkriminalisering och legalisering eller om Sverige ska fortsätta driva en repressiv narkotikapolitik. I den massmediala debatten framställs avkriminalisering som en lösning som skulle kunna öppna upp för införandet av nya skademinimerande insatser, medan en repressiv politik anses ha en preventiv effekt på befolkningen i helhet. Narkotikaproblematiken är komplex, vilket gör att problematiken egentligen tycks handla om socioekonomiska faktorer, klasskillnader, stämpling och stigma.  Slutsatsen är att vi står inför ett eventuellt skifte inom svensk narkotikapolitik, vilket skulle innebära ett avsteg från den repressiva narkotikapolitiken. Den aktuella narkotikapolitiska debatten i massmedia domineras av aktörer som förespråkar en förändring av nuvarande narkotikapolitik, detta skulle kunna ses som en indikator på att en förändring är på gång. Samtidigt finns det en ovillighet bland ledande politiker att öppna upp för en förändring, vilket likväl kan innebära att den svenska narkotikapolitiken fortsättningsvis kommer förbli oförändrad.

The main goal of this diploma thesis Solution Designs for Each Type of Prostitution is to design particular public policy solution which would be able to regulate prostitution in the area of the Czech Republic, considering different types of prostitution. At first each type of prostitution is described together with typical problems and risks attached to it. Accordingly three approaches to prostitution from legal point of view are compared, including their advantages and disadvantages. Consequently three countries - Germany, Netherlands and Sweden - are described and mutually compared in detail from a perspective of their attitude towards commercial sexual services. Later on, the most important international treaties, current progress of prostitution legal framework and the most relevant actors with their attitudes are introduced. In the main part of this thesis particular solution for each type of prostitution is designed, based on previous findings and knowledge. Purpose of this solution design is to reflect needs of both society and sex workers in such a way that is able to improve the current unsatisfactory situation and maybe to even become a springboard for further regulative measures.