Självskadebeteende är relativt vanligt förekommande bland personer med psykisk ohälsa. Återhämtning är ett begrepp som beskriver hur en person kan återerövra och finna kvalitet i sitt liv trots svår sjukdom. Självskadebeteende innebär ett stort lidande för individen och påverkar närstående i personens omgivning negativt. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utifrån egenerfarnas perspektiv sammanställa kunskap om vad som främjar återhämtning vid självskadebeteende. Metoden för studien var en integrerad litteraturöversikt, vilken utgick från 15 vetenskapliga artiklar och resulterade i 6 kategorier. I resultatet framkom att återhämtning hos personer med självskadebeteende kunde främjas av att komma till en vändpunkt, att vara i gemenskap med andra med liknande erfarenheter, att få stöd av närstående, att få professionellt stöd, att förstå och kunna hantera svåra känslor och handlingar, och av att finna inre styrka. Forskning visade även att det bland vårdpersonal florerade negativa attityder och brister i förhållningssättet mot personer med självskadebeteende, vilket motverkade deras återhämtning. Vår slutsats är att etiska reflektioner i arbetsgruppen, handledning, stöd, samt utbildningsinsatser till vårdpersonal är angeläget för att öka förståelsen och höja kompetensen angående självskadebeteende; samt för att minska negativa attityder och förbättra omvårdnaden av personer med självskadebeteende på ett sätt som främjar deras återhämtning.

How states narrate the world, their own policies and convey their story of events to a growing extent conditions the responses of others and the trajectory of political discussions. While storytelling is increasingly prevalent as a way of exerting influence in the political spheres of today, wider understanding of its practical manifestations is limited to a handful of actors. By applying the theory of strategic narratives to an actor such as Türkiye, this study aims at expanding this knowledge. Examining communication from senior Turkish politicians, a narrative analysis is conducted to closely examine the case of the Turkish narrative portrayal of Sweden within the context of its NATO accession process. This study seeks to explore the strategic and intentional nature of these narrative constructions. Based on the analysis, the conclusion is drawn that Türkiye continuously and persistently utilizes various aspects and elements that are to be understood as of a strategic nature when narrating Sweden in relation to the political affair. In essence, these findings deepen our understanding of strategic communication and storytelling by broadening the spectrum of actors behind them.

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Att avsiktligt skära, bränna eller på annat sätt skada sig själv illa är förenat med ett stort lidande och väcker ofta starka reaktioner hos de anhöriga. Problematiken är omfattande och självskadebeteende förefaller vara en stark prediktor för självmordsförsök och fullbordade självmord. Globalt är självmord den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken bland ungdomar. Efterfrågan på effektiva behandlingsmodeller för denna målgrupp är stor. I Sverige, närmare bestämt i Uppsala har behandlingsmodellen IKB – Intensiv Kontextuell Behandling utvecklats för ungdomar med självskadebeteende och/eller suicidala beteenden och deras familjer. Modellen är en integrerad individ- och familjeterapeutisk behandlingsmodell. Föreliggande studie syftade till att undersöka behandlingsmodellen IKB:s effektivitet i förhållande till minskat självskadebeteende hos ungdomarna och minskade nivåer av Expressed emotion hos föräldrarna. Sammanlagt har 34 familjer deltagit i studien och de har samtliga genomgått behandling inom ramen för IKB-modellen. Resultatet visade på en effektivitet i behandlingsmodellen IKB avseende att minska självskadebeteende hos ungdomarna samt att minska nivåerna av Expressed emotion hos föräldrarna. Utfallet av studien diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning och metodologiska frågor. / To intentionally cut, burn or hurt oneself severely is associated with great suffering and often arouse strong reactions within the family context. The problem is extensive and self-harm appears to be a strong predictor of suicide attempts and completed suicides. Globally, suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people. Effective treatment models for this group is urgent. In Sweden, (Uppsala) the model IKB - Intensive Contextual Treatment was developed for adolescents with self-harm and / or suicidal behavior, and their families in order to provide support. IKB is an integrated individual and family therapeutic model. The aim of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of IKB in relation to frequency of self-harm and levels of Expressed emotion. A total of 34 families participated in the study and they all received treatment in the context of the IKB-model. The families completed the self-assessment forms for data collection before treatment, after treatment and follow-up. Results showed efficiency to reduce self-harm among adolescents and to decrease levels of Expressed emotion. The outcome of the study are discussed based on previous research and methodological issues. / <p>27</p>

Unplanned extubation is premature removal of endotracheal tube, is an adverse event; which can either, be accidental during a nursing procedure or self deliberate by the patient. The AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care was used as conceptual model for this study. A retrospective descriptive design revealed that over a period of two years, 327 patients admitted to the intensive care unit require intubation of which 40.4% were self-deliberate extubation and 59.4% accidental extubation. Of the accidental extubated patients, 29.8% had physical restrains, 57.6% received sedation, 43.9% had analgesic infusion and 38.9% were on neuromuscular blockade. A means Glasco Coma Scale was 9.4 and 56% of the patients were reported as being. Most patients (89.9%) required re-intubation. The findings also revealed that 49.1% of the nurses who cared for the patients when the extubation occured had one patient at the time. Also, 84.2% of nurses had 0-6 years of nursing experience and 74% of nurses had less than five years of ICU experience. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The thesis devotes to innovative approaches at the elementary school level and is focused on an education method designed to counter prejudice Persona Dolls. The thesis describes theoretical foundations of the above mentioned method and its contribution to the developmentof students'key competences focused on the communicative competence.The theoretical part of the thesis futher discusses the possible uses of the method Persona Dolls in achieving education goals according to the Framework curriculum, especially focusing on cross-sectional topics. The research part is devoted to investigation of teachers'experience with this method. The author finds out how often and in what ways a particular teacher involves the method of Persona Dolls in his teaching. Primarily, the research investigates the rate of interconnection between the content of cross-sectional topics and topics of this method lessons with relation to ways of planning Persona Dolls lesson by individual teachers. A partial research objective is to evaluate the development of students'communicative competence while using Persona Dolls method. KEYWORDS: Innovation, method Persona Dolls, Framework curriculum for elementary education, key competences, student, deliberate work with prejudice

Introduktion: Befolkningens hälsa påverkas i hög grad av hur väl samhället vi lever i fungerar. Samhällen präglade av våld, krig och terror får negativa konsekvenser för människors hälsa. Artificiell Intelligens (AI) är en kraftfull teknik med stora möjligheter att lösa samhällsproblem, men forskare varnar för att AI också kan innebära nya risker. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som en ökande utveckling och implementering av AI kan ha på hälsans sociala bestämningsfaktorer inom området avsiktliga skador. Metod: Enligt Denyer och Tranfields (2011) metod genomfördes en systematisk litteraturstudie på 25 tekniska och humanistiska artiklar, som analyserades och syntetiserades med på förhand tydligt uppställda studiefrågor. Resultat: Artiklarna behandlande AI som används inom områden relaterade till avsiktliga skador och kategoriserades som tekniska eller humanistiska. De tekniska artiklarnas syfte var att utveckla AI för problemlösning medan de humanistiska artiklarna analyserade effekterna av implementering av AI. Möjligheterna med AI inkluderade förmågan att göra förutsägelser, fylla kompetensbehov, utnyttja big data och ta fram modeller som kan ge generella lösningar. Utmaningarna bestod av krav på en teoretisk grund, risk för bias, skapa eller välja lämpliga modeller och algoritmer, säkerställa kvalitet på data och databearbetning, validera lösningar, förhindra oavsiktlig användning, tydliggöra ansvar och få acceptans för lösningarna. Utvecklingen och implementeringen av AI påverkar främst tre av hälsans sociala bestämningsfaktorer: stödjande miljöer och friska människor, marknadens ansvar, samt god global styrning. Slutsats: Gemensam global reglering och större samhälleligt engagemang behövs för att säkerställa att konsekvenser för folkhälsan beaktas vid utvecklingen av AI. / Introduction: Public health is affected by the society in which people live. Communities characterized by violence, war and terror have a negative impact on human wellbeing. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool with a capability to solve problems in the society but scientists also warn that AI can induce new types of problems. Aim: The purpose of this literature study is to review which challenges and possibilities an increase in the development and implementation of AI can have on the social determinants of health within the area of deliberate injury. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed according to the method by Denyer and Tranfield (2011) and 25 technical and humanistic articles were analyzed and synthesized according to predefined research questions. Results: The articles about AI in the area of deliberate injuries were categorized as technical or humanistic. The purpose of the technical articles was to develop AI for problem solving while the humanistic articles analyzed the effects of AI implementation. The possibilities with AI included predictions, competence need, big data and models for general purposes. The challenges included theoretical grounds, bias, suitable models and algorithms, data quality and processing, validation, wrongful usage, responsibility and acceptance of the solutions. The development and implementation of AI especially affect three of the social determinants of health: healthy places healthy people, market responsibility and good global governance. Conclusion: A common global control and societal commitment is needed to secure that consequences for the public health is considered while developing AI.

This diploma thesis deals with the Persona Dolls method, which consciously works with prejudices. The theoretical part is focused on the mapping of the changes in the current education that has been practiced in Czech education since 1989. The curriculum documents, which regulate education, have been developed. The second chapter concerns the area of values for which school can be the stimulating environment in which they can evolve. The central part of the theoretical part is the chapter dealing with the Persona Dolls method. It focuses on the theoretical starting points of the method, the goals, the method of working with the method, presents the conditions for realization, then the pitfalls that can prevent the effectiveness of working with the method. The last chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to linking the Persona Dolls and Framework Educational Programs, especially in the area of key competencies. It then deals with the context of the method and values of society. The research part of this diploma thesis is verified by the qualitative action research according to the Korthagen cycle ALACT, whether the method is suitably treated in practice and if the principles of working with the doll are fulfilled, whether the key competencies, attitudes and values are being developed. It also...

Two conceptual approaches which offer promise for improved understanding of biological invasions are conceptualizing the invasion process as a series of distinct stages and explicitly incorporating human actions into analyses. This study explores the utility of these approaches for understanding the invasion of Trifolium (true clover) species in New Zealand. From the published literature, I collected a range of Trifolium species attributes, including aspects of global transport and use by humans, opportunistic association with humans in New Zealand, native range attributes, habitat characteristics, and biological traits. I also searched historical records to estimate the extent to which each species had been planted in New Zealand, a search facilitated by the enormous importance of Trifolium in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture system. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling were then used to relate these variables to success at each invasion stage. Fifty-four of the 228 species in the genus Trifolium were intentionally introduced to New Zealand. Species introduced for commercial agriculture were characterised by a large number of economic uses and presence in Britain, while species introduced for horticulture or experimental agriculture were characterised by a large native range area. Nine of these 54 intentionally introduced species subsequently naturalised in New Zealand. The species that successfully naturalised were those that had been planted extensively by humans and that were well-matched to the New Zealand climate. A further 16 species (from the pool of 174 species that were never intentionally introduced) arrived and naturalised in New Zealand without any recorded intentional aid of humans. Several attributes appeared to assist species in unintentional introduction-naturalisation, including a good match to the New Zealand climate, a large native range area, presence in human-influenced habitats, a widespread distribution in Britain, and self-pollination capability. The 25 total naturalised species varied greatly in their current distributions and in the rates at which they had spread to achieve those distributions. Species that had spread quickly and are currently more widespread had been frequent contaminants in the pasture seed supply and have a long flowering period in New Zealand. Other biological traits and native range attributes played supporting roles in the spread process. Attributes facilitating success clearly varied among invasion stages. Humans played a dominant role at all stages of this invasion, although biological traits had increasing importance as a species moved through the invasion sequence. My findings suggest that incorporation of human actions and the stage-based framework provide valuable insight into the invasion process. I discuss potential avenues by which these approaches might be integrated into predictive invasion models.

<p>The aim with this study was to learn about the experiences of field workers and welfare officers in the field of possible self-harm behavior among young people.Our problem was: Do field workers and welfare officers treat young people with deliberate self-harm differently and - How do field workers and welfare officers describe deliberate self- harm?</p><p>Our study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with twelve interviewee’s.The result of this study shows that there is a difference in how young people with self-harm behavior are being treated - based on their gender.One possible cause for this result could be the old tradition mindset of viewing boys and girls differently – and thus, treating them differently when they seek help.Our study shows there is a possibility of treating boys and girls differently – which shows that we made a thought-provoking point</p>