A presente dissertação aborda o tema da constituição da noção de espaço na psicanálise tomando como central um caso clínico de uma paciente atendida em um ambulatório de saúde mental na rede pública do município de Porto Alegre. Tendo em vista que tempo/espaço são categorias indissociáveis no campo das ciências humanas, a pesquisa aborda os momentos da constituição do sujeito em que a organização e estruturação dessas variáveis estão em causa. Privilegiando o conceito de espaço como efeito da posição do sujeito na linguagem, o texto desenvolve as relações entre percepção e representação presentes nas formações delirantes. A partir da experiência clínica, pretende discutir algumas importantes formulações teóricas no campo da psicanálise ao mesmo tempo em que compõe uma escrita de caso. Utiliza como elemento privilegiado nesse diálogo o livro de literatura “Noite do Oráculo”, do escritor americano Paul Auster, em função da estrutura presente na narrativa. As relações que o escritor estabelece entre leitor/escritor/personagem compõe um universo narrativo semelhante ao da transferência clínica na psicose. A partir desses elementos aborda o tema das diferenças entre ficção e delírio no que diz respeito às diferenças nas formações narrativas. / This dissertation addresses the issue of development of the concept of space in psychoanalysis taking as central the clinical case of a patient treated at a public mental health clinic in the city of Porto Alegre. Given that time/space are inseparable categories in the field of human sciences, the research addresses the moments of the development of the subject in which the organization and structuring of these variables are concerned. Emphasizing the concept of space as an effect of the position of the subject in language, the text develops the relationship between perception and representation present in delusional formations. From clinical experience, it intends to discuss some important theoretical formulations in the field of psychoanalysis while composing a case study. It uses the literary work of the American writer Paul Auster "Oracle Night" as a privileged element in this dialogue as a representation of the structure present in the narrative. The relationships established between reader/writer /character composes a narrative universe similar to the transfer in clinical psychosis. From these elements it addresses the issue of the differences between fiction and delusion with regard to the narrative configuration.

A presente dissertação aborda o tema da constituição da noção de espaço na psicanálise tomando como central um caso clínico de uma paciente atendida em um ambulatório de saúde mental na rede pública do município de Porto Alegre. Tendo em vista que tempo/espaço são categorias indissociáveis no campo das ciências humanas, a pesquisa aborda os momentos da constituição do sujeito em que a organização e estruturação dessas variáveis estão em causa. Privilegiando o conceito de espaço como efeito da posição do sujeito na linguagem, o texto desenvolve as relações entre percepção e representação presentes nas formações delirantes. A partir da experiência clínica, pretende discutir algumas importantes formulações teóricas no campo da psicanálise ao mesmo tempo em que compõe uma escrita de caso. Utiliza como elemento privilegiado nesse diálogo o livro de literatura “Noite do Oráculo”, do escritor americano Paul Auster, em função da estrutura presente na narrativa. As relações que o escritor estabelece entre leitor/escritor/personagem compõe um universo narrativo semelhante ao da transferência clínica na psicose. A partir desses elementos aborda o tema das diferenças entre ficção e delírio no que diz respeito às diferenças nas formações narrativas. / This dissertation addresses the issue of development of the concept of space in psychoanalysis taking as central the clinical case of a patient treated at a public mental health clinic in the city of Porto Alegre. Given that time/space are inseparable categories in the field of human sciences, the research addresses the moments of the development of the subject in which the organization and structuring of these variables are concerned. Emphasizing the concept of space as an effect of the position of the subject in language, the text develops the relationship between perception and representation present in delusional formations. From clinical experience, it intends to discuss some important theoretical formulations in the field of psychoanalysis while composing a case study. It uses the literary work of the American writer Paul Auster "Oracle Night" as a privileged element in this dialogue as a representation of the structure present in the narrative. The relationships established between reader/writer /character composes a narrative universe similar to the transfer in clinical psychosis. From these elements it addresses the issue of the differences between fiction and delusion with regard to the narrative configuration.

Orientador: Claudio Eduardo Muller Banzato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_AdrianoCarvalhoTupinamba_M.pdf: 30413605 bytes, checksum: af757c16210af3eea7d239065530988e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O delírio, fenômeno central da psicopatologia, é ainda atualmente definido por meio de características legadas do século XIX e difundidas por Karl Jaspers (a convicção com que é sustentado, sua incorrigibilidade e falsidade), auxiliadas por algumas outras características enunciadas por ele próprio (sua incompreensibilidade, primariedade e a modificação da personalidade). Nem o conceito jasperiano de delírio nem as definições contemporâneas que lhe são tributárias, todavia, parecem corresponder ao que ordinariamente dizemos serem suas diferentes manifestações. Neste trabalho, após apontarmos onde os critérios privilegiados nas definições contemporâneas e jasperiana fracassam em caracterizá-lo e em delimitar um conjunto de fatos que correspondam ao que espontaneamente diríamos serem casos de delírio, buscamos razões para esta ocorrência Ou seja, tentamos explicar os motivos para esta difícil superposição entre o conjunto de fenômenos chamados de delírio e aquele conjunto de fenômenos que seria determinado por um uso prescritivo de suas definições. As explorações realizadas em cumprimento a este propósito foram dispostas em duas distintas plataformas. Na primeira delas, uma discussão sobre o tipo epistemologia embutida em grande parte dos projetos dirigidos aos fenômenos psicopatológicos é efetuada por meio da análise dos pressupostos e finalidades heurísticas da fenomenologia jasperiana. Paralelamente, são apresentados os efeitos conceituais da implementação desta última ao caso particular do delírio, considerando-se sua peculiaridade como fenômeno. Em nossa segunda plataforma de trabalho, são realizadas considerações sobre as implicações do modelo lingüístico tradicional sobre as relações que estabelecemos entre os conceitos/definições e os fenômenos em geral, aí incluídos os fenômenos psicopatológicos e o delírio especificamente. Por fim, algumas sugestões são realizadas quanto aos possíveis benefícios que extrairíamos da aplicação de uma diferente epistemologia ao entendimento do delírio e demais fenômenos psicopatológicos, assim como do reconhecimento de que um outro modelo de linguagem parece melhor representar nossas práticas conceituais / Abstract: Delusion, a core phenomenon in psychopathology, is still defined by means of criteria first proposed in the 19th century, which were later systematized by Karl Jaspers (the conviction with which it is held, its imperviousness to logics and evidence of the contrary, and its erroneousness or falsity), who also put forward additional core criteria of his own (its un-understandability, its immediateness and the modification of personality). Whilst Jasperian conception of delusion is ingrained in the currently most widespread definitions of this phenomenon, neither the former nor the latter seem to fully account for what we usually and intuitively call delusions in clinical contexts. In this work, after pointing out where the criteria highlighted by Jasperian and contemporary definitions of delusion fail, we try to explain why that happens. In other words, we aim at clarifying what are the main issues related to the prescriptive use of definitions of delusion. For this task, two different conceptual frameworks were employed Within the first one, we performed a discussion about a certain epistemology widely applied to the endeavors directed towards psychopathological phenomena, taking the analysis of the presuppositions and heuristic aims of the Jasperian phenomenology as example. Concurrently, we showed the implications of adopting such epistemology for the concept of delusion. Within our second framework, we discuss the implications of the traditional linguistic model on the way we deal with the relationship between concepts/definitions and psychopathological phenomena in general - and delusion in particular. Finally, some suggestions are made concerning supposed benefits (both conceptual and practical) the application of a Wittgensteinian epistemology to the understanding of delusion and psychopathological phenomena in general would possibly entail / Mestrado / Saude Mental / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Debates de psiquiatria contemporânea apontam que tanto a definição de delírio como a de crítica levantam dificuldades terminológicas que levam a imprecisões clínicas. Uma destas situações diz respeito principalmente à progressão do delírio em direção a uma recusa do tratamento, o que tem sido descrito pela literatura psiquiátrica de maneira genérica como ausência de insight, ausência de consciência da doença mental, ausência de crítica e até como simples não adesão ao tratamento. Com intuito de contribuir para essa dissensão a partir da psicanálise sugerimos que, assim como outros fenômenos ligados ao inconsciente, o delírio pode ser redefinido a partir da capacidade do sujeito em criticá-lo, o que depende da reordenação perceptiva (insight) de aspectos do próprio delírio. Como a terminologia da crítica está presente na filosofia e história da psicopatologia, discutimos modificações no delírio que vão de Kant a Pinel, de Freud à tese de doutoramento de Lacan. A crítica é uma atividade do juízo que pode estar ligada à interpretação e à reordenação perceptiva (insight), mas pode ser também fruto da atividade das instâncias críticas do sujeito. A fim diferenciar esses dois tipos de crítica que encontramos, crítica do delírio e no delírio, sugerimos considerá-la como uma modalidade de implicação subjetiva, ligada a síntese das representações, intencionalidade do juízo e responsabilidade da conduta / Debates of contemporary psychiatry point that problems on definition has led to clinical inaccuracies. One of the main situations described in the literature concerns to the expansion of delusion toward a refusal of treatment. Such situations are denominated from a wide semantic spectrum that ranges from the lack of insight, lack of awareness of mental illness, lack of critique and even simple non-adherence to treatment. To contribute to this disagreement as from the psychoanalysis we suggest that, like other unconscious phenomena linked, the delusion can be reset from the subject\'s ability to criticize it, which depends on reorganization of perceptual aspects (insight) of the delusion itself. Because critical terminology is present in the philosophy and history of psychopathology, we discuss changes in delusion ranging from Kant to Pinel, from Freud to Lacan\'s doctoral thesis. Critique is an activity of judgment that can be linked to perceptual interpretation and reordering (insight), but can also be the result of the activity of critical instances of the subject. In order to differentiate these two types of criticism that we find, critique of delusion and critique in delusion, we suggest considering it as a form of subjective implication, linked to synthesis of representations, intentionality of judgment and responsibility of conduct

Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut provides a profound discussion on how the many traumas of war affect the human psyche. The novel’s protagonist, Billy Pilgrim, is a direct witness of many horrific events in World War II, which causes certain life-changing symptoms later in his life. This essay examines the psychological processes of Billy Pilgrim in relation to the traumatic events he experiences in the war. More specifically, Billy’s delusions of supernatural nature are discussed in an attempt to find a connection to the war-trauma. In doing this, the analysis utilizes a psychoanalytic approach to explore the theoretical concepts of trauma and delusion. The essay then identifies certain key moments that are of significance to the development of Billy Pilgrim’s psychological processes and investigates how the different events affect his psyche. Furthermore, Billy’s delusions are discussed to identify their cognitive functions. The analysis finds a clear connection between Billy’s delusions and his trauma, and the essay finds that several of his psychological mechanisms are supported by the corresponding ideas within the psychoanalytic framework. Moreover, a progression of his symptoms is identified and discussed in relation to his experiences in World War II.

No description available.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem por objetivo demonstrar as contribuiÃÃes mÃtuas e contrastes fundamentais entre as teorias de Freud e Jung quanto ao delÃrio paranÃico. Para alcanÃar esse objetivo, decidimos abordar individualmente as teorias e, por essa via, demonstrar os principais conceitos associados a elas para, apenas entÃo, distinguir as principais contribuiÃÃes entre os dois sistemas psicolÃgicos a respeito do delÃrio. Em seguida, elucidamos como essas influÃncias foram possÃveis e de que maneira elas se originaram. As principais contribuiÃÃes verificadas foram: a influÃncia da noÃÃo freudiana de libido para a teoria de Jung, a importÃncia da teoria junguiana dos complexos para a PsicanÃlise freudiana e seu interesse mÃtuo sobre as heranÃas arcaicas verificadas nos delÃrios. Constatamos que as diferenÃas no contexto e os inevitÃveis pressupostos nÃo impediram o diÃlogo e algumas contribuiÃÃes importantes entre os dois pontos de vista. Os aportes, entretanto, somente foram possÃveis com a recriaÃÃo das noÃÃes de acordo com o contexto interno de cada sistema que, decerto, tambÃm se modifica no processo em sentido amplo. / This thesis was made on the purpose of demonstrate the fundamental contributions and contrasts between Freudâs and Jungâs theories on the problem of the paranoiac delusions. To persecute this goal we have chosen to discuss the developments of both theories individually and, in doing so, demonstrate the primary conceits that were associated with them and then, finally, distinguish the main contributions between the two psychological systems. Afterwards we have shown how those influences were made possible and by which means they came to be. The main contributions verified were the inspiration of Freudâs theory of libido to Jungâs own, the importance of Jungâs complexes theory to Freud and their mutual interest in the archaic inheritances verified in the delusions of the paranoiac patients. We have found that the differences in the context, and the inevitable presuppositions did not cripple a dialogue and some significant contributions between them. Notwithstanding, these contributions were made possible only by a recreation of the ideas according to the internal context of the system which, of course, is modified in the process.

A qualitative, descriptive, explorative, and contextual research design was selected for this study. The purpose was to explore the phenomenon of mass hysteria among the Basotho in Lesotho and to develop guidelines which may facilitate early intervention and better management and control of mass hysteria outbreaks. The study area covered four of the ten districts in Lesotho. Four high schools where recent outbreaks of mass hysteria have been reported were included in the study. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus group interviews were conducted to collect the data. Purposive sampling was used to select young women in high schools who experienced mass hysteria; teachers who were present during mass hysteria episodes; a parent; and traditional healers and religious leaders who were involved in treating the affected.Thirteen individual interviews were held respectively with one victim of mass hysteria from a rural area, four school principals,a parent,five traditional healers, a priest and apastor. Three focus group interviews were conducted with thirty affected young women from three different high schools and two focus group interviews were held with twenty teachers from two different high schools.The data were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was done using open and axial coding. Four themes emerged from the findings, namely: manifestations of mass hysteria among the Basotho; interventions used by the Basotho to alleviate mass hysteria; Basotho’s views about the phenomenon of mass hysteria; and effects of mass hysteria onthe Basotho. The findings show that young women in Lesotho experience both physical and psychological symptoms during mass hysteria episodes and that it has a contagious effect. The interventions used by the Basotho to alleviate mass hysteria include traditional healing, herbal remedies, exorcism and prayer.The Basotho have different views about mass hysteria attributing it to either supernatural forces or natural illness. Episodes of mass hysteria have a negative impact on the victims,their families, and those who witnessed the episodes, causing confusion, fear and anxiety. Guidelines were compiled to assist teachersand health workers to improve the management and control of mass hysteria episodes in Lesotho. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This thesis examines attentional and cognitive biases for particular facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded individuals. The exploration of cognitive biases in delusion-prone individuals provides one means of elucidating psychological processes that might be involved in the genesis of delusions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the continuum approach to schizophrenia, and outlines recent theoretical conceptualisations of delusions. The study of schizophrenia phenomena at the symptom level has become a popular method of inquiry, given the heterogeneous phenotypic expression of schizophrenia, and the uncertainty surrounding the existence of a core neuropathology. Delusions are one of the most commonly experienced symptoms of schizophrenia, and have traditionally been regarded as fixed, false beliefs that are pathognomonic of an organic disease process. However, recent phenomenological evidence of delusional ideation in the general population has led to the conceptualisation of delusions as multi-dimensional entities, lying at the extreme end of a continuum from normal through to maladaptive beliefs. Recent investigations of the information processing abnormalities in deluded individuals are reviewed in Chapter 2. This strand of research has revealed evidence of various biases in social cognition, particularly in relation to threat-related material, in deluded individuals. These biases are evident in probabilistic reasoning, attribution style, and attention, but there has been relatively little investigation of cognitive aberrations in delusion-prone individuals. In the present thesis, social-cognitive biases were examined in relation to a standard series of faces that included threat-related (anger, fear) and non-threatening (happy, sad) expressions, in both delusion-prone and clinically deluded individuals. Chapters 3 and 4 present the results of behavioural (RT, affect recognition accuracy) and visual scanpath investigations in healthy participants assessed for level of delusion- proneness. The results indicate that delusion-prone individuals are slower at processing angry faces, and show a general (rather than emotion-specific) impairment in facial affect recognition, compared to non-prone healthy controls. Visual scanpath studies show that healthy individuals tend to direct more foveal fixations to the feature areas (eyes, nose, mouth) of threat-related facial expressions (anger, fear). By contrast, delusion-prone individuals exhibit reduced foveal attention to threat-related faces, combined with �extended� scanpaths, that may be interpreted as an attentional pattern of �vigilance-avoidance� for social threat. Chapters 5 and 6 extend the work presented in Chapters 3 and 4, by investigating the presence of similar behavioural and attentional biases in deluded schizophrenia, compared to healthy control and non-deluded schizophrenia groups. Deluded schizophrenia subjects exhibited a similar delay in processing angry faces, compared to non-prone control participants, while both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia groups displayed a generalised affect recognition deficit. Visual scanpath investigations revealed a similar style of avoiding a broader range of negative (anger, fear, sad) faces in deluded schizophrenia, as well as a common pattern of fewer fixations with shorter duration, and reduced attention to facial features of all faces in both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia. The examination of inferential biases for emotions displayed in facial expressions is presented in Chapter 7 in a study of causal attributional style. The results of this study provide some support for a �self-serving� bias in deluded schizophrenia, as well as evidence for an inability to appreciate situational cues when making causal judgements in both delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia. A theoretical integration of the current findings is presented in Chapter 8, with regard to the implications for cognitive theories of delusions, and neurobiological models of schizophrenia phenomena, more generally. Visual attention biases for threat-related facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia are consistent with proposals of neural dysconnectivity between frontal-limbic networks, while attributional biases and impaired facial expression perception may reflect dysfunction in a broader �social brain� network encompassing these and medial temporal lobe regions. Strong evidence for attentional biases and affect recognition deficits in delusion-prone individuals implicates their role in the development of delusional beliefs, but the weaker evidence for attributional biases in delusion-prone individuals suggests that inferential biases about others� emotions may be relevant only to the maintenance of delusional beliefs (or that attributional biases for others� emotional states may reflect other, trait-linked difficulties related to mentalising ability). In summary, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates the utility of adopting a single-symptom approach to schizophrenia within the continuum framework, and attests to the importance of further investigations of aberrant social cognition in relation to the development of delusions.

This study has its background in the debate about religion and the existence of God, which has been an ongoing issue throughout the Western cultural tradition. Today´s information society has been an impact on the increasing interest for this subject. The essay’s main task is to accomplish a rhetorical analysis of two books, Illusionen om Gud (2008) by atheist Richard Dawkins and Guds dödgrävare (2010) by Christian John Lennox, in order to investigate the authors’ use of rhetorical strategies to influence their audience. The texts are studied using a qualitative approach with the theoretical basis of some well-defined rhetorical variables: ethical, logical and pathetic means of persuasion, propaganda, and the important factor that a message always is presented in a certain context in which the recipients both have their own values and subjects to general truths and common frames of reference. The analysis is intended to convey the rhetorical essence of each author, and uses this image to discuss aims and methods in the communication. Both authors demonstrate varying propagandistic strategies and base their arguments from common context and widely recognized frames of reference. Lennox almost exclusively uses methodological logo arguments, while Dawkins often uses the pathetic persuasion founds.