The left hemisphere interpreter refers to a function in the left hemisphere of the brain that search for and produce causal explanations for events, behaviours and feelings, even though no such apparent pattern exists between them. Confabulation is said to occur when a person presents or acts on obviously false information, despite being aware that they are false. People who confabulate also tend to defend their confabulations even when they are presented with counterevidence. Research related to these two areas seems to deal with the same phenomenon, namely the human tendency to infer explanations for events, even if the explanations have no actual bearing in reality. Despite this, research on the left hemisphere interpreter has progressed relatively independently from research related to the concept of confabulation. This thesis has therefore aimed at reviewing each area and comparing them in a search for common relations. What has been found as a common theme is the emphasis they both place on the potentially underlying function of the interpreter and confabulation. Many researchers across the two fields stress the adaptive and vital function of keeping the brain free from both contradiction and unpredictability, and propose that this function is served by confabulations and the left hemisphere interpreter. This finding may provide a possible opening for collaboration across the fields, and for the continued understanding of these exciting and perplexing phenomena.

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Ce travail propose une présentation et une défense du "sentimentalisme", c’est-à-dire de la théorie philosophique selon laquelle les émotions constituent notre principal accès aux valeurs, et la source de nos jugements évaluatifs. Après avoir brièvement retracé les origines historiques de ce courant (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, et Adam Smith), j’examine la littérature psychologique et philosophique actuelle portant sur les émotions. Je propose une définition de la fonction des émotions, en soutenant que ce sont des "attitudes" corporelles et cognitives dotées d’une intentionnalité évaluative. Elles nous permettent ainsi d’apprécier la valeur des objets en fonction de leur pertinence pour nos états motivationnels, tels que nos désirs ou nos sentiments. Je procède ensuite à une analyse des conséquences épistémologiques et métaphysiques que l’on peut dériver de cette thèse. Je montre que les émotions sont susceptibles de jouer un rôle crucial dans notre connaissance des valeurs, en étudiant le débat relatif aux "conditions de correction" des émotions. Je propose de distinguer ici deux caractérisations des conditions de correction qui ne sont généralement pas explicitées dans les débats actuels, que j’appelle la conception "indépendantiste" et la conception "motivationnelle". J’argumente en faveur de la deuxième approche, et je défends la thèse selon laquelle les émotions constituent un accès fiable aux valeurs, lorsqu’elles sont basées sur des motivations qui sont elles-mêmes correctes ou appropriées. Selon cette approche, les valeurs doivent être comprises comme des propriétés réelles et relationnelles. Je m’intéresse enfin plus particulièrement au rôle que les émotions sont susceptibles de jouer dans les jugements moraux. Après avoir écarté les théories innéistes au sujet de la morale, je soutiens que les émotions sont des conditions nécessaires au développement de la moralité. / This dissertation is both a presentation and a defense of "sentimentalism", the philosophical theory according to which emotions constitute our main access to values, and the source of our evaluative judgments. After considering briefly the historical origins of this philosophical approach (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Adam Smith), I review the current psychological and philosophical literature about emotions. I define the function of emotions, arguing that they are bodily and cognitive "attitudes" that possess an evaluative intentionality. They allow us to appraise the value of objects according to their relevance for our motivational states, like our desires or sentiments. I proceed then to an analysis of the epistemological and metaphysical consequences that we can draw from this thesis. I show that emotions are likely to play a crucial role in our knowledge of values, focusing on the debate about the "correctness conditions" of emotions. I propose a distinction between two characterizations of correctness conditions, which are generally not explicit in the literature, and which I name the "independence" approach and the "motivational" approach. I argue in favor of the latter and I defend the thesis that emotions constitute a reliable access to values, when they are based on motivations that are themselves correct or appropriate. According to this view, values should be conceived as real and relational properties. Finally, I consider the role which emotions may play in our moral judgments in particular. After having rejected nativist accounts of our moral competence, I claim that emotions are necessary conditions to the development of our moral life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline 1-52.pdf: 9875623 bytes, checksum: e679cdcaf616f8369f4fb9da87862263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to analyze Franklin Joaquim Cascaes drawings made with ink and pen, and graphite, work on paper present at the Collection Professor Elizabeth Pavan Cascaes. It aims to point out aspects in the artist s work until then little explored. The research is centered in possibilities of readings that lead to the hybridism plastically presented and the creation of new creatures, the representations of everyday scenes and the city of Florianópolis, na articulation between the saying and the seeing, present in his drawings, the imagination and confabulation, where it is possible to find the bond between life and fiction, which would appen in the simulating narratives. We identified and analyzed in Franklin Joaquim Cascaes oeuvre the interfaces with the field of museology and from that we verified the artist s intention in keeping his acquis in a museum. We intend to understand what this collection informs us about the cultural and historical context and the urban growing of the city of Florianópolis and the critics that the artist made about modernity in course at the Island of Santa Catarina. The narrative is present in all times and is a determining factor at Cascaes poetics. His oeuvre acquired, through time, a historical and critical tone while he perceived that the everyday of these people, and popular knowledge was threatened by the intense transformations that followed, endangered of not being remembered by future generations. We used image, manuscripts and interviews of the artist as a source for the research. This research s main sources are at the University Museum Professor Oswaldo Rodrigues Cabral at the Federal University of de Santa Catarina / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os desenhos a bico de pena e grafite do artista Franklin Joaquim Cascaes, obra em papel presente na Coleção Professora Elizabeth Pavan Cascaes. Objetiva apontar outros aspectos na obra do artista até então pouco explorados. A pesquisa está centrada em possibilidades de leituras que levam ao hibridismo apresentado plasticamente e na criação de novos seres, as representações de cenas do cotidiano e da cidade de Florianópolis, uma articulação entre o dizer e o ver presente em seus desenhos, a imaginação e fabulação, onde é possível reencontrar o elo entre a vida e a ficção, que se daria nas narrativas simulantes. Identificamos e analisamos na obra de Franklin Joaquim Cascaes as interfaces com o campo da museologia e a partir daí verificamos a intenção do artista em manter seu acervo em um museu. Pretende-se compreender o que esta coleção nos informa acerca do contexto histórico cultural e do crescimento urbano da cidade de Florianópolis e a crítica que o artista fez da modernidade em curso na Ilha de Santa Catarina. A narrativa está presente em todos os tempos e é fator determinante na poética de Cascaes. Sua obra adquiriu, com o passar dos tempos, um tom histórico e crítico na medida em que ele percebia que o cotidiano dessas populações, e o conhecimento popular via-se ameaçado pelas intensas transformações que se seguiam, correndo risco de não serem lembradas pelas futuras gerações. Utilizou-se a imagem, os manuscritos e entrevistas do artista como fonte de pesquisa. As fontes principais desta pesquisa se encontram no Museu Universitário Professor Oswaldo Rodrigues Cabral da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Denna avhandling fokuserar på det meningsskapande och begripliggörande som fortgår vid tilltagande demenssjukdom, i det sociala samspelet, och de utmaningar för demens-omsorgen som detta innebär. Studien är aktörsorienterad och adresserar frågan om hur personer med åldersrelaterade progressiva demenssjukdomar i den vardagliga kommuni-kationen söker förstå sina situationer, omgivningen och sina liv – alltsammans inom ra-men för det dagliga samspelet på ett demensboende. Av särskilt intresse är hur dessa per-soner hanterar problem som har att göra med att handla tillsammans med andra i en gemensamt delad värld och hitta sin roll i det pågående samspelet, och hur de etablerar och upprätthåller en identitet i detta samspel. Detta trots svåra minnesproblem, desorien-tering i tid och rum, olika sätt att förstå den pågående situationen samt svårigheter att be-rätta om sina liv på ett sätt som både stämmer överens med biografiska data och har en tillfredsställande temporal organisering. Avhandlingen adresserar också frågan om hur omsorgspersonalen kan hantera det komplexa samspelet mellan de boende i den dagliga omsorgen, med avseende på att upprätthålla och respektera dessa personers värdighet. Studien ansluter till en växande tradition av att studera interaktion vid demens som meningsbaserad och situerad i en kontext snarare än enbart som beteende som orsakas av kognitiva svårigheter. Metodologiskt är studien etnografisk och bygger på observationer fördelade över en tidsperiod av sex månader. Materialet, som består av ca 150 h videoma-terial och kompletterande fältanteckningar, möjliggör att samspelet studeras både i detalj och i relation till det större sammanhang som det ingår i. Studien visar på kvarvarande kompetenser och bidrar med ny kunskap om strategier som personerna med demens använder sig av i ett aktivt, kreativt och på många sätt ratio-nellt meningsskapande i det sociala samspelet med andra människor. Detta diskuteras i termer av resurser för demensomsorgen i relation till den stora utmaning som det innebär att lappa ihop och upprätthålla en begriplig och socialt delad värld, samt upprätthålla kon-tinuitet med personernas livshistorier på ett sätt som möjliggör en önskad identitet. / This thesis focuses on the identity work and the meaning- or sense-making that continue in the face of evolving dementia diseases, in social interaction, and the challenges for care this involves. The study adopts an actor-oriented approach and addresses the question of how persons with age-related progressive dementia diseases in everyday communication make sense of their situations, their surroundings, and their lives – all within the context of daily life in residential care. Of particular interest is how these persons handle issues of joint action in a shared world and how they establish and maintain an identity in the inte-raction. This is in spite of severe memory problems, disorientation in time and space, dif-fering understandings of the current situation, and difficulties in telling “accurate” and temporally ordered stories about their lives. The thesis also addresses the question of how caregivers may handle the complex interplay between residents in daily care, in maintain-ing and respecting these persons’ dignity. The study follows a growing tradition of studying interaction in dementia as mean-ing-based and situated in a context rather than merely as behavior caused by cognitive impairment. Methodologically, this is an ethnographic study based on observations made within a period of six months. The data consist of around 150 hours of video recordings and complementary field notes. This extensive material has made it possible to study the social interaction both in detail and situated in a larger context. The findings point to remaining competences and strategies that persons with demen-tia use actively and creatively in the ongoing interaction – and, given the premises, often in a rational way. This is discussed in terms of resources for dementia care, in relation to the great challenge of patching up and putting together a comprehensive socially shared world as well as maintaining continuity with the persons’ previous life histories in a way that preserves a positive self-identity.