321 |
Are Environmental Factors for Atopic Eczema in ISAAC Phase Three due to Reverse Causation?Rutter, Charlotte E, Silverwood, Richard J, Williams, Hywel C, Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P, Pearce, Neil, Langan, Sinéad M, Chiarella, Pascual, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group 01 May 2019 (has links)
Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6–7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–1.54), which persisted at school-level (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10–2.21), early-life antibiotics (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34–1.48), and early-life paracetamol use (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21–1.36), with the former persisting at the school level, whereas the latter was no longer observed (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00–1.82 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69–1.28, respectively). At ages 13–14 years, the strongest associations at the individual level were with current paracetamol use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.51–1.63) and open-fire cooking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.33–1.62); both were stronger at the school level (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.84–3.59 and OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.52–3.73, respectively). Association with exposure to heavy traffic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.27–1.36) also persisted at the school level (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07–1.82). Most individual- and school-level effects were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation. / Revisión por pares
|
322 |
Avaliação da expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular e da endoglina nos pacientes eritrodérmicos com pênfigo foliáceo / Vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin expression in erythrodermic patients with pemphigus foliaceusMiyamoto, Denise 07 June 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O pênfigo foliáceo (PF) caracteriza-se pela síntese de autoanticorpos contra a desmogleína 1 (Dsg1) com acantólise na epiderme superior. As lesões na face e tronco podem evoluir para eritrodermia (PFE), cuja patogênese é pouco conhecida. Estudos prévios sugerem a participação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e da endoglina (Eng). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar dados demográficos, expressão tecidual e níveis séricos do VEGF e Eng, bem como o perfil dos imunocomplexos no PFE. PACIENTES, MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes de PFE (n=31) e indivíduos controles com pênfigo vulgar (PV; n=10), psoríase (PSO; n=10) e saudáveis (CS; n=14) com amostras de soro e pele armazenadas. Os níveis séricos do VEGF, receptor solúvel do VEGF (sVEGFR-1), anti-Dsg1 e -Dsg3 foram avaliados por meio da técnica de ELISA, e a presença do VEGF, Eng, e imunocomplexos in situ foi determinada por imuno-histoquímica (IH) em plataforma automatizada (n=19). Após digitalização das lâminas, a reatividade aos anticorpos supracitados foi classificada manualmente em: 0 (ausente), 1 (discreta-moderada) e 2 (intensa), e analisada por software. RESULTADOS: PFE ocorreu no início da doença em 25/31 pacientes (80,6%), com média de idade de 42,7 anos e predomínio feminino (23/31; 74,2%). Os pacientes foram hospitalizados em média por 41,2 dias; infecção bacteriana foi a principal complicação (30/31; 96,8%), com bacteremia em 10/31 (32,3%) causada por Staphylococcus aureus em 7/10 (70%) dos pacientes. Infecção pelo vírus do herpes simples (HSV) em 11/31 (35,5%) doentes determinou internação prolongada. Valores de imunofluorescência indireta, e anti-Dsg1 e VEGF séricos (ELISA) foram superiores no PFE vs. PF não-eritrodérmico (PFNE) (p < 0,05). Níveis do sVEGFR-1 foram semelhantes no PFE e PFNE, e correlacionaram-se fracamente com a anti-Dsg1 no PFNE (p=0,034). A avaliação manual da IH com anti-VEGF no PFE foi estatisticamente diferente do PFNE (p=0,042) e CS (p=0,004), e similar ao PV (p=0,667) e PSO (p=0,667). Já no PFNE, a expressão do VEGF foi estatisticamente diferente do PV (p=0,049) e PSO (p=0,049) e semelhante ao CS (p=0,247). A contagem automatizada dos vasos marcados com anti-Eng no PFE foi similar ao PFNE (p=0,700) e PSO (p=0,133), e diferente do PV (p=0,0009) e CS (p=0,0009). A avaliação de 6 espécimes de PFE mostrou depósitos de imunocomplexos: intercelulares intraepidérmicos com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgA (n=5) e IgM (n=1); nas células inflamatórias com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgM e IgA (n=1); nos vasos com IgG, C3 e IgA (n=6), e IgM (n=5); e nos anexos com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgA (n=3) e IgM (n=1). CONCLUSÕES: O PFE predomina no início da doença e em mulheres, com maior risco de infecção. O aumento do VEGF sérico e tecidual sugere uma resposta reparadora ao dano tecidual causado pelos níveis elevados de autoanticorpos no PFE. A menor expressão de Eng no PFE indica uma desregulação da angiogênese na eritrodermia. De forma pioneira, a IH automatizada demonstrou a presença de imunocomplexos intraepidérmicos e nas estruturas dérmicas / BACKGROUND: Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), triggering superficial acantholysis. Lesions on the face and trunk may evolve to erythroderma (PFE). The pathogenesis of PFE is not fully understood. Previous studies suggest the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin (Eng). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate demographic data, VEGF and Eng expression, and immune complexes deposition in patients with PFE. METHODS: This study included patients with PFE (n=31) and controls with pemphigus vulgaris (PV; n=10), psoriasis (PSO; n=10), and health individuals (CS; n=14) that had serum and skin samples stored. Serum levels of VEGF, soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1), anti-Dsg1 and Dsg3 were measured by ELISA, and the in situ expression of VEGF, Eng, and immune complexes was evaluated utilizing an automated immunohistochemistry (IH) platform (n=19). After digitalizing the slides, the reactivity was manually classified as 0 (negative), 1 (mild-to-moderate) and 2 (intense), and also analyzed by software. RESULTS: PFE occurred at the onset of the disease in 25/31 (80.6%) patients, with a mean age of 42.7 years and a female predominance (23/31; 74.2%). Patients were hospitalized with an average length of stay of 41.2 days. Bacterial infection was the main complication (30/31; 96.8%), with bacteremia in 10/31 (32.3%) due to Staphylococcus aureus in 7/10 (70%) patients. Herpes simplex virus infection in 11/31 (35.5%) PFE patients caused prolonged hospitalization. Indirect immunofluorescence titers and serum anti-Dsg1 and VEGF (ELISA) were increased in PFE vs. non-erythrodermic PF (PFNE) (p < 0.05). Serum levels of sVEGFR-1 were similar in PFE and PFNE, and weakly correlated with anti-Dsg1 in PFNE (p=0.0342). Manual analysis of anti-VEGF positivity in PFE was statistically different from PFNE (p=0.042) and CS (p=0.004), and similar to PSO (p=0.667) and PV (p=0.667). VEGF expression in PFNE was statistically different from PSO (p=0.049) and PV (p=0.049) and similar to CS (p=0.247). The automated positive vessel count with anti-Eng was similar between PFE and PFNE (p=0.700) and PSO (p=0.133), but different from PV (p=0.0009). Immune complex deposits were evaluated in 6 specimens obtained during PFE and exhibited: intraepidermal intercellular deposits with IgG and C3 (n=6), IgA (n=5) and IgM (n=1); reactivity to inflammatory cells with IgG e C3 (n=6), IgM and IgA (n=1); vascular deposits with IgG, C3 and IgA (n=6), and IgM (n=5); and adnexal positivity with IgG and C3 (n=6), IgA (n=3) and IgM (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: Erythroderma predominates at the onset of PF, especially in women, with higher infectious risk. Increased expression of serum and in situ VEGF suggests that healing processes are triggered in response to the tissue damage caused by high levels of circulating autoantibodies in PFE. The reduced expression of Eng in PFE demonstrates a dysregulated angiogenesis during erythroderma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that showed intraepidermal and dermal deposits of multiple immune complexes utilizing automated IH analysis
|
323 |
Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes adultos com dermatite atópica / The assessment of quality of life in adult patients with atopic dermatitisCoghi, Silvana Lessi 01 August 2005 (has links)
A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma dermatose inflamatória crônica que persiste no adulto em 40% dos casos. Foram avaliados 75 adultos com DA, utilizando um questionário geral (SF-36) e um específico (DLQI). O escore de gravidade empregado foi o EASI, e o prurido e a insônia foram avaliados por medidas subjetivas. Os aspectos emocionais da QV na DA foram os mais comprometidos, e quatro grupos, segundo o EASI e o SF-36 foram estabelecidos: I (16/75)-doença leve e menor comprometimento da QV; II (19/75)-doença leve e maior comprometimento da QV, com predomínio do sexo feminino; III (7/75)-doença grave e menor comprometimento da QV; IV (33/75)-doença grave e maior comprometimento da QV. Sugerimos que a QV deve ser cuidadosamente considerada quando utilizada como instrumento exclusivo de avaliação na DA no adulto / INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis AD) is a chronic, inflammatory and pruritic dermatosis with an increasing prevalence in the last 30 years. It affects 2-7% of the adults, and may persist in adult life in 40% of the cases. Adults with AD suffer an impact generated with this disease in the physical and especially in the emotional aspects in their daily activities, social and familial dynamics, leading to financial and self-esteem losses. The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life (QV) of these patients. METHODS: Seventy-five adult patients with AD were evaluated, utilizing a generic (SF-36) and a specific (DLQI)questionnaire. EASI was the severity score chosen, and pruritus and insomnia were evaluated by subjective measures. Patients were divided into four distinct groups, according to EASI and SF-36. RESULTS: The most compromised domains were related to the emotional aspects in SF-36, and symptoms and feelings in DLQI. Four groups, according to EASI and SF-36 were established: I (16/75)-mild disease and less QV compromise; II (19/75)-mild disease and more QV compromise, with predominance of women; III (7/75)-severe disease and less QV compromise; IV (33/75)-severe disease and more QV compromise. These groups did not show any correlation with age, educational level, income and time length of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that QV must be carefully evaluated, when utilized as exclusive evaluation instrument in adult AD, once individual emotional aspects may masquerade its analysis.
|
324 |
Rôle du facteur de transcription Nrf2 dans le contrôle de l'allergie cutanée en réponse aux molécules allergisantes / Role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in the control of allergic reactions in response to contact sensitizersEl ali, Zeina 12 December 2013 (has links)
Les réactions allergiques telles que les réactions d’hypersensibilité de contact (HSC) sont un problème de santé publique. Il s’agit d’une réaction inflammatoire aiguë qui survient suite à des expositions répétées d’une molécule allergisante avec la peau et dans laquelle les cellules dendritiques (DC) jouent un rôle essentiel. Les composés chimiques tels que le dinitrochlorobenzène (DNCB) ou le cinnamaldéhyde (CinA), responsables d'HSC, sont capables d’induire un stress chimique et de produire des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ERO). Parmi les voies de détoxication en réponse aux xénobiotiques, la voie Nrf2/Keap1 est une voie centrale connue pour la détection de composés électrophiles. A l’état basal et en absence de stress, Nrf2 est couplé à son répresseur cytosolique Keap1 qui assure sa dégradation via le protéasome. En présence d’un stress chimique, Nrf2 transloque dans le noyau et induit l’expression des gènes antioxydants [hème-oxygénase 1 (ho-1), NADPH quinone oxydoréductase (nqo1), glutathione-s-transférase (gst)]. En absence de Nrf2, nous avons montré que le DNCB et le CinA induisent la mort cellulaire des DC via l'activation des caspases impliquées dans la voie mitochondriale ou intrinsèque de l'apoptose. Cette mort cellulaire induite par le DNCB est ERO dépendante tandis que celle induite par le CinA est moins sensible à la production des ERO. En présence de Nrf2, la survie des DC est régulée par l'expression de bcl-2, un gène antiapoptotique, et des gènes antioxydants. Nrf2 semblerait activer ou réprimer la transcription des gènes et ce en fonction de la molécule testée, du temps de traitement. Par ailleurs, nous avons également montré que Nrf2 joue un rôle clef dans les phases de sensibilisation et d'élicitation de la réaction d'HSC mais également au cours de l'irritation. Des transferts adoptifs de DC ont permis de montrer le rôle clef de Nrf2 dans la DC au cours de l'HSC. Enfin, notre étude montre que Nrf2 régule les Treg au niveau du tissu cutané et participe à la tolérance cutanée. / Allergic reactions such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS) are a problem of public health occurring after repeated exposures to contact sensitizers. CHS is a common skin disease involving dendritic cells (DC) playing a key role in this pathology. Contact sensitizers, like dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or cinnamaldehyde (CinA) are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is central for detoxification. In the absence of a chemical stress, Keap1 associates with Nrf2 and leading to its degradation. In the presence of an electrophilic compound like contact sensitizers, Keap1’s conformation is modified leading to Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and transcription of its target genes [heme-oxygénase 1 (ho-1), NADPH quinone oxydoreductase (nqo1), glutathione-s-transferase (gst)]. We showed, for the first time, that Nrf2 controls the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activity in DC activated by contact sensitizers. In the absence of Nrf2, DNCB and CinA induced DC apoptosis via caspase activation involved in intrinsic pathway of apoptosis also called ‘mitochondrial pathway’. This apoptosis was mainly mediated by the production of ROS in response to DNCB. However, ROS faintly control CinA-induced cell death. We also showed that Nrf2 controls the transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 in response to DNCB or CinA and also the transcription of immune related and antioxidant genes that could be implicated in DC apoptosis.Otherwise, we also showed that Nrf2 plays a key role in sensitization and elicitation phases of CHS and even in the irritation phase. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that Nrf2 plays a crucial role in DC during CHS.Finally, we showed that Nrf2 regulates skin Treg and participates to skin tolerance.
|
325 |
Rôle de la CK2 dans l’activation de la réponse immunitaire induite par les molécules allergisantes et son lien avec Nrf2 / Role of the protein kinase CK2 in the activation of immune response induced by contact sensitizers - and its link with Nrf2Bourayne, Marie de 09 July 2015 (has links)
L’eczéma allergique de contact (EAC) est une réaction inflammatoire aiguë médiée par les lymphocytes T (LT), survenant suite à l’exposition répétée de la peau avec une molécule allergisante présente dans l’environnement quotidien ou professionnel. Les molécules allergisantes sont des composés de faible poids moléculaire, appelés haptènes, qui activent les cellules dendritiques (DC). Les DC jouent un rôle essentiel dans la mise en place d’un EAC : elles acquièrent un phénotype mature, contrôlé par la voie des MAPK et la voie NF-B, leur permettant de présenter l’haptène aux LT afin d’initier ainsi une réponse immunitaire spécifique.Nous avons identifié au sein de la DC une nouvelle kinase, la protéine kinase CK2, indispensable à l’acquisition d’un phénotype mature et à la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires clés dans l’orientation d’une réponse immunitaire. L’activité de la CK2 dans la DC est nécessaire à la génération d’une réponse Th1 en contrôlant la sécrétion d’IFN par les LT, et maintient une réponse Th17 préexistante. De plus, la CK2 permet à la DC de contrôler l’induction d’une réponse Th2 spontanée. Par ailleurs, la CK2 contrôle l’expression des gènes cibles de Nrf2, un facteur de transcription majeur dans la lutte contre le stress chimique induit par les haptènes. L’activation de Nrf2 met en jeu de nombreuses voies de signalisation, et nous avons mis en évidence c-Jun, facteur de transcription activé par les molécules allergisantes, comme un potentiel partenaire transcriptionnel de Nrf2. / Allergic contact dermatitis represents a severe health problem with increasing worldwide prevalence. It is a T cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease caused by chemicals present in daily or professional environment. Contact sensitizers are low molecular weight compounds termed haptens. These molecules are known to induce an up-regulation of phenotypic markers and cytokine secretion in dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, leading to the generation of effector T lymphocytes (LT).We identified a new kinase, termed CK2 (formerly casein kinase 2), as a key kinase in DCs in the acquisition of a mature phenotype and in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, involved in T cell polarization in response to contact sensitizers. CK2 activity in DC is necessary to induce a Th1 polarization by controlling the secretion of IFN- by LT, and maintains a pre-existing Th17 response. Moreover, CK2 in DC negatively controls a spontaneous Th2 response.Finally, CK2 controls the expression of Nrf2 target genes mRNA. Nrf2 is a protective transcription factor playing a major role in detoxification, oxidative stress and allergic inflammation generated by contact sensitizers. Nrf2 activation involves different kinases and we highlight that c-Jun could be bound to Nrf2 to generate an active transcriptional complex in response to chemicals.
|
326 |
Analytik von phenolischen Substanzen und Epoxiden in Materialien mit Lebensmittel- und/oder dermalem KontaktWermann, Silke 11 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Ein Großteil der Lebensmittel wird in der heutigen Zeit vor allem aufgrund ihrer langen Haltbarkeit in Konservendosen verpackt. Zur Qualitätserhaltung des Lebensmittels werden Weißblechdosen im Innenbereich in der Regel mit einer Lackierung versehen. Lackrohstoffe sind dabei u. a. Phenol- und Epoxidharze, die als Basis- oder Vernetzerkomponente eingesetzt werden. Bei der Herstellung und Lagerung dieser Lebensmittel kann jedoch nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass es zur Migration von Bestandteilen aus der Kunststoffinnenbeschichtung in das Füllgut kommt. Toxikologisch und somit auch analytisch sind dabei vor allem die migrierenden Verbindungen unter 1000 Da von Interesse, da Substanzen mit einer Molmasse von über 1000 Da nur zu weniger als 1 % im Gastrointestinaltrakt absorbiert werden. Analytik von phenolischen Verbindungen Bei Untersuchungen zur Migration phenolischer Verbindungen unter Verwendung verschiedener Modellcoatings und Simulanzlösemittel wurden Konzentrationen an migrierenden phenolischen Substanzen in Summe bis 160 µg/dm² bestimmt, womit dieser Gehalt deutlich unter dem gesetzlichen Grenzwert für die Gesamtmigration von 10 mg/dm² liegt. Die Quantifizierung erfolgte dabei über SEC-FLD-Kalibriergeraden der für diese Coatings verwendeten Phenolharze. Tendenziell steigt dabei die Menge an übergehenden Verbindungen mit abnehmender Polarität der verwendeten Simulanzien. Ebenso abhängig vom Lösungsmittel ist die Molekulargewichts¬verteilung der im Migrat enthaltenen Phenole. So zeigte sich eine deutliche Verschiebung der phenolischen Verbindungen zu höheren Molekulargewichten mit abnehmender Polarität der Simulanzlösemittel. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen besitzen jedoch alle migrierenden Substanzen eine Molmasse von unter 1000 Da. Das beobachtete Migrationsverhalten kann u. a. auf die unterschiedliche Reaktivität der phenolischen Basismonomere der Harze zurückgeführt werden, wodurch die Fähigkeit variiert, unter den Einbrennbedingungen ein ausgeprägtes Netzwerk zu bilden. Zur näheren Charakterisierung der Phenolharze wurden einzelne Hauptverbindungen der RP-HPLC-FLD-Chromatogramme identifiziert. Über Derivatisierungsreaktionen mit Picolinsäure, Essigsäureanhydrid sowie Dansylchlorid konnten Informationen zur Anzahl an alkoholischen und phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen im Molekül erhalten werden. Mit dem Wissen um die eingesetzten Phenolmonomere und einer eventuellen Veretherung konnten Strukturvorschläge erstellt werden. Die Quantifizierung der migrierenden phenolischen Verbindungen in Migraten kommerzieller Coatings in Summe wurde über eine universell anwendbare Kalibrierung angestrebt. Dazu wurden 17 verschiedene Phenolharze bezüglich der Steigung der SEC-FLD-Kalibriergeraden, des mittleren Molekulargewichtes, der Hydroxylzahl und dem Verhältnis OH-Gruppen/Molekül charakterisiert. Wie erwartet steigt mit wenigen Ausnahmen die Anzahl der OH-Gruppen im Molekül tendenziell mit dem mittleren Molekulargewicht. Es zeigte sich zudem, dass die verschiedenen Phenolharze in ihren fluorophoren Eigenschaften stark variieren. Die Steigung der SEC-FLD-Kalibriergeraden konnte zudem in keine Korrelation mit einem anderen ermittelten Parameter gebracht werden. Die Anwendung einer universellen Kalibriergerade zur Quantifizierung war deshalb nicht möglich. Die Größenordnungen der Migratkonzentrationen konnten daher nur über die zwei im Anstieg am stärksten variierenden SEC-FLD-Kalibriergeraden abgeschätzt werden. Bei der Analyse kommerzieller Epoxy-Phenol-Coatings war im Gegensatz zu Polyester-Phenol-Coatings die isolierte Detektion der phenolischen Verbindungen im Migrat mittels Fluoreszenz nicht möglich, da sowohl Epoxide als auch Phenole fluorophorer Eigenschaft besitzen. Es wurde daher eine Methode zur Abtrennung der Phenole von anderen im Migrat enthaltenen Subtanzen auf Basis eines Anionenaustauschermaterials entwickelt. Dabei wurde die Eigenschaft der Phenole genutzt, im basischen Milieu Phenolate zu bilden. Diese, aber auch Säuren adsorbieren am Austauschermaterial, während Epoxide oder Polyester nicht retardiert werden. Für zwei kommerzielle Epoxy-Phenol-Coatings konnte somit der Anteil an phenolischen Verbindungen im Migrat zu 7 und 28 % bestimmt werden. Mittels RP-HPLC/ESI-MS war es möglich, einige der phenolischen Verbindungen in diesen Migraten zu identifizieren. Dabei handelt es sich um nichtepoxidierte BPA-Derivate der Epoxidkomponente des Coatings, die aufgrund des BPA-Grundkörpers eine phenolische Hydroxylgruppe besitzen. Phenolische Vernetzungsprodukte beider Basisharze konnten dagegen nicht identifiziert werden. Die Menge an migrierenden phenolischen Verbindungen der beiden Epoxy-Phenol-Coatings konnte über die Kalibration eines niedermolekularen Epoxidharzes zu 0,1 mg/dm² bzw. 0,27 mg/dm² abgeschätzt werden. Während für einzelne phenolische Verbindungen gesetzliche Grenzwerte für die Migration bestehen, gibt es für Oligomere, mit Ausnahme von BPA keine spezifischen Migrationslimits. Ebenso sind in der Literatur kaum toxikologische Untersuchungen zu Phenololigomeren zu finden. Um einen ersten Einblick in die toxikologische Relevanz migrierender phenolischer Verbindungen zu erhalten, wurden mehrere kommerzielle als auch selbst synthetisierte phenolische Standardsubstanzen und verschiedene Molekulargewichtsfraktionen eines Phenolharzes, im Fischembryotest an Eiern des Zebrabärblings (Brachydanio rerio) nach DIN 38415-T647 und/oder Neutralrottest an Hep-G2 und HT-29 Zellen untersucht. Die stärksten Effekte im Fischembryotest bewirkte das Trimer BPM, hier reichte bereits eine Konzentration von etwa 2 mg/l aus, um 50 % der Fischembryonen letal zu schädigen. Im Gegensatz dazu waren beim Dimer 5-Hydroxymethyl-2,4´-dihydroxydiphenylmethan (M 230) mit einem EC50-Wert von 170 mg/l die geringste toxikologische Wirkung zu beobachten. Für alle anderen Subtanzen konnten EC50-Werte im Bereich 20 - 100 mg/l bestimmt werden. Tendenziell zeichnete sich dabei eine Zunahme der EC50-Werte mit steigender Lipophilie, ausgedrückt über den KOW-Wert ab, was auf den Aufbau der Fischeier zurückzuführen ist. So müssen die zu untersuchenden Xenobiotika mehrere lipophile Membranen durchdringen, um am eigentlichen Wirkungsort Einfluss auf die Embryonalentwicklung nehmen zu können. Im Zelltest konnten tendenziell ähnliche Ergebnisse ermittelt werden wie im Fischembryotest, wobei in der Regel die Hep-G2 Zellen empfindlicher reagieren als die HT-29 Zellen. Während für Phenol im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich keine toxischen Effekte beobachtet werden konnten, liegen die EC50-Werte für das Trimer BPM, analog zum Fischembryotest deutlich unter 10 mg/l. Für die anderen Verbindungen wurden EC50-Werte zwischen 16 und 100 mg/l bestimmt. Analog zu den Untersuchungen der Einzelsubstanzen zeigte sich auch bei den 5 untersuchten Molekulargewichtsfraktionen zwischen 0 und 1000 Da, dass das toxikologische Potential im niedermolekularen Bereich (0 - 200 Da) gegenüber den Fraktionen 200 400 und 400 600 Da vergleichsweise gering ist. Bereits 25,1 mg/l bzw. 17,3 mg/l der Fraktionen 200 400 Da und 400 600 Da waren in den Tests ausreichend, um alle Embryonen letal zu schädigen. Im Molekulargewichtsbereich über 600 Da konnten dagegen lediglich subletale oder gar keine Missbildungen beobachtet werden. Analytik von Epoxiden In der amtlichen Überwachung beschränkt sich die Analytik von Epoxidverbindungen bisher auf die Bestimmung rechtlich geregelter Einzelsubstanzen. Eine Summenmethode zur Erfassung aller in einem Migrat enthaltenen Substanzen mit reaktionsfähigen Oxirangruppen, wodurch das gesamte Reaktionspotential erfasst werden kann, liegt dagegen nicht vor. Zur selektiven Erfassung aller oxirangruppenhaltigen Verbindungen wurde daher mittels statistischer Versuchsplanung eine Derivatisierung mittels Cysteamin entwickelt. Die Reaktion mit Cysteamin erfolgt dabei nach Abtrennung der Substanzen &gt; 1000 Da mittels Größenausschlusschromatographie. Im Anschluss werden die Derivate durch Zugabe eines Kationenaustauschers aus der Lösung entfernt. Durch den Vergleich der RP-HPLC-FLD Chromatogramme vor und nach der Aufarbeitung können Substanzen mit intakten Oxirangruppen somit einfach erkannt werden. Eine quantitative Abschätzung der enthaltenen Epoxidverbindungen ist bei Lacken auf Basis von BPA-Harzen über die BPA-Chromophorkonzentration möglich. Bei der Untersuchung von 5 kommerziellen Coatings wurden in den einzelnen Migraten recht unterschiedliche Gehalte an Substanzen mit intakten Epoxidgruppen ermittelt. Ebenso ist die Anzahl der oxriangruppenhaltigen Verbindungen, auf die sich dieser Gehalt verteilt sehr unterschiedlich, was möglicherweise an unterschiedlichen Einbrennzeiten, -temperaturen aber auch der Menge an Lack pro m² und an der Art und Menge des Reaktionspartners liegt. Für die Konzentration der epoxidischen Verbindungen in den Coatingmigraten wurden Werte zwischen 18,5 und 835 µg/dm² bestimmt. Dies entspricht einem Anteil der reaktionsfähigen Substanzen an der Fraktion unter 1000 Da berechnet über die Flächen im Chromatogramm zwischen 2,6 und 76,3 %. Neben dem Einsatz als Basismaterial für Konservendoseninnenbeschichtungen werden Epoxidharzsysteme auch in Zubereitungen wie Grundierungen, Füllmassen, Lacken oder Klebstoffen für die Bauchemie vielfach in verschiedenen Mischungen (aromatische, aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Glycidylether bzw. Siloxanglycidylether) eingesetzt. Durch den Kontakt dieser Materialien mit der Haut kann es zu Kontaktekzemen kommen, deren Ursache durch Epikutantests (Patchtests) mit den potentiell auslösenden Substanzen ermittelt werden kann. Der Umfang der in den Standardtestsystemen enthalten Testsubstanzen entspricht dabei jedoch nicht dem Spektrum der in der Industrie verwendeten Materialien. Über die genaue Zusammensetzung der in den Patchtest´s eingesetzten Materialien ist zudem wenig bekannt. Durch die Analyse einer Vielzahl von Patchtestsubstanzen und industriellen Epoxidkomponenten mittels RP-HPLC/UVD bzw. -ELSD Chromatographie und die Identifizierung der enthaltenen Verbindungen über RP-HPLC/ESI-MSD, konnte ein genaueres Bild über den Charakter dieser Materialen gewonnen werden. Bei den BPA- und BPF-Harzen wurden überwiegend Monomere, die entsprechenden Di- und Trimere aber auch dessen hydrolysierte Verbindungen identifiziert. Im Gegensatz dazu liegen bei den analysierten aliphatischen Produkten z. T. die reinen Glycidylether gar nicht oder nur in geringen prozentualen Anteilen vor. Vielmehr wird durch die sauer geführte Reaktion bei den aliphatischen Verbindungen die Bildung von 1,3 Chlorhydrinen als Nebenreaktion zur 1,2 Chlorhydrinbildung gefördert, wodurch eine beträchtliche Menge an Substanzen, die nicht verseifbares Chlor enthalten, in den Materialien vorhanden ist. Um die enthaltenen Verbindungen von aliphatischen und cycloaliphatischen Epoxidzubereitungen quantifizieren zu können, wurde eine Derivatisierung mit einem selbst synthetisierten Fluorophor (5-(Dimethylamino)-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1-naphthalen-sulfonamid) entwickelt. Dadurch konnten auch Verbindungen erfasst werden, die aufgrund ihrer Flüchtigkeit mittels ELSD nicht detektierbar waren. Bei der Analyse von Handelsprodukten zeigte sich, dass die einzelnen Komponenten in ihrer Zusammensetzung gut mit den untersuchten aromatischen und aliphatischen Rohmaterialien vergleichbar sind. Bei entsprechend eingesetzten Patchtestsubstanzen spiegeln diese somit die Produkte gut wieder, mit denen die Patienten in Kontakt kommen.
|
327 |
Nouvelles applications des nanoparticules organiques : de la vectorisation d'un mélange d'actifs à travers la peau jusqu'au développement d'un test diagnostique in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums / New applications of organic nanoparticles : vestorisation of mix through the skin and developmentof in vitro assay for the diagnosis of fragrance allergyCortial, Angèle 30 January 2015 (has links)
Les nanoparticules (NPs) organiques représentent un outil majeur d'innovation en dermatologie. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de développer et d'optimiser des procédés d'encapsulation d'un mélange de molécules odorantes appelé fragrance mix I (FMI) dans des nanoparticules (NPs) de différentes natures: NPs polymères (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL), ou NPs lipidiques solides (SLNs) (à base de vaseline, beurre de karité, cire de candelilla, triglycérides C10-18, ou palmitate de cétyle). Ces nouveaux systèmes ont alors été évalués pour la vectorisation de ce mélange à travers un explant de peau de porc, afin de modéliser la distribution des molécules composant le FMI dans les différentes assises cutanées. En parallèle, elles ont également été appliquées en tant que promoteurs de solubilisation du FMI pour le développement d'un nouveau test de diagnostic in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums. Nos résultats montrent que: (i) les NPs polymères, principalement anioniques, sont les plus adaptées pour promouvoir la pénétration transépidermique du FMI. Au contraire, les SLNs s'agglomèrent dans le stratum corneum, conduisant à une accumulation du FMI dans cette assise ; (ii) qu'au-delà du type de vecteur utilisé, la pénétration des molécules du FMI dans les couches les plus profondes de la peau dépend de leur coefficient de partage intrinsèque ; (iii) que les nanoparticules de PCL augmentent significativement la solubilisation du FMI dans les milieux de culture conventionnels et permettent ainsi une réactivation robuste des lymphocytes T spécifiques circulant chez des patients présentant une allergie au parfums. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme donc tout le potentiel des NPs organiques pour le développement de futures stratégies de délivrance ciblée de plusieurs actifs dans les différents compartiments cutanés. Ces nouveaux vecteurs offrent en outre une alternative prometteuse pour améliorer le diagnostic de l'eczéma de contact induit par les parfums et plus généralement par des allergènes hydrophobes / The aim of this work was to develop and optimize methods for fragrance mix I (FMI) encapsulation into nanoparticles (NPs) of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) : polymeric NPs (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and solid lipid NPs (SLNs) (prepared with petrolatum, shea butter, candelilla wax, C10-18 triglycerides, or cetyl palmitate). Then, these new NPss were evaluated as vectors through a pig skin to analyze the distribution of the FMI molecules in the different skin layers. In parallel, NPs have also been applied as solubilizers for the development of a new in vitro test for the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Our results show that (i) NPs polymers, mainly anionic NPs, are the most suitable vectors to promote trans-epidermal penetration of fragrance. On the contrary, SLNs were found in the stratum corneum, leading to an accumulation of fragrance in this layer; (ii) whatever the type of NPs, the penetration of the FMI molecules in the deeper layers of the skin depends on their intrinsic partition coefficient; (iii) PCL-NPs significantly increase the FMI solubilization in conventional culture media and, allowing a robust reactivation of circulating specific T cells in patients with allergy to fragrances. All of these results confirm the potential of organic NPs for the development of future strategies (for the skin delivery of several actives in the different skin layers). These new vectors further offer a promising alternative to improve the diagnosis of contact dermatitis induced by fragrances and more generally by hydrophobic allergens
|
328 |
Avaliação da expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular e da endoglina nos pacientes eritrodérmicos com pênfigo foliáceo / Vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin expression in erythrodermic patients with pemphigus foliaceusDenise Miyamoto 07 June 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O pênfigo foliáceo (PF) caracteriza-se pela síntese de autoanticorpos contra a desmogleína 1 (Dsg1) com acantólise na epiderme superior. As lesões na face e tronco podem evoluir para eritrodermia (PFE), cuja patogênese é pouco conhecida. Estudos prévios sugerem a participação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e da endoglina (Eng). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar dados demográficos, expressão tecidual e níveis séricos do VEGF e Eng, bem como o perfil dos imunocomplexos no PFE. PACIENTES, MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes de PFE (n=31) e indivíduos controles com pênfigo vulgar (PV; n=10), psoríase (PSO; n=10) e saudáveis (CS; n=14) com amostras de soro e pele armazenadas. Os níveis séricos do VEGF, receptor solúvel do VEGF (sVEGFR-1), anti-Dsg1 e -Dsg3 foram avaliados por meio da técnica de ELISA, e a presença do VEGF, Eng, e imunocomplexos in situ foi determinada por imuno-histoquímica (IH) em plataforma automatizada (n=19). Após digitalização das lâminas, a reatividade aos anticorpos supracitados foi classificada manualmente em: 0 (ausente), 1 (discreta-moderada) e 2 (intensa), e analisada por software. RESULTADOS: PFE ocorreu no início da doença em 25/31 pacientes (80,6%), com média de idade de 42,7 anos e predomínio feminino (23/31; 74,2%). Os pacientes foram hospitalizados em média por 41,2 dias; infecção bacteriana foi a principal complicação (30/31; 96,8%), com bacteremia em 10/31 (32,3%) causada por Staphylococcus aureus em 7/10 (70%) dos pacientes. Infecção pelo vírus do herpes simples (HSV) em 11/31 (35,5%) doentes determinou internação prolongada. Valores de imunofluorescência indireta, e anti-Dsg1 e VEGF séricos (ELISA) foram superiores no PFE vs. PF não-eritrodérmico (PFNE) (p < 0,05). Níveis do sVEGFR-1 foram semelhantes no PFE e PFNE, e correlacionaram-se fracamente com a anti-Dsg1 no PFNE (p=0,034). A avaliação manual da IH com anti-VEGF no PFE foi estatisticamente diferente do PFNE (p=0,042) e CS (p=0,004), e similar ao PV (p=0,667) e PSO (p=0,667). Já no PFNE, a expressão do VEGF foi estatisticamente diferente do PV (p=0,049) e PSO (p=0,049) e semelhante ao CS (p=0,247). A contagem automatizada dos vasos marcados com anti-Eng no PFE foi similar ao PFNE (p=0,700) e PSO (p=0,133), e diferente do PV (p=0,0009) e CS (p=0,0009). A avaliação de 6 espécimes de PFE mostrou depósitos de imunocomplexos: intercelulares intraepidérmicos com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgA (n=5) e IgM (n=1); nas células inflamatórias com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgM e IgA (n=1); nos vasos com IgG, C3 e IgA (n=6), e IgM (n=5); e nos anexos com IgG e C3 (n=6), IgA (n=3) e IgM (n=1). CONCLUSÕES: O PFE predomina no início da doença e em mulheres, com maior risco de infecção. O aumento do VEGF sérico e tecidual sugere uma resposta reparadora ao dano tecidual causado pelos níveis elevados de autoanticorpos no PFE. A menor expressão de Eng no PFE indica uma desregulação da angiogênese na eritrodermia. De forma pioneira, a IH automatizada demonstrou a presença de imunocomplexos intraepidérmicos e nas estruturas dérmicas / BACKGROUND: Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), triggering superficial acantholysis. Lesions on the face and trunk may evolve to erythroderma (PFE). The pathogenesis of PFE is not fully understood. Previous studies suggest the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin (Eng). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate demographic data, VEGF and Eng expression, and immune complexes deposition in patients with PFE. METHODS: This study included patients with PFE (n=31) and controls with pemphigus vulgaris (PV; n=10), psoriasis (PSO; n=10), and health individuals (CS; n=14) that had serum and skin samples stored. Serum levels of VEGF, soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1), anti-Dsg1 and Dsg3 were measured by ELISA, and the in situ expression of VEGF, Eng, and immune complexes was evaluated utilizing an automated immunohistochemistry (IH) platform (n=19). After digitalizing the slides, the reactivity was manually classified as 0 (negative), 1 (mild-to-moderate) and 2 (intense), and also analyzed by software. RESULTS: PFE occurred at the onset of the disease in 25/31 (80.6%) patients, with a mean age of 42.7 years and a female predominance (23/31; 74.2%). Patients were hospitalized with an average length of stay of 41.2 days. Bacterial infection was the main complication (30/31; 96.8%), with bacteremia in 10/31 (32.3%) due to Staphylococcus aureus in 7/10 (70%) patients. Herpes simplex virus infection in 11/31 (35.5%) PFE patients caused prolonged hospitalization. Indirect immunofluorescence titers and serum anti-Dsg1 and VEGF (ELISA) were increased in PFE vs. non-erythrodermic PF (PFNE) (p < 0.05). Serum levels of sVEGFR-1 were similar in PFE and PFNE, and weakly correlated with anti-Dsg1 in PFNE (p=0.0342). Manual analysis of anti-VEGF positivity in PFE was statistically different from PFNE (p=0.042) and CS (p=0.004), and similar to PSO (p=0.667) and PV (p=0.667). VEGF expression in PFNE was statistically different from PSO (p=0.049) and PV (p=0.049) and similar to CS (p=0.247). The automated positive vessel count with anti-Eng was similar between PFE and PFNE (p=0.700) and PSO (p=0.133), but different from PV (p=0.0009). Immune complex deposits were evaluated in 6 specimens obtained during PFE and exhibited: intraepidermal intercellular deposits with IgG and C3 (n=6), IgA (n=5) and IgM (n=1); reactivity to inflammatory cells with IgG e C3 (n=6), IgM and IgA (n=1); vascular deposits with IgG, C3 and IgA (n=6), and IgM (n=5); and adnexal positivity with IgG and C3 (n=6), IgA (n=3) and IgM (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: Erythroderma predominates at the onset of PF, especially in women, with higher infectious risk. Increased expression of serum and in situ VEGF suggests that healing processes are triggered in response to the tissue damage caused by high levels of circulating autoantibodies in PFE. The reduced expression of Eng in PFE demonstrates a dysregulated angiogenesis during erythroderma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that showed intraepidermal and dermal deposits of multiple immune complexes utilizing automated IH analysis
|
329 |
Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes adultos com dermatite atópica / The assessment of quality of life in adult patients with atopic dermatitisSilvana Lessi Coghi 01 August 2005 (has links)
A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma dermatose inflamatória crônica que persiste no adulto em 40% dos casos. Foram avaliados 75 adultos com DA, utilizando um questionário geral (SF-36) e um específico (DLQI). O escore de gravidade empregado foi o EASI, e o prurido e a insônia foram avaliados por medidas subjetivas. Os aspectos emocionais da QV na DA foram os mais comprometidos, e quatro grupos, segundo o EASI e o SF-36 foram estabelecidos: I (16/75)-doença leve e menor comprometimento da QV; II (19/75)-doença leve e maior comprometimento da QV, com predomínio do sexo feminino; III (7/75)-doença grave e menor comprometimento da QV; IV (33/75)-doença grave e maior comprometimento da QV. Sugerimos que a QV deve ser cuidadosamente considerada quando utilizada como instrumento exclusivo de avaliação na DA no adulto / INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis AD) is a chronic, inflammatory and pruritic dermatosis with an increasing prevalence in the last 30 years. It affects 2-7% of the adults, and may persist in adult life in 40% of the cases. Adults with AD suffer an impact generated with this disease in the physical and especially in the emotional aspects in their daily activities, social and familial dynamics, leading to financial and self-esteem losses. The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life (QV) of these patients. METHODS: Seventy-five adult patients with AD were evaluated, utilizing a generic (SF-36) and a specific (DLQI)questionnaire. EASI was the severity score chosen, and pruritus and insomnia were evaluated by subjective measures. Patients were divided into four distinct groups, according to EASI and SF-36. RESULTS: The most compromised domains were related to the emotional aspects in SF-36, and symptoms and feelings in DLQI. Four groups, according to EASI and SF-36 were established: I (16/75)-mild disease and less QV compromise; II (19/75)-mild disease and more QV compromise, with predominance of women; III (7/75)-severe disease and less QV compromise; IV (33/75)-severe disease and more QV compromise. These groups did not show any correlation with age, educational level, income and time length of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that QV must be carefully evaluated, when utilized as exclusive evaluation instrument in adult AD, once individual emotional aspects may masquerade its analysis.
|
330 |
Avaliação da relevância do teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia no diagnóstico da sensibilização a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia tropicalisLima, Ingrid Pimentel Cunha Magalhães de Souza 24 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-10-10T13:46:10Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
ingridpimentelcunhamagalhaesdesouzalima.pdf: 1571962 bytes, checksum: 521511b66ed89adf27b01a59f98c7cfc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T13:34:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
ingridpimentelcunhamagalhaesdesouzalima.pdf: 1571962 bytes, checksum: 521511b66ed89adf27b01a59f98c7cfc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T13:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ingridpimentelcunhamagalhaesdesouzalima.pdf: 1571962 bytes, checksum: 521511b66ed89adf27b01a59f98c7cfc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-08-24 / O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a positividade do teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia para Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia tropicalis em pacientes com doenças respiratórias como rinite alérgica e/ou asma com ou sem dermatite atópica. A maioria dos trabalhos existentes nessa área de pesquisa se refere ao emprego desse método diagnóstico na dermatite atópica, mas, neste estudo, a amostra é composta, principalmente, de pacientes com doenças respiratórias. Blomia tropicalis é um ácaro muito incidente no Brasil e só há dois trabalhos que envolvem o emprego deste ácaro da poeira domiciliar típico de países de clima tropical. Os pacientes foram selecionados pela história clínica e foram divididos em dois grupos: I- pacientes com doenças respiratórias, como asma e/ou rinite alérgica, com dermatite atópica e II- pacientes somente com doenças respiratórias. Foi realizado teste cutâneo de leitura imediata e teste de cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia para os três ácaros no mesmo dia. O teste de contato alérgico foi retirado em 48 horas. A análise estatísitica foi realizada em porcentagens e a tabela 1 apresenta as variáveis por sexo e por grupo estudado. Setenta e quatro pacientes, com idades de 2 a 60 anos, foram incluídos neste estudo; 16 no grupo I e 58 no grupo II. Considerando o teste cutâneo de leitura imediata, o ácaro mais prevalente foi o Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, seguido pelo Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia tropicalis. Em relação ao teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia, o ácaro que induziu maior positividade foi o Dermatophagoides farinae (78,4%), seguido pelo Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (77%) e Blomia tropicalis (52,7%). Comparando o teste cutâneo de leitura imediata com o teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia, 53 pacientes (71,6%) foram positivos para ambos os testes, e 30 (56,6%) foram positivos ao mesmo ácaro. Foram identificados seis pacientes (8%) que tinham história clinica positiva para alergia e só apresentavam positividade no teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia. Estes resultados sugerem que o teste cutâneo de contato alérgico de leitura tardia é relevante e deve ser considerado como um teste diagnóstico adicional, em pacientes com história clínica positiva para doenças respiratórias, com teste cutâneo de leitura imediata negativa. / The aim of this study is to evaluate the positivity rates of atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis in patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis with or without atopic dermatitis. Most studies have been performed with atopic dermatitis patients, but in our study, most of the patients had respiratory conditions. Blomia tropicalis is a mite that is prevalent in tropical areas, such as Brazil, and only two publications include these three mites, which are present in Brazil. The patients’ clinical histories were collected, and the patients were subjected to skin prick and patch tests with the three different house dust mites on the same day. The patch tests were examined 48 hours later, and then, the patients were divided into two groups: I- patients with respiratory diseases, such as asthma and/or rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and II-patients with only respiratory diseases. The statistical analysis results are presented as percentages, and Table 1 presents the variables by gender and groups studied. A total of 74 patients ranging in age from 2 to 60 years old were included in this study; 16 patients were included in group I and 58 were included in group II. In the skin prick tests, the most prevalent mite that evoked a reaction was Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus, followed by Dermatophagoides farinae and
Blomia tropicalis. Regarding the atopy patch tests, the mite that most frequently induced a positive reaction was Dermatophagoides farinae (78.4%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (77%) and Blomia tropicalis (52.7%). A comparison between the skin prick and atopy patch tests revealed that 53 patients (71.6%) were positive on both tests, and 30 (56.6%) patients were positivite for the same mite. We found six patients (8%) who had a positive clinical history of allergy and only exhibited positivity on the atopy patch test. These results suggest that the mite atopy patch test is relevant and should be considered as an additional test for patients with clinical histories of allergic respiratory disease who have negative prick test results.
|
Page generated in 0.101 seconds