Current technology for locating and validating composite services are not sufficient due to the following reasons. • Current frameworks do not have the capacity to create complete service descriptions since they do not model all the functional aspects together (i.e. the purpose of a service, state transitions, data transformations). Those that deal with behavioural descriptions are unable to model the ordering constraints between concurrent interactions completely since they do not consider the time taken by interactions. Furthermore, there is no mechanism to assess the correctness of a functional description. • Existing semantic-based matching techniques cannot locate services that conform to global constraints. Semantic-based techniques use ontological relationships to perform mappings between the terms in service descriptions and user requests. Therefore, unlike techniques that perform either direct string matching or schema matching, semantic-based approaches can match descriptions created with different terminologies and achieve a higher recall. Global constraints relate to restrictions on values of two or more attributes of multiple constituent services. • Current techniques that generate and validate global communication models of composite services yield inaccurate results (i.e. detect phantom deadlocks or ignore actual deadlocks) since they either (i) do not support all types of interactions (i.e. only send and receive, not service and invoke) or (ii) do not consider the time taken by interactions. This thesis presents novel ideas to deal with the stated limitations. First, we propose two formalisms (WS-ALUE and WS-π-calculus) for creating functional and behavioural descriptions respectively. WS-ALUE extends the Description Logic language ALUE with some new predicates and models all the functional aspects together. WS-π-calculus extends π-calculus with Interval Time Logic (ITL) axioms. ITL axioms accurately model temporal relationships between concurrent interactions. A technique comparing a WS-π-calculus description of a service against its WS-ALUE description is introduced to detect any errors that are not equally reflected in both descriptions. We propose novel semantic-based matching techniques to locate composite services that conform to global constraints. These constraints are of two types: strictly dependent or independent. A constraint is of the former type if the values that should be assigned to all the remaining restricted attributes can be uniquely determined once a value is assigned to one. Any global constraint that is not strictly dependent is independent. A complete and correct technique that locates services that conform to strictly dependent constraints in polynomial time, is defined using a three-dimensional data cube. The proposed approach that deals with independent constraints is correct, but not complete, and is a heuristic approach. It incorporates user defined objective functions, greedy algorithms and domain rules to locate conforming services. We propose a new approach to generate global communication models (of composite services) that are free of deadlocks and synchronisation conflicts. This approach is an extension of a transitive temporal reasoning mechanism.

This essay investigates experienced intensity through character description and development in Stephen King’s Cell. The thesis of the essay is that a deliberately produced narrative indeterminacy, used mainly on the level of character descriptions, is what produces intensity by holding the readers of Cell in suspense, i.e., in a state of uncertainty. While King might stretch the fundamentals of the classic horror genre, he does not abandon them, experimenting with a genre that makes the readers wonder what to expect next, thereby creating suspenseful questions. Since the focus of the essay is the readers’ reactions on character descriptions, I apply reader response theory and the works of Norman Holland, David Bleich and Yvonne Leffler. The result of the investigation shows that narrative techniques, such as placing brief descriptions of characters in the course of events in the narrative together with altered norms and normality allow the readers to experience heightened emotions and feelings. King alters norms and normality, and presents character descriptions in a fashion that is unexpected; thus the readers do not know exactly how to relate to these character descriptions.

Orientador: Monica Graciela Zoppi-Fontana / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrari_AnaJosefina_D.pdf: 5308648 bytes, checksum: bb67826a96ee1160214a34fc51bc02b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O tema da escravidão no Brasil foi vastamente tratado nas áreas de história, antropologia e direito. Na área de lingüística, os materiais que compõem os arquivos sobre a escravidão são analisados a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Na Semântica do Acontecimento isto vem ocorrendo há alguns anos. A presente tese de doutorado tem como corpus de análise documentos relativos a esse momento histórico. Analisamos aqui anúncios de fuga de escravos publicados nos jornais da cidade de Campinas entre 1870 e 1880. Partimos do pressuposto de que é através da voz do dono que se forma uma imagem pública e singular do escravo na sociedade campineira do século 19. O escravo, nesses anúncios, é falado, é descrito e, o mais importante, é constituído como sujeito singular. Neles o dono, ao reclamar o escravo como propriedade, como objeto, o diz sujeito de sua própria enunciação. Esse dizer será evidenciado no arquivo em relação ao nome próprio e a descrição. Por este motivo, nesta tese procuramos identificar os diferentes processos discursivos que, relacionados ao nome próprio e a descrição, agem no nosso corpus, delimitando, teoricamente, essas categorias de modo particular. O quadro teórico utilizado será o da Semântica do Acontecimento em diálogo com a Análise de Discurso francesa procurando construir um dispositivo de análise próprio e que possibilite a reflexão sobre os fenômenos lingüísticos encontrados / Abstract: The issue of slavery in Brazil was widely addressed in the fields of history, anthropology and law. In the field of Linguistics the materials that make up the files on slavery are analyzed from different perspectives. In Semantic of the Event it has occurred for a few years. This doctoral dissertation analyzes a corpus of documents related to this historical moment. Here, we analyze the escape announcements of slaves published in newspapers in the city of Campinas between 1870 and 1880. We presuppose that it is the voice of the owner that creates a unique and public image of the slave in the Campina's society of the 19th century. In these announcements, the slave is described and, more importantly, is constituted as a unique subject. They are places where the owner claims the ownership of the slave, who is seen as a property, an object, a subject of his own statement. This will be evidenced in the file in relation to the first name and description. Therefore, this dissertation aims at identifying the different processes of discourse that, related to the first name and description, act in our corpus, defining theoretically these categories in a particular fashion. The theoretical framework underlying this research is the Semantics of the Event in dialogue with the French Analysis of Discourse in an attempt to build a device of analysis which will make it possible to reflect on the linguistic phenomena found / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Esta dissertação analisa as descrições populacionais escritas por Richard Francis Burton entre os anos de 1849 e 1869, publicadas em seus relatos de viagem sobre as regiões da Índia, Península Arábica, África Oriental, Central e Ocidental, e Brasil (viagens realizadas entre 1847 e 1867). O objetivo deste trabalho é notar as transformações nestas descrições e relacioná-las ao lugar de autoridade, à experiência da viagem e à alguns conceitos oriundos da etnologia e antropologia inglesa por volta deste período. A hipótese é que estes elementos interagem na construção do texto do autor e que a compreensão do conteúdo destas descrições torna-se bastante mais efetiva quando se considera esta interação. As posições ambíguas de Burton em especial quanto aos debates entre opções teóricas monogênicas e poligênicas tornam-se mais compreensíveis a partir do ponto de vista que analisa suas descrições através da observação destes três elementos. / This dissertation analyses the populational descriptions written by Richard Francis Burton between 1849 and 1869, published in his books of travel above the regions of India, Arabic Peninsula, East, Central and West Africa, and Brazil (travels achieved between 1847-1867). The aim of this work is to note the transformations in these descriptions and connect them with the authority position, the experience of each travel, and the production of British ethnology and anthropology around those years. The hypothesis is that these elements interact in the construction of the author’s writings, and that the understanding of these descriptions’ contents become much more effective when this interaction is considered. Burton’s ambiguous positions, specially on the debates between monogenic and poligenic theoretic options, become more understandable when observed by the point of view which analyses his descriptions throughout the observation of these three elements.

Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar Nääs / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T14:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_EricaMoura_D.pdf: 1404436 bytes, checksum: 776b79d0c34637de8f79e447207b01b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As regulamentações das normas, padronizações das granjas em relação ao bem-estar e as exigências dos consumidos estão causando uma grande modificação na produção de frangos de corte mundial. Como estas modificações estão ocorrendo juntamente com o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas tecnológicas, que são utilizadas nos sistemas de produção animal, tornam-se uma ferramenta auxiliar aos sistemas de suporte a decisão, voltados para a estimativa de bem-estar animal. Sendo assim, a vocalização dos animais mostrou-se uma ferramenta de análise importante, fornecendo informações de forma não invasiva e possibilitando sua utilização de forma automatizada. A vocalização dos animais mostra a expressão do seu estado, podendo ocorrer de forma espontânea, ou como resultado de algum evento externo, por exemplo, a dor, a fome, a sede. O objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar a análise de reconhecimento de padrões em frangos de corte, inclusive de sexo e relacionar estes padrões aos indicativos de bem-estar. Esta pesquisa aconteceu em duas etapas e durante os primeiros dias de vida das aves. As aves foram divididas em dois grupos, o primeiro grupo com 15 aves e o segundo com 10 aves, foram fornecidos ração e água ad libitum. Foram depois colocados em uma câmara semi-anecóica e a vocalização foi registrada usando um microfone unidirecional acoplado a um gravador digital. No experimento de sexagem, foram utilizados 120 pintainhos da linhagem Cobb® e Ross® previamente sexados a partir das características do empenamento dos pintainhos. As vocalizações têm uma duração média de 2 minutos. Foram feitas análises na estrutura acústica das vocalizações dos pintainhos e foram calculados o "Pitch", intensidade, 1ª e 2ª formante. No primeiro experimento, os resultados mostraram que aves vocalizam de forma diferente, quando isoladas e em grupo. Os pintainhos quando são isolados emitem um som de alta intensidade isso é identificado como "chamada de perigo". A quantidade de energia do sinal foi influenciada pelo peso das aves. Já os resultados da identificação do gênero, as vocalizações de ambos os sexos apresentou resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os resultados das vocalizações dos pintainhos de um dia indicaram que há diferença entre a vocalização de machos e fêmeas / Abstract: The regulations of standards, standardization of farms in the welfare, and the demands of consumption are causing a major change in the production of broiler chickens in Brazil. With these changes are occurring with the development of new technological tools, which are used together in animal production systems, can aid in decision support systems, focused on the estimation of animal welfare. Thus, the vocalization of the animals was shown to be an important analytical tool, providing information in a non-invasive way, and enabling its use in an automated manner. The vocalization of the animals shows the expression of its condition, and it may occur spontaneously or as a result of some external event, e.g., pain, hunger, thirst. The objective of this study was to implement a pattern recognition analysis of broiler chickens, including sex, and to relate these patterns as an indicative of welfare. This research took place in two stages and during the first days of life of birds. The birds were divided into two groups, the first group and the second with 15 birds with 10 birds were provided food and water ad libitum. They were then placed in a semi-anechoic chamber and vocalization was recorded using a unidirectional microphone coupled to a digital recorder. In the experiment of gender, 120 chicks Cobb® and Ross® were used, and they were previously sexed using the characteristics of the feathering of the chicks. The vocalizations were observed within an average of two minutes. Analyzes were performed on the acoustic structure of vocalizations of chicks, and we calculated the "Pitch" intensity, and the 1st and 2nd formant. In the first experiment, the results showed that different birds vocalize when isolated and in groups. The chicks, when isolated, emit a high sound intensity that is identified as "call of danger". The amount of signal energy is influenced by the weight of the birds. As the results of the identification of gender, the vocalizations of both sexes were statistically different. The results of the vocalizations of day-old chicks indicated that there is difference between the vocalization of males and females / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola

Cette recherche vise à comparer des enseignants novices en situation de formation et des enseignants "experts" que sont les maîtres de stages. L'observation et la comparaison des méthodes didactiques utilisées dans l'enseignement technique et dans l'enseignement général, mais aussi dans des disciplines différentes (biologie, chimie, français, histoire) nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'impact de la formation initiale sur les comportements des enseignants novices. / Doctorat en sciences de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

As computer systems become increasingly complex and diverse, so too do the architectures they implement. This leads to an increase in complexity in the tools used to design new hardware and software. One particularly important tool in hardware and software design is the Instruction Set Simulator, which is used to prototype new architectures and hardware features, verify hardware, and test and debug software. Many Architecture Description Languages exist which facilitate the description of new architectural or hardware features, and generate a tools such as simulators. However, these typically suffer from poor performance, are difficult to test effectively, and may be limited in functionality. This thesis considers three objectives when developing Instruction Set Simulators: performance, correctness, and completeness, and presents techniques which contribute to each of these. Performance is obtained by combining Dynamic Binary Translation techniques with a novel analysis of high level architecture descriptions. This makes use of partial evaluation techniques in order to both improve the translation system, and to improve the quality of the translated code, leading a performance improvement of over 2.5x compared to a naïve implementation. This thesis also presents techniques which contribute to the correctness objective. Each possible behaviour of each described instruction is used to guide the generation of a test case. Constraint satisfaction techniques are used to determine the necessary instruction encoding and context for each behaviour to be produced. It is shown that this is a significant improvement over benchmark-driven testing, and this technique has led to the discovery of several bugs and inconsistencies in multiple state of the art instruction set simulators. Finally, several challenges in ‘Full System’ simulation are addressed, contributing to both the performance and completeness objectives. Full System simulation generally carries significant performance costs compared with other simulation strategies. Crucially, instructions which access memory require virtual to physical address translation and can now cause exceptions. Both of these processes must be correctly and efficiently handled by the simulator. This thesis presents novel techniques to address this issue which provide up to a 1.65x speedup over a state of the art solution.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the kinds of terminology used in writing job descriptions for library assistants who provide information services affected the job evaluation rating for the jobs described. The study provided background information on the importance of the problem, pay equity and job evaluation systems, the nature and purpose of contacts in information and reference services, the changing roles of information providers and the problem of terminology in writing job descriptions. To examine whether the terminology in job descriptions made a difference in evaluation, three experienced job evaluators were asked to rate nine job descriptions representing three levels of jobs and three different terminologies: library, computer and generic. The respondents' ratings, five sets of nine ratings each, were analyzed by comparing the individual job evaluation plans, the respondents' numerical ratings and rationales. The findings revealed the similarities and differences in definitions used in each of the plans, the differences in ratings within and among plans and the extent to which the terminology used in the job descriptions could be attributed to differences in ratings. Some inconsistencies in ratings occurred. In most cases, the job description using library terminology was rated higher than its computer or generic counterparts but in two cases it was not. Of the three versions of terminology, the generic version led to the least favourable ratings. Considering the complexity of the responsibility o f contacts present to some degree in all three levels of jobs, some of the jobs may have been undervalued. Recommendations were made for action and for further study. / Arts, Faculty of / Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of / Graduate

Hypoxis is a diverse group of perennial geophytic herbs characterised by hairy leaves and yellow (seldom white) star-shaped flowers. The genus comprises about 70 species with a distribution in the warmer parts of all continents except Europe. With one third of the taxa, the Flora of southern Africa region (South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia and Botswana) is the most species rich for the genus world-wide. A taxonomic revision of the genus in southern Africa was undertaken; 28 species are recognised, one, H. nivea having been newly described. Morphological data were gathered through field observations and specimens kept in cultivation as well as herbarium specimens. Habit, leaf dimensions, inflorescence type and distribution of hairs on leaves were found to provide reliable diagnostic characters for species separation. These characters in combination with geographical distribution patterns were applied in drawing up a key to species in the Flora of southern Africa region. The treatment also includes brief notes on diagnostic characters and relationships, distribution and ecology, etymology, red data status and common names for each taxon. Nine species are data deficient due to insufficient collections or type specimens still to be located, and remain unresolved. Evidence from vegetative anatomy, seed micromorphology and preliminary phytochemistry were used to test possible phylogenetic relationships among species inferred from macromorphology. A few members of the southern African Hypoxis are of medicinal importance as their rhizomes are a rich source of hypoxoside which in its hydrolysed form has been shown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cells. Based largely on a literature survey, a review of the ethnobotany of the Hypoxidaceae, denoting the food, medicinal and magical value of members of the family is also offered. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Science / unrestricted

Detaljplaner används av kommuner som ett sätt att reglera användningen av mark- och vattenområden. Plankartan som hör till detaljplanen är det juridiska dokumentet där kommunen använder sig av planbestämmelser vid utformningen av planområdet. Till plankartan följer det en planbeskrivning som anger syftet och redovisar hur planen ska genomföras och vilka konsekvenser den har på sakägare, miljön och andra som kan komma att beröras av detaljplanen. Vid bristfälliga planbestämmelser och planbeskrivningar kan konsekvenserna för de drabbade medföra kostsamma och utdragna processer. Enligt tidigare studier innehöll 17 % av antagna detaljplaner olämpliga planbestämmelser. Enligt tidigare bestämmelser så var kommunen inte tvungen att samråda med lantmäterimyndigheten vid alla planförfaranden. Lantmäterimyndighetens roll var under samrådet att verka för att planbestämmelser som kunde påverka det fastighetsrättsliga genomförandet var utformade på ett ändamålsenligt sätt. Lantmäterimyndighetens roll ändrades dock i samband med den lagändring som trädde i kraft 1 januari 2015. Regeringen ville effektivisera plangenomförande och detta ledde till att lantmäterimyndigheten fick en tydligare och utökad roll i planprocessen. Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka hur kommunernas ställningstagande till yttranden från lantmäterimyndigheten i samband med samråd och granskningstiden ser ut. Resultatet efter samråd visar att 12 % av detaljplanerna innehöll brister som påtalats av lantmäterimyndigheten men som kommunerna inte åtgärdat. Efter granskningstiden så gick procentandelen ner till 7 % av detaljplanerna. Vid granskning om det var någon skillnad i ställningstaganden mellan kommuner med kommunal lantmäterimyndighet och kommuner med statlig lantmäterimyndighet visade undersökningen att det inte förekom några större skillnader. Studien tyder på att kommunerna lyssnar på de synpunkter och råd lantmäterimyndigheten framför och följaktligen åtgärdar påtalade brister. Detta i sin tur leder förhoppningsvis till ett effektivare plangenomförande. / Detail development plans are a way for the municipalities to regulate the use of land and water territories. The map that follows with the detail development plan is a legal document used by the municipalities to shape the area of the plan by using plan regulations. With the map follows a plan description which describes the purpose of plan, presents the implementation of the plan and the consequences it has on interested parties, the environment and other parties that could be affected by the detail development plan. In the case of deficient plan regulations och plan description the consequences for the afflicted parties can lead to costly and drawn out processes. Earlier studies showed that 17 % of all approved detail development plans contained deficient plan regulations. According to earlier regulations, the municipalities did not have to consult with the cadastrial authorities for every planning proposal. During this time, the role of the cadastral authority was to make sure the plan regulations refering to property law were correct in their configuration not to cause negative consequenses to the implementation of the detail development plan. The role of the cadastral authories changed in conjunction with a constitutional amendment to the law which took effect 1 januari 2015. The government wanted to make the planning implementation more effective and one way to achieve this was to give the cadastral authority a more distinct and extended role during the planning process. The purpose of this study is to examine how the municipalities respond to comments made by the cadastral authority during the review time. The result shows that after the first review time 12 % of the detail development plans that the cadastral authority made remarks on had not been corrected by the municipalities. After the second review time, the procentage had decreased to 7 % of all detail development plans. When comparing the actions taken by municipalities with communal cadastral authority and municipalities with state cadastral authority the analysis showed that there where no significant differences between them. The studie indicates that the municipalities listen to the opinions and advice given by the cadastral authority, thereby deficient plan regulations and plan descriptions are amended accordingly. This will hopefully lead to a more effective implementation of the detail development plans.