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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
361

Relationskontinuitet vid typ 2-diabetes, en lönsam strategi? : En litteraturstudie / Continuity of care in type 2 diabetes, a cost-effective strategy? : A literature review

Mohamed Dubad, Hibak January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Prevalensen för Diabetes mellitus typ 2 ökar i världen och antalet förväntas stiga till 783 miljoner år 2045. Sjukdomen är kronisk och kräver långtidsvård vilket gör att den globala kostnadsbördan förblir hög. Några anledningar till det är sämre delaktighet från patienter, en lägre läkemedelsföljsamhet och förhöjda risker för komplikationer och sjukvårdsinläggningar. På så vis är relationskontinuitet en strategi som syftar att stärka förhållandet mellan patienter och sjukvårdspersonal och därmed generera i lägre vårdkostnader samt en bättre hälsa på individuell- och befolkningsnivå. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka hälsoekonomiska effekter av relationskontinuitet mellan sjukvårdspersonal och patienter med typ-2 diabetes. Metod: Litteraturstudie med data från 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Databaserna CINAHL och Web of Science användes för att samla in data och de sökord som applicerades var: Continuity of care for diabetes patients, patient continuity for diabetes, diabetes type 2 mellitus, T2DM, healthcare costs, costs of care, effects och impacts. Materialet analyserades enligt Braun & Clarkes tematiska analysmetod. Resultat: Tre huvudteman och fyra subteman påträffades. Första temat var ökad hälsolitteracitet som en beskrivning av patienters förbättrade förmåga att förstå och applicera hälsoinformation. Informationen främjade självtillit och läkemedelsföljsamhet. Andra temat var kostnadseffektiv vård som på grund av ur relationskontinuiteten genererade en minskad vårdbelastning. Det sista temat var hälsoekonomiska effekter som en beskrivning av de lägre utgifterna inom ett samhälle. Bland huvudfynden påvisas att desto högre nivå av relationskontinuitet mellan sjukvårdspersonal och patienter desto lägre vårdkostnader, färre sjukhusinläggningar och komplikationer. Slutsats: Relationskontinuitet bidrog till positiva effekter vad gäller vårdkostnader för patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Dock föreligger svårigheter med implementeringen av strategin som gör att effektiviseringen av diabetesvård och i sin tur dess kostnader inte når sin fulla potential. / Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increasing in the world and the number is expected to rise to 783 million in 2045. The disease is chronic and requires long-term care, which means that the global cost burden remains high. Some of the reasons for this are poorer patient participation, lower medication adherence and increased risks of complications and hospital admissions. Thus, continuity of care is a strategy that aims to strengthen the relationship between patients and healthcare personnel and thereby generate lower healthcare costs and better health at the individual and population level. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the health economic effects of continuity of care between health care personnel and diabetes type 2 patients. Method: A literature study with data from 11 different scientific articles. The databases CINAHL and Web of Science were used to collect data and the keywords applied were: Continuity of care for diabetes patients, patient continuity for diabetes, diabetes type 2 mellitus, T2DM, healthcare costs, costs of care, effects och impacts. The material was analyzed in accordance with Braun & Clarkes thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes and four subthemes were identified. The first theme was increased health literacy as a description of patients enhanced ability to understand and apply health information. The information resulted in self-efficacy and medical adherence. The other theme was cost-effective care which in turn led to a lessened burden of care. The last theme was health economic effects to describe the recognized decrease in expenditure within societies. Among the main findings, it is demonstrated that the higher the level of relationship continuity between healthcare professionals and patients, the lover the healthcare costs, fewer hostpitalizations and complications. Conclusion: Continuity of care contributed to positive effects in costs of care for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. However, there are difficulties with the implementation of the strategy which means that the efficiency of diabetes care and in turn, its costs fail to reach their full potential.
362

Upplevelsen av att leva med och hantera diabetes mellitus typ 2 : En litteraturöversikt / The experience of living with and managing diabetes mellitus type 2 : A literature review

Hosseini, Fatemeh, Björnsdottir, Oddny Björk January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en växande folksjukdom globalt. Kostnader för samhället och sjukvården beräknas öka de kommande åren. Sjuksköterskors kunskap är viktig för att hjälpa personer med diabetes typ 2 att hantera sjukdomen. Därför är det viktigt att kunskapsläget hos sjuksköterskor behöver vara brett för att kunna ge stöd, information och kunskap till personer med sjukdomen, även i det förebyggande arbetet för att undvika komplikationer och främja hälsa.  Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med och hantera diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs beskrivning. Tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar användes, från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl Complete. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av tre huvudteman. Dessa teman var: Stöd, motivation och utmaningar till livsstilsändringar, Sjukdomens påverkan på den psykiska hälsan och Individanpassad vård. Sammanfattning: Resultatet visade att diabetes mellitus typ 2 påverkade pden psykiska hälsan, det var stressigt och svårt att ändra livsstil och bibehålla den. Stöd från familjen underlättade för egenvård, och vårdpersonalens stöd, information samt kunskap var av stor vikt för personerna. / Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a growing global health issue, the cost of which is expected to rise in the coming years for societies and healthcare organizations. Nurses’ knowledge is an essential part in assisting people to be able to manage Diabetes type 2. It is therefore important that nurses are broadly educated concerning this disease in order to provide useful information and knowledge to this group of people in order to avoid complications and maintain health. Aim: To describe the experience of living with and dealing with Diabetes Mellitus type 2  Method: The method for this study was in the form of a literature overview in accordance with Fribergs description of the process. Ten qualitative scientific original articles regarding the topic were chosen using the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: The result was in the form of three emerging main themes. These were Support, motivation and challenges to lifestyle changes, The diseases impact on the psychological wellbeing and Individually adapted care.  Summary: Results showed that diabetes mellitus type-2 affected the psychological well-being and that it was associated with considerable stress to change and maintain a new lifestyle. Support from family facilitated self-care and the support and knowledge of healthcare staff was of great importance to this group of people.
363

Eficácia em longo prazo das gliflozinas versus gliptinas no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 após falência da metformina como monoterapia: revisão sistemática e metanálise em rede / Long-term efficacy of gliflozins versus gliptins in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus after metformin failure as monotherapy: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Zilli, Renato Wilberto 24 August 2017 (has links)
A metformina é a droga de escolha no tratamento inicial do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Não existe consenso na literatura sobre qual seria a segunda melhor opção terapêutica após a falência desta em longo prazo. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia em longo prazo de gliflozinas e gliptinas após a falência do tratamento primário com metformina no DM2. Material e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para o maior tempo de tratamento nas bases de dados bases Embase, Pubmed (via Medline), Lilacs e Cochrane Library e metanálise em rede com as sulfoniluréias (glimepirida e glipizida) como meta comparador. Desfechos: eficácia da medicação (valor final da HbA1c e porcentagem de pacientes com HbA1c < 7%), variação de peso e frequência de pacientes com hipoglicemia. Resultados: O maior tempo de segmento foi de quatro anos. Foram selecionados um artigo com empagliflozina, um artigo com dapagliflozina e um artigo com saxagliptina com dados faltantes. Após um ano de tratamento, mais de 50% dos pacientes estavam com HbA1c > 7%. O perfil de eficácia em quatro anos da empagliflozina (23%) foi melhor que da dapagliflozina (5%) e saxagliptina (7%), porém com valores de HbA1c não estatisticamente significantes (7,4 e 7,3% entre as gliflozinas), sem dados para a saxagliptina. Entretanto, a empagliflozina foi superior à glimepirida no período de quatro anos (diferença média padronizada/DMP: 0,40, intervalo de confiança/IC95%: 0,23- 0,56). A variação de peso permaneceu estável após um ano de tratamento, com vantagem em quatro anos para a empa (DMP: 1,56, IC95%: 1,23- 1,88). A frequência de pacientes com hipoglicemia não diferiu entre empagliflozina e dapagliflozina (razão de chances: 1,53, IC95%: 0,80- 2,91) e foi significativamente menor do que em relação às sulfoniluréias. Conclusões: a falência da segunda terapia com gliflozinas ocorre em menos de um ano de tratamento ( > 50% dos pacientes com HbA1c > 7%). A empagliflozina obteve um controle glicêmico melhor em relação às sulfoniluréias, porém semelhante à dapagliflozina. A perda de peso foi mantida por quatro anos, com superioridade para empagliflozina. Houve uma baixa frequência de hipoglicemia nas gliflozinas em comparação com as sulfoniluréias. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a eficácia de gliptinas e gliflozinas em longo prazo, após a falência terapêutica com metformina / Metformin is the first-choice treatment in people with type 2 diabetes (TD2). There is no consensus in the medical literature about which drug would be a second-best option of treatment in the case of metformin failure in long-term. Objective: to assess the long-term efficacy of gliflozins and gliptins once metformin has failed as the primary treatment for TD2. Materials and methods: a systematic review was performed considering the longest period found in Embase, Pubmed (via Medline), Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases and also network meta-analyses using sulfonylureas (glimepiride and glipizide) as a meta comparator. Clinical outcomes where efficacy of medical treatment (final value of HbA1c and percentage of patients with HbA1c < 7%), weight variation and frequency of patients with hypoglycemia. Results: the longest period of the segment was 4 years. It was selected 1 article on empagliflozin, 1 article on dapagliflozin, and 1 article on saxagliptin with missing data. After one year of treatment, over 50% of the patients presented HbA1c > 7%. Efficacy rate in 4 years of empagliflozin (23%) was better than dapagliflozin (5%) and saxagliptin (7%), however presenting statistically non-significant values for HbA1c (7.4 and 7.3% between gliflozins), and missing data for the saxaglifozin. Nonetheless, empagliflozin performed better than glimepiride in the 4-year period (standardized mean difference SMD 0.4, confidence interval CI 95% 0.23 to 0.56). Weight variation remained stable after one year of treatment, presenting empagliflozin better results in the 4-year period (SMD 1.56, CI 95% 1.23 to 1.88). The frequency of patients with hyperglycemia did not vary for empagliflozin and dapagliflozin (odds ratio 1.53, CI 95% 0.8 to 2.91), and it was significantly lower when compared to the sulfonylureas. Conclusions: the failure of the secondary treatment using gliflozins occurs in less than one year of treatment (less than 50% of the patients presenting HbA1c > 7 %). Empagliflozin offered a better glycemic control compared to the sulfonylureas, but similar to dapagliflozin. The weight loss was maintained for 4 years, being empagliflozin the one with better results. There was a low frequency of hypoglycemia for the gliflozins when compared to the sulfonylureas. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of gliptins and gliflozins in the long-term after metformin failure
364

Eficácia em longo prazo das gliflozinas versus gliptinas no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 após falência da metformina como monoterapia: revisão sistemática e metanálise em rede / Long-term efficacy of gliflozins versus gliptins in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus after metformin failure as monotherapy: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Renato Wilberto Zilli 24 August 2017 (has links)
A metformina é a droga de escolha no tratamento inicial do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Não existe consenso na literatura sobre qual seria a segunda melhor opção terapêutica após a falência desta em longo prazo. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia em longo prazo de gliflozinas e gliptinas após a falência do tratamento primário com metformina no DM2. Material e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para o maior tempo de tratamento nas bases de dados bases Embase, Pubmed (via Medline), Lilacs e Cochrane Library e metanálise em rede com as sulfoniluréias (glimepirida e glipizida) como meta comparador. Desfechos: eficácia da medicação (valor final da HbA1c e porcentagem de pacientes com HbA1c < 7%), variação de peso e frequência de pacientes com hipoglicemia. Resultados: O maior tempo de segmento foi de quatro anos. Foram selecionados um artigo com empagliflozina, um artigo com dapagliflozina e um artigo com saxagliptina com dados faltantes. Após um ano de tratamento, mais de 50% dos pacientes estavam com HbA1c > 7%. O perfil de eficácia em quatro anos da empagliflozina (23%) foi melhor que da dapagliflozina (5%) e saxagliptina (7%), porém com valores de HbA1c não estatisticamente significantes (7,4 e 7,3% entre as gliflozinas), sem dados para a saxagliptina. Entretanto, a empagliflozina foi superior à glimepirida no período de quatro anos (diferença média padronizada/DMP: 0,40, intervalo de confiança/IC95%: 0,23- 0,56). A variação de peso permaneceu estável após um ano de tratamento, com vantagem em quatro anos para a empa (DMP: 1,56, IC95%: 1,23- 1,88). A frequência de pacientes com hipoglicemia não diferiu entre empagliflozina e dapagliflozina (razão de chances: 1,53, IC95%: 0,80- 2,91) e foi significativamente menor do que em relação às sulfoniluréias. Conclusões: a falência da segunda terapia com gliflozinas ocorre em menos de um ano de tratamento ( > 50% dos pacientes com HbA1c > 7%). A empagliflozina obteve um controle glicêmico melhor em relação às sulfoniluréias, porém semelhante à dapagliflozina. A perda de peso foi mantida por quatro anos, com superioridade para empagliflozina. Houve uma baixa frequência de hipoglicemia nas gliflozinas em comparação com as sulfoniluréias. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a eficácia de gliptinas e gliflozinas em longo prazo, após a falência terapêutica com metformina / Metformin is the first-choice treatment in people with type 2 diabetes (TD2). There is no consensus in the medical literature about which drug would be a second-best option of treatment in the case of metformin failure in long-term. Objective: to assess the long-term efficacy of gliflozins and gliptins once metformin has failed as the primary treatment for TD2. Materials and methods: a systematic review was performed considering the longest period found in Embase, Pubmed (via Medline), Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases and also network meta-analyses using sulfonylureas (glimepiride and glipizide) as a meta comparator. Clinical outcomes where efficacy of medical treatment (final value of HbA1c and percentage of patients with HbA1c < 7%), weight variation and frequency of patients with hypoglycemia. Results: the longest period of the segment was 4 years. It was selected 1 article on empagliflozin, 1 article on dapagliflozin, and 1 article on saxagliptin with missing data. After one year of treatment, over 50% of the patients presented HbA1c > 7%. Efficacy rate in 4 years of empagliflozin (23%) was better than dapagliflozin (5%) and saxagliptin (7%), however presenting statistically non-significant values for HbA1c (7.4 and 7.3% between gliflozins), and missing data for the saxaglifozin. Nonetheless, empagliflozin performed better than glimepiride in the 4-year period (standardized mean difference SMD 0.4, confidence interval CI 95% 0.23 to 0.56). Weight variation remained stable after one year of treatment, presenting empagliflozin better results in the 4-year period (SMD 1.56, CI 95% 1.23 to 1.88). The frequency of patients with hyperglycemia did not vary for empagliflozin and dapagliflozin (odds ratio 1.53, CI 95% 0.8 to 2.91), and it was significantly lower when compared to the sulfonylureas. Conclusions: the failure of the secondary treatment using gliflozins occurs in less than one year of treatment (less than 50% of the patients presenting HbA1c > 7 %). Empagliflozin offered a better glycemic control compared to the sulfonylureas, but similar to dapagliflozin. The weight loss was maintained for 4 years, being empagliflozin the one with better results. There was a low frequency of hypoglycemia for the gliflozins when compared to the sulfonylureas. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of gliptins and gliflozins in the long-term after metformin failure
365

Повезаност између одабраних параметара комплетне крвне слике, гликорегулације и присуства дегенеративних компликација у типу 2 шећерне болести / Povezanost između odabranih parametara kompletne krvne slike, glikoregulacije i prisustva degenerativnih komplikacija u tipu 2 šećerne bolesti / Connection between selected parameters of complete blood count, glycoregulation and the presence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Milošević Dragana 15 March 2019 (has links)
<p>УВОД: Diabetes mellitus (DM) је водећа глобална епидемија 21. века, сложена болест коју карактерише поремећај метаболизма и хронична хипергликемија, која доводи до развоја микроваскуларних и макроваскуларних компликација. Повишене вредности гликемије у ДМT2 доводе до поремећаја ћелија крви и њихових параметара. Истраживања су показала да хема-толошки параметри имају допринос у настанку оштећења васкуларног ендотела и учествују у развоју дегенеративних промена и путем других механизама код пацијената са дијабетесом. Циљ истраживања је да се утврде могуће промене параметара комплетне крвне слике (ККС) у зависности од гликорегулације, дужине трајања болести и њихова повезаност са микро и макро ангиопатским комликацијама код пацијената са шећерном болести тип 2 (ДМT2). МЕТОДЕ: Студија је била проспективна у трајању од једне године, од 2016. до 2017. године. Истраживањем је обухваћено укупно 137 испитаника, од којих 90 болује од ДМТ2, а 47 је здравих, оба пола, старијих од 40 година, спроведена у Дому здравља &ldquo;Др Милорад Мика Павловић&rdquo;, Инђија, Србија. Да би се утврдила могућа корелација између параметара ККС, гликорегулације у ДМT2 и дегенеративних компликација, испитаници су подељени на више начина: на групу оболелих од ДМT2 и групу здравих; групе оболелих са вредностима HbA1c&le;7% и оне са вредностима HbA1c &gt;7%, као и на групе са и без дегенеративних компликација. Коришћењем стандардних биохемијских поступака анализирани су параметри ККС, параметри гликорегулације, липидни статус, а вршена су и антропометријска мерења. Подаци од пацијената прикупљени су путем упитника и електронског картона пацијента. РЕЗУЛТАТИ: Утврђена је статистички значајна разлика између група са и без шећерне болести за WBC, еозинофилне гранулоците, хемоглобин, MCH, MCHC, SE у 2016. год, неутрофилне гранулоците, моноците, RDW, PDW, SE у 2017. год. У групи чија је дужина трајања ДМT2 већа од 6 година утврђене су повишене вредности MCHC и PDW. У односу на гликорегулацију уочене су значајне разлике у PMDW, великим тромбоцитима и RDW у групи са HbA1c&gt;7%. У односу на дегенеративне микроваскуларне компликације постоје значајне разлике у броју лимфоцита и неутрофилних гранулоцита, а за макроваскуларне компликације у вредностима PDW-а. ЗАКЉУЧАК: На основу добијених резултата нашег истраживања може се закључити да постоји повезаност између појединих хематолошких параметара и гликорегулације, обољевања од шећерне болести као и повезаност са компликацијама код пацијената са ДМТ2.</p> / <p>UVOD: Diabetes mellitus (DM) je vodeća globalna epidemija 21. veka, složena bolest koju karakteriše poremećaj metabolizma i hronična hiperglikemija, koja dovodi do razvoja mikrovaskularnih i makrovaskularnih komplikacija. Povišene vrednosti glikemije u DMT2 dovode do poremećaja ćelija krvi i njihovih parametara. Istraživanja su pokazala da hema-tološki parametri imaju doprinos u nastanku oštećenja vaskularnog endotela i učestvuju u razvoju degenerativnih promena i putem drugih mehanizama kod pacijenata sa dijabetesom. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde moguće promene parametara kompletne krvne slike (KKS) u zavisnosti od glikoregulacije, dužine trajanja bolesti i njihova povezanost sa mikro i makro angiopatskim komlikacijama kod pacijenata sa šećernom bolesti tip 2 (DMT2). METODE: Studija je bila prospektivna u trajanju od jedne godine, od 2016. do 2017. godine. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 137 ispitanika, od kojih 90 boluje od DMT2, a 47 je zdravih, oba pola, starijih od 40 godina, sprovedena u Domu zdravlja &ldquo;Dr Milorad Mika Pavlović&rdquo;, Inđija, Srbija. Da bi se utvrdila moguća korelacija između parametara KKS, glikoregulacije u DMT2 i degenerativnih komplikacija, ispitanici su podeljeni na više načina: na grupu obolelih od DMT2 i grupu zdravih; grupe obolelih sa vrednostima HbA1c&le;7% i one sa vrednostima HbA1c &gt;7%, kao i na grupe sa i bez degenerativnih komplikacija. Korišćenjem standardnih biohemijskih postupaka analizirani su parametri KKS, parametri glikoregulacije, lipidni status, a vršena su i antropometrijska merenja. Podaci od pacijenata prikupljeni su putem upitnika i elektronskog kartona pacijenta. REZULTATI: Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između grupa sa i bez šećerne bolesti za WBC, eozinofilne granulocite, hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, SE u 2016. god, neutrofilne granulocite, monocite, RDW, PDW, SE u 2017. god. U grupi čija je dužina trajanja DMT2 veća od 6 godina utvrđene su povišene vrednosti MCHC i PDW. U odnosu na glikoregulaciju uočene su značajne razlike u PMDW, velikim trombocitima i RDW u grupi sa HbA1c&gt;7%. U odnosu na degenerativne mikrovaskularne komplikacije postoje značajne razlike u broju limfocita i neutrofilnih granulocita, a za makrovaskularne komplikacije u vrednostima PDW-a. ZAKLJUČAK: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata našeg istraživanja može se zaključiti da postoji povezanost između pojedinih hematoloških parametara i glikoregulacije, oboljevanja od šećerne bolesti kao i povezanost sa komplikacijama kod pacijenata sa DMT2.</p> / <p>BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading global epidemic of the 21st century,a complex disease characterized by metabolism disorders and chronic hyperglycaemia, that leads to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Elevated blood glucose level in T2DM lead to disturbance of blood cells and its parameters. Previous studies have reported that haematological parameters have contributed to the development of vascular endothelial damage and are involved in the development of degenerative changes through other mechanisms in patients with diabetes. The aim of the research is to determine possible changes in the complete blood count (CBC) parameters depending on glycemic control, the duration of the disease and their association with micro and macroangiopathic complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The study was prospective from 2016. to 2017. year. The study included a total of 137 subjects, 90 with T2DM and 47 healthy, of both gender over the age of 40 years, from the Health Care Center &quot;Dr Milorad Mika Pavlović&quot; Indjija, Serbia. The subjects were divided into several ways, in order to notice the possible correlation between the CBC parameters and glucose control in T2DM, with and without T2DM, two groups with HbA1c&le;7% and with HbA1c&gt;7%, and with and without complications. We analysed CBC parameters, parameters of glycoregulation, lipid status using standard biochemical methods, performed anthropometric measurements and collected patients data by questionnaire and electronic patient card. RESULTS: There were statistical difference between group with T2DM and healthy subjects for WBC, eos, Hgb, MCH, MCHC, ESR in 2016. and neutro, mono, RDW, PDW, ESR in 2017. In the group of T2DM patients with duration of disease longer than 6 years we found elevated value of MCHC, PDW. In relationship to glycoregulation, significant differences in PMDW, large platelets and RDW were found in the group HbA1c&gt;7%. According to degenerative complications significant differences were revealed in lympho, neutro in the group with microvascular complication, and PDW in the group with macrovascular complications. CONCLUSION: Based on the resuluts of our research, it can be concluded that there is an association between particular haematological parameters and glycoregulation, diabetes mellitus, as well as relationship with degenerative complications in patients with T2DM.</p>
366

Gene x lifestyle interactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related traits

Brito, Ema C, January 2010 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Även tryckt utgåva.
367

Benefícios Precoces da Cirurgia do Bypass Gástrico em Y de Roux: Implicações do GLP-1 e Adiponectina na Melhora do Perfil Metabólico de Pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Early benefits from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: implications of GLP-1 and adiponectin in the improvement of metabolic profile in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Umeda, Luciana Mela [UNIFESP] 29 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-29 / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
368

Efeitos do exercício resistido agudo intenso sobre os marcadores de dano muscular, inflamação e no perfil hormonal e hemodinâmico em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Effects of acute high intensity resistance training over the markers of muscle damage, inflammation and hormonal and hemodynamic profile at individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sousa, Ricardo Augusto Leoni de 14 March 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é caracterizada pela resistência à insulina que pode ser combatida pelo exercício físico. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar os efeitos do exercício resistido agudo de alta intensidade nos marcadores de dano muscular, inflamação e no perfil hormonal no DM2. Foram voluntários 40 homens, sendo 20 diabéticos (D) e 20 não-diabéticos (N/D) que foram divididos em quatro grupos com 10 indivíduos cada que realizaram o exercício a 60% e 75% da carga máxima (N/D-60, D-60, N/D-75, D-75). Os exercícios utilizados foram: supino reto, tríceps no pulley, remada no aparelho, rosca direta com barra, elevação lateral com halteres e agachamento com barra. Sangue foi coletado e foram dosadas os níveis de creatina quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteína C reativa (CRP), testosterona, cortisol e glicemia antes e depois do protocolo de exercícios, sendo também aferida a pressão arterial para avaliar a hipotensão pós exercício (HPE) e a freqüência cardíaca (FC). Utilizou-se Shapiro-Wilk para checar a normalidade da amostra e o teste t de Student pareado, o delta absoluto, a correlação de Spearman, ANOVA one way e pós-teste de BonFerroni para a análise estatística realizada através do programa prisma 5.0. Foi estabelecido como significativos valores de p<0,05. Houve diferença significativa para CK e LDH entre o pré e pós protocolo experimental apenas nos grupos que realizaram ER intenso (p<0,05). Quando avaliada a variação da CK intra e inter grupos obteve-se significância quando comparados N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05). Já na LDH só houve significância quando comparados D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05). A testosterona apresentou diferença significativa entre o antes e depois ER em N/D-75, D-60 e D-75 (p<0,05). Para o cortisol houve uma redução significativa para todos os grupos (p<0,05). Existiu uma redução da glicemia mostrando uma significativa diferença entre o pré e pós protocolo experimental nos grupos N/D-60, N/D-75 e D-75 (p<0,05). Quando avaliado o delta absoluto da relação intra e inter grupos foi obtido na testosterona significância quando comparado o grupo D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05); no cortisol quando comparado intra grupos N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05) e inter grupos N/D-75 e D-75 (p<0,05); na razão T/C houve diferença significativa intra grupos quando comparados N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D60 com D-75 (p<0,05) e na glicemia foi constatada diferença significativa na comparação entre D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05), sendo também mostrada diferença significativa entre N/D-60 com D-60 (p<0,05). A testosterona e a glicemia se correlacionaram no grupo D-75 (r = -0,7447 e p = 0,0135). O ER agudo de alta intensidade ocasiona elevação sérica da CK e da LDH e não promove aumento da CRP que diagnostique inflamação que comprometa a saúde do indivíduo com DM2. O aumento da razão entre a testosterona e o cortisol é favorecida e há redução dos valores da glicemia nos indivíduos com DM2. HPE foi induzida no ER moderado e intenso e a redução da FC apenas no intenso quando comparado o pré e pós protocolo nos diabéticos (p<0,05). Logo, o ER intenso promove excelentes respostas metabólicas e hemodinâmicas sobre os marcadores de dano muscular, inflamatório e no perfil hormonal em indivíduos com DM2.
369

Efeitos do exercício resistido agudo intenso sobre os marcadores de dano muscular, inflamação e no perfil hormonal e hemodinâmico em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Effects of acute high intensity resistance training over the markers of muscle damage, inflammation and hormonal and hemodynamic profile at individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sousa, Ricardo Augusto Leoni de 14 March 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é caracterizada pela resistência à insulina que pode ser combatida pelo exercício físico. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar os efeitos do exercício resistido agudo de alta intensidade nos marcadores de dano muscular, inflamação e no perfil hormonal no DM2. Foram voluntários 40 homens, sendo 20 diabéticos (D) e 20 não-diabéticos (N/D) que foram divididos em quatro grupos com 10 indivíduos cada que realizaram o exercício a 60% e 75% da carga máxima (N/D-60, D-60, N/D-75, D-75). Os exercícios utilizados foram: supino reto, tríceps no pulley, remada no aparelho, rosca direta com barra, elevação lateral com halteres e agachamento com barra. Sangue foi coletado e foram dosadas os níveis de creatina quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteína C reativa (CRP), testosterona, cortisol e glicemia antes e depois do protocolo de exercícios, sendo também aferida a pressão arterial para avaliar a hipotensão pós exercício (HPE) e a freqüência cardíaca (FC). Utilizou-se Shapiro-Wilk para checar a normalidade da amostra e o teste t de Student pareado, o delta absoluto, a correlação de Spearman, ANOVA one way e pós-teste de BonFerroni para a análise estatística realizada através do programa prisma 5.0. Foi estabelecido como significativos valores de p<0,05. Houve diferença significativa para CK e LDH entre o pré e pós protocolo experimental apenas nos grupos que realizaram ER intenso (p<0,05). Quando avaliada a variação da CK intra e inter grupos obteve-se significância quando comparados N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05). Já na LDH só houve significância quando comparados D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05). A testosterona apresentou diferença significativa entre o antes e depois ER em N/D-75, D-60 e D-75 (p<0,05). Para o cortisol houve uma redução significativa para todos os grupos (p<0,05). Existiu uma redução da glicemia mostrando uma significativa diferença entre o pré e pós protocolo experimental nos grupos N/D-60, N/D-75 e D-75 (p<0,05). Quando avaliado o delta absoluto da relação intra e inter grupos foi obtido na testosterona significância quando comparado o grupo D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05); no cortisol quando comparado intra grupos N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05) e inter grupos N/D-75 e D-75 (p<0,05); na razão T/C houve diferença significativa intra grupos quando comparados N/D-60 com N/D-75 e D60 com D-75 (p<0,05) e na glicemia foi constatada diferença significativa na comparação entre D-60 com D-75 (p<0,05), sendo também mostrada diferença significativa entre N/D-60 com D-60 (p<0,05). A testosterona e a glicemia se correlacionaram no grupo D-75 (r = -0,7447 e p = 0,0135). O ER agudo de alta intensidade ocasiona elevação sérica da CK e da LDH e não promove aumento da CRP que diagnostique inflamação que comprometa a saúde do indivíduo com DM2. O aumento da razão entre a testosterona e o cortisol é favorecida e há redução dos valores da glicemia nos indivíduos com DM2. HPE foi induzida no ER moderado e intenso e a redução da FC apenas no intenso quando comparado o pré e pós protocolo nos diabéticos (p<0,05). Logo, o ER intenso promove excelentes respostas metabólicas e hemodinâmicas sobre os marcadores de dano muscular, inflamatório e no perfil hormonal em indivíduos com DM2.
370

Efekat strukturiranog edukativnog programa o tipu 2 dijabetesa u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti na zdravstveno ponašanje i glikoregulaciju pacijenata / The effects of the structured Type 2 diabetes educational programme in primary health care on health behaviour and patient glucoregulation

Požar Hajnalka 30 November 2020 (has links)
<p>Dijabetes melitus je metaboliĉki poremećaj koji karakteri&scaron;e hroniĉna hiperglikemija i predstavlja veoma ozbiljan javno-zdravstveni problem u celom svetu. Najveći potencijal za pobolj&scaron;anje zdravlja obolelih leţi u postizanju i odrţavanju optimalne glikoregulacije. Podaci iz literature pokazuju da se sprovođenjem strukturiranih edukativnih programa o tipu 2 dijabetesa postiţu pozitivni efekti na zdravstveno pona&scaron;anje i glikoregulaciju kod obolelih koji su pohađali edukaciju. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je da se proceni efekat strukturirane edukacije o tipu 2 dijabetesa u primarnoj zdravstvenoj za&scaron;titi na promenu nivoa znanja, zdravstveno pona&scaron;anje, antropometrijske i biohemijske parametre glikoregulacije pacijenata. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u vidu prospektivne studije od februara do avgusta 2018. godine u Savetovali&scaron;tu za dijabetes Doma zdravlja Subotica. Ispitivanje je obuhvatilo 91 pacijenta sa dijagnostikovanim tipom 2 dijabetesa. Ispitanici su pohađali strukturirani &scaron;estonedeljni grupni edukativni program, kreiran za potrebe ovog istraţivanja. U cilju procene efekata edukativnog programa, na poĉetku i ĉetiri meseca nakon edukacije, prikupljeni su podaci o: zdravstvenom pona&scaron;anju, nivou znanja o dijabetesu (Diabetes Knowledge Test), o aktivnostima samonege u prethodnih sedam dana (The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) i o aktivnostima samonege prethodnih osam nedelja (The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire), određeni su antropometrijski (telesna teţina, indeks telesne mase, obim struka i nivo arterijskog krvnog pritiska) i biohemijski parametri glikoregulacije (nivo &scaron;ećera u krvi na&scaron;te, dva sata nakon jela, nivo HbA1c) i lipidni status pacijenata. Na početku strukturirane edukacije 79% pacijenata imalo je nizak nivo znanja o dijabetesu, prosečna vrednost na DKT bila je 46,4%. Nivo samonege pacijenatna bio je nizak i prethodnih 7 dana (SDSCA 45,8%) i prethodnih 8 nedelja (DSMQ 6,75). Trećina (35%) pacijenata imala je prekomernu telesnu masu, a njih 45% bilo je gojazno (BMI 29,85&plusmn;5,47). Povi&scaron;ene vrednosti sistolnog krvnog pritiska imalo je 43%, a dijastolnog 54% pacijenata. Polovina (54,9%) pacijenata imala je idealnu glikoregulaciju (HbA1c 6,56&plusmn;0,96%). Trećina (35%) pacijenata imala je visokorizičan nivo holesterola, a 26% visokoriziĉan nivo triglicerida u krvi. Ispitivanja sprovedena ĉetiri meseca nakon strukturirane edukacije pokazuju značajno povi&scaron;en nivo znanja pacijenata o dijabetesu, tj. visok nivo sa prosečnom vredno&scaron;ću DKT 81,5%. Nivo aktivnosti samonege prethodnih 7 dana i prethodnih 8 nedelja dostigao je umeren nivo (SDSCA 57,7%; DSMQ 7,9). Utvrđeno je značajno smanjenje telesne mase pacijenata za 1,5 kg i indeksa telesne mase, BMI, za 0,58 kg/m2. Procenat gojaznih pacijenata smanjen je na 40%. Povi&scaron;ene vrednosti sistolnog krvnog pritiska imalo je 26,4% (uz proseĉno smanjenje od 4 mmHg), a dijastolnog krvnog pritiska kod 44% pacijenata (uz prosečno smanjenje od 3 mmHg). Utvrđeno je znaĉajno smanjenje nivoa HbA1c za 0,36%, idealnu glikoregulaciju postiglo je 68% pacijenata. Zabeleţeno je smanjenje nivoa ukupnog holesterola za 0,3 mmol/L i nivoa triglicerida u krvi pacijenata za 0,23 mmol/L. Broj pacijenata sa visokorizičnim nivoom holesterola smanjen je za 19,6%, a u visokoriziĉnoj kategoriji triglicerida za 12%. Rezultati studije ukazuju da su efekti strukturiranog edukativnog programa o tipu 2 dijabetesa u primarnoj zdravstvenoj za&scaron;titi značajni, povećani su nivoi znanja i aktivnosti samonege, znaĉajno je smanjena telesna masa, vrednosti arterijskog krvnog pritiska su smanjene a pobolj&scaron;ane su vrednosti pokazatelja glikoregulacije i lipidnog statusa pacijenata.</p> / <p>Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and is a very serious public health issue worldwide. Achieving and maintaining optimal glucoregulation represents major potential for the improvement of affected persons&rsquo; health. According to information available in relative literature, the implementation of restructured Type 2 diabetes education programmes, positive results on health behaviour and glucoregulation in persons who took part in the education. The objective of the research was to assess the effect of structured education on Type 2 diabetes in primary health care, on changes in the level of knowledge, health behaviour and the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of patients&rsquo; glucoregulation. The research was conducted in the form of a prospective study between February and August 2018 in the Diabetes Support Group of the Subotica Health Centre. The research included 91 patients who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Research subjects attended a structured six-week group educational programme, which was specifically developed for the purpose of this research. In order to assess the effects of this educational programme from its outset and four months following the education, data concerning the following were gathered: health behaviour, level of knowledge on diabetes (Diabetes Knowledge Test - DKT), self care activities in the past seven days (The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities - SDSCA) and self care activities in the past eight weeks (The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire - DSMQ). These data were anthropomorphic measurements (weight, height, waist circumference and the level of arterial blood pressure) and biochemical glucoregulation parameters (blood sugar levels on an empty stomach, two hours after a meal, HbA1c levels) and patient lipid status. When the structured education first started, 79% patients had a low level of knowledge on diabetes, and the average score at the DKT was 46.4%. The level of patient self care was also low in the past seven days (SDSCA 45.8%) and past eight weeks (DSMQ 6.75%). One third (35%) of patients had excess body mass, of whom 45% were obese (Body Mass Index &ndash; BMI 29.85&plusmn;5.47). 43% of patients had higher systolic blood pressure values while 54% had higher diastolic blood pressure values. In one half of patients (54.9%), glucoregulation was ideal (HbA1c 6.56&plusmn;0.96%). One third of patients (35%) had highly elevated cholesterol levels, with 26% who had highly elevated triglyceride blood levels. Research conducted during the four-month structured education show a significantly higher level of patient knowledge of diabetes, i.e. high level with the average DKT score of 81.5%. The level of self care activities in the past seven days and eight weeks reached a moderate level (SDCA 57.7%; DSMQ 7.9). A significant reduction in body mass by 1.5 kg as well as Body Mass Index, BMI by 0.58 kg/m2 was determined. The percentage of obese patients was reduced to 40%. 26.4% of patients had increased values of systolic blood pressure (with an average reduction of 4 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure 44% of patients (with an average reduction of 3 mmHg). A significant reduction in HbA1c level by 36% was determined, while 68% of patients achieved ideal glucoregulation. The reduction of total cholesterol level by 0.3% mmol/L as well as triglycerides level by 0.23% mmol/L was recorded. The number of patients with a high-risk cholesterol level was reduced by 19.6%, and the number of patients in high-risk category of triglycerides by 12%. The results of the study indicate that the effects of a structured educational programme on Type 2 diabetes in primary health care are significant. Knowledge levels were increased along with self care activities, body mass was significantly reduced, arterial blood pressure values were reduced and glucoregulation and lipid status values improved.</p>

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