In 2011, Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) was thrust into the Western media spotlight through the murder of LGBTIQ activist, David Kato Kasule, and the now-infamous “Kill the Gays Bill.” During the last six years, SMUG and its members have continued to fight oppressive Ugandan governmental systems and conservative leaders that have been instigated by U.S. evangelical fundamentalists, most notably Scott Lively. And while SMUG and its members have fallen out of the Western media spotlight since 2012, SMUG continues its social justice activism with and for LGBTIQ Ugandans on the ground, while also building transnational coalitions with other LGBTIQ organizations both within and beyond the borders of Uganda. In this dissertation, I examine the ways in which SMUG utilizes its website (sexualminoritiesuganda.com) as a site for transnational and translocal coalition-building for the sake of social justice activism. To understand the ways in which SMUG is engaging in LGBTIQ activism with nuance, I build a conceptual framework for my analysis through five constructs of critical intercultural communication: critical cosmopolitanism, transnational activism, the global-local dialectic, power, and identity. Critical cosmopolitanism, as conceptualized in Communication Studies by Miriam Sobré-Denton and Nilanjana Bardhan (2013), “is a world- and Other-oriented practice of engaging in deliberate, dialogic, critical, non-coercive and ethical communication. Through the play of context-specific dialectics, cosmopolitan communication works with and through cultural differences and historical and emerging power inequalities to achieve ongoing understanding, intercultural growth, mutuality, collaboration and social and global justice goals through critical self-transformation” (p. 50, emphasis in original). Through this definition, I also work with critical cosmopolitanism as conceptualized by Walter Mignolo (2000, 2010, 2012) and Gerard Delanty (2006, 2009). For Mignolo (2000), critical cosmopolitanism “comprises projects located in the exteriority and issuing forth from the colonial difference” (p. 724) as “an argument for globalization from below” (p. 745) that works to dislodge West-centric modes of thinking. Delanty (2006) extends this definition, as critical cosmopolitanism “seeks to discern or make sense of social transformation by identifying new or emergent social realities” (p. 25). In this, critical cosmopolitanism is a project that asks us to consider the ways in which “diversality,” or “diversity as a universal project” (Mignolo, 2000, p. 743), can dislodge Western modernity, colonialism, imperialism, and globalization from above. To understand the ways in which SMUG is engaging in a critical cosmopolitan vision through its website, I examine for clues of transnational activism as a way of performing and engaging in critical cosmopolitanism through Bardhan (2011), Burgmann (2013), and Gledhill (2010). To complicate our understanding of transnational activism, I turn to the global-local dialectic, as conceptualized by Stuart Hall (1997). The global-local dialectic helps me to observe the ways in which SMUG is dislodging all-encompassing narratives that center globalization as a top-down-only mechanism that ceases all local particularities of culture from existing. Kraidy (1999, 2005) also helps me to investigate the ways in which the global and the local are always already present and in a dialectical tension in our postmodern and postcolonial world. To understand more about how these tensions function, I investigate the construct of power through sociologist Jonathan Hearn’s (2012), Theorizing Power. In it, he seeks to shift theorizing of power away from questions regarding what “we mean by power” to questions of “what do we have to bear in mind when studying power?” (p. 4). Through theorizing five oppositions associated with power—“(1) physical versus social power, (2) power ‘to’ versus power ‘over’, (3) asymmetrical versus balanced power, (4) power as structures versus agents, and (5) actual versus potential power” (p. 4)—Hearn helps me to complicate the ways in which power is observed and discussed in relation to SMUG, LGBTIQ Ugandans, Ugandan leadership, U.S. evangelism, and Western political involvement. Finally, I offer a conceptual framework for identity in critical intercultural communication research, including questions on how we theorize difference differently through John T. Warren’s (2008), “Performing Difference,” as well as offering a framework to understand cosmopolitan identity as constructed by Sobré-Denton and Bardhan (2013) and a framing for African queer sexualities through the works of Ugandan feminist scholars, Sylvia Tamale (2003) and Stella Nyanzi (2013). To address my research questions, I engaged in an ideological criticism (Foss, 2003, Hart & Daughton, 2005, Wander, 1983) of SMUG’s website to more fully understand the ideologies driving SMUG’s rhetorical choices. I chose to use ideological criticism as a methodological framework as it allowed me, the critic, to construct a critical framework with which to analyze a text. Ideological criticism also offered me the opportunity to bring critical rhetorical methods into conversation with critical intercultural communication constructs. Through this conceptual and methodological framework, I analyzed 110 screen shots of their website and all 54 articles included as content on their page over the course of 13 months. Through this process, I argue that SMUG is showing signs of a critical cosmopolitan vision in their website through their participation in peripheral partnerships and activism that speaks back to oppressive systems in ways that highlight globalization-from-below, as conceptualized by Walter Mignolo (2000, 2010, 2012). I also trouble the ways in which SMUG represents LGBTIQ Ugandans on the ground as I call for more intersectional representation that speaks more broadly to LGBTIQ Ugandan experiences in the everyday than SMUG is currently offering visitors. This dissertation research also highlights the difficulties of reading critical cosmopolitanism in one online mediated space, and that centering people and the relationships among people is critical when engaging in critical cosmopolitan research. I end this project with a call to critical intercultural communication scholars to offer more nuance around the representations of LGBTIQ people around the world that takes us beyond sensationalized subjects while also not erasing the devastating impacts of LGBTIQ hatred locally and globally.

RODRIGUES, Reginaldo Ferreira. As dimensões da linguagem no Fedro de Platão. 2012. 92f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-12T12:55:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-RFRODRIGUES.pdf: 1256492 bytes, checksum: 2f3b19c1f065a4d095498896c487948a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-12T14:16:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-RFRODRIGUES.pdf: 1256492 bytes, checksum: 2f3b19c1f065a4d095498896c487948a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-12T14:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-RFRODRIGUES.pdf: 1256492 bytes, checksum: 2f3b19c1f065a4d095498896c487948a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / In our research we aim at showing that Plato, as he examines the power of writing and the art of speech understood as rational and logical technique of communication, such as the logographers of his time conceive it, makes room to show its affective and irrational dimension, thereby proving that the rationality of language trought of as technique is not dissociated or in contradiction with its desiderative and passional dimension. We show that Socrates´aim is to point out the factors that impoverish the use of oral or written speech by its producers, insofar as they ignore elements that are essential to dialectic, which should never leave out the specifificit of each kind of listener as well the topic under discussion. / Nesta pesquisa pretendemos mostrar que Platão, ao examinar o poder da escrita e da arte do discurso enquanto uma técnica racional e lógica de comunicação do saber como entendem os logógrafos de sua época, ganha espaço para mostrar sua dimensão afetiva e irracional e assim comprovar que a racionalidade da linguagem enquanto técnica não está dissociada e nem em contradição com sua dimensão desiderativa, passional. Veremos que o alvo de Sócrates é indicar os fatores que empobrecem o uso do discurso oral ou escrito por seus produtores, pois estes o empregam ignorando os elementos essenciais da dialética, que jamais deixa de levar em consideração a especificidade de cada tipo de ouvinte em particular, assim como cada tema discutido.

[pt] Esta dissertação examina a idéia do bem na República de Platão, nas famosas imagens do Sol (505a-509b), da Linha (509d-511e) e da Caverna (514a- 521b; 531c-535a). Após uma introdução que justifica a importância do tema e traz as hipóteses centrais deste estudo, é descrito o contexto em que é apresentada a idéia do bem, como fundamento da principal proposição do diálogo, o governo dos filósofos. No capítulo seguinte, o terceiro, é analisado o uso de imagens, didaticamente conduzido por Sócrates a fim de convencer seus interlocutores da necessidade deste conhecimento máximo e do modo de conhecê-lo, a dialética que renuncia às imagens. Neste capítulo terceiro, são estudadas, ainda, a metáfora e a analogia, relacionadas à teoria das idéias, a fim de entender o aparente paradoxo de condenar as imagens usando-as. O objetivo do quarto capítulo é entender a analogia do Sol, que representa a função causal do bem e indica a sua condição ontológica e epistemológica, além do ser e da essência. O quinto capítulo estuda a imagem da Linha, a fim de identificar a posição do bem, como princípio não hipotético de tudo, na estrutura geral da realidade, indicando o estado da alma que o conhece, a noesis. O sexto capítulo estuda a alegoria da Caverna, seu aspecto pedagógico e a forma de conhecimento dialético capaz de alcançar a idéia do bem, demonstrando a conseqüência prática, ética e política, deste saber. / [en] This dissertation examines the idea of the good in the Republic of Plato, in the famous images of the sun (505a-509b), the line (509d-511e) and the cave (514a-521b; 531c-535a). After an introduction that justifies the importance of the subject and brings the central hypothesis of this study, it is described the context in which it is presented the idea of the good, as the fundament of the capital proposition of the dialogue, the philosophers’ government. In the following chapter, the third one, it is analyzed the use of images, conducted by Socrates to convince his interlocutors of the necessity of this maximum knowledge and the way of knowing it, the dialects that renounce images. In this third chapter, it is yet studied the metaphor and the analogy related to the theory of ideas, to understand the apparent paradox of condemning images using them. The aim of the fourth chapter is to comprehend the analogy of the sun, which represents the causal function of the good and indicates its ontological and epistemological condition, beyond being and essence. The fifth chapter studies the image of the line, to identify the position of the good, as the non hypothetical first principle of everything, in the general structure of reality, indicating the state of soul that knows it, the noesis. The sixth chapter studies the allegory of the cave, its pedagogical aspect and the form of dialectical knowledge able to achieve the idea of the good, demonstrating the practical consequence, ethical and political, of this knowledge.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a matéria da justiça sob um prisma marxista, apresentando uma revisão sistemática das principais linhas de argumentação dentro do campo, explorando as nuances e ênfases de algumas dessas abordagens, bem como os impactos que suas distintas concepções epistemológicas e metodológicas produzem no entendimento do problema. A partir dessa revisão, pergunta-se: é possível elaborar uma interpretação da justiça a partir de Marx? Nesse trabalho, defende-se que tal esforço é possível, desde que a interpretação se paute em uma abordagem dialética, a qual permite compreender a justiça de maneira não atomizada e, ao mesmo tempo, desvencilhá-la do economicismo dogmático que afirma que todas as determinações sociais resultam unicamente dos fatores econômicos. Para construir uma abordagem marxista da justiça, porém, além da dialética há que se ter claro outros dois pilares que constituem a sua teoria: a ideia de transcendência da autoalienação e a máxima marxiana presente na Crítica ao Programa de Gotha: “de cada qual segundo suas capacidades, a cada qual segundo suas necessidades”. / This study aims to appreciate the question of justice using a Marxist approach, presenting a systematic review of the main lines of argument within the field, exploring the hues and emphases between these approaches as well as the impacts that their distinct epistemological and methodological concepts produce in understanding the problem. From this review, a question is posed: is it possible to develop an interpretation of justice based on Marx? In this paper, it is argued that this effort is possible if the interpretation is guided on a dialectical approach, which allows the comprehension of justice in a non-atomized look and, at the same time, free from the dogmatic economicism that states that all social determinations result only from economic factors. In order to build a Marxist approach to justice, however, besides the dialectics, one must consider also two other pillars that constitute his theory: the idea of transcendence of self-alienation and the Marxian aphorism presented in the Critique of the Gotha Program, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a matéria da justiça sob um prisma marxista, apresentando uma revisão sistemática das principais linhas de argumentação dentro do campo, explorando as nuances e ênfases de algumas dessas abordagens, bem como os impactos que suas distintas concepções epistemológicas e metodológicas produzem no entendimento do problema. A partir dessa revisão, pergunta-se: é possível elaborar uma interpretação da justiça a partir de Marx? Nesse trabalho, defende-se que tal esforço é possível, desde que a interpretação se paute em uma abordagem dialética, a qual permite compreender a justiça de maneira não atomizada e, ao mesmo tempo, desvencilhá-la do economicismo dogmático que afirma que todas as determinações sociais resultam unicamente dos fatores econômicos. Para construir uma abordagem marxista da justiça, porém, além da dialética há que se ter claro outros dois pilares que constituem a sua teoria: a ideia de transcendência da autoalienação e a máxima marxiana presente na Crítica ao Programa de Gotha: “de cada qual segundo suas capacidades, a cada qual segundo suas necessidades”. / This study aims to appreciate the question of justice using a Marxist approach, presenting a systematic review of the main lines of argument within the field, exploring the hues and emphases between these approaches as well as the impacts that their distinct epistemological and methodological concepts produce in understanding the problem. From this review, a question is posed: is it possible to develop an interpretation of justice based on Marx? In this paper, it is argued that this effort is possible if the interpretation is guided on a dialectical approach, which allows the comprehension of justice in a non-atomized look and, at the same time, free from the dogmatic economicism that states that all social determinations result only from economic factors. In order to build a Marxist approach to justice, however, besides the dialectics, one must consider also two other pillars that constitute his theory: the idea of transcendence of self-alienation and the Marxian aphorism presented in the Critique of the Gotha Program, "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”.

This paper will examine the issue of Plato’s purposes in the Sophist. First, we will shed light on the main purpose Plato might be drawing in the prologue of the dialog, where the Eleatic Stranger begins to show his philosophical status. Then, we will locate the sophist’s characterization within this main purpose, by reading the result of this characterization as an implicit παράδειγμα which prepares the execution ofthe dialectic and anticipates the defining features of an object key to this science. / El propósito de este trabajo es examinar la cuestión de los objetivos planteados por Platón en el diálogo Sofista. En primer lugar, procuramos echar luz sobre el objetivo general que se estaría trazando en el prólogo de la obra, allí donde el Extranjero de Elea comienza a demostrar su estatus filosófico. En segundo lugar, nos ocupamos de ubicar la caracterización del sofista en el marco de ese objetivo, interpretando el resultado de dicha caracterización como un παράδειγμα implícito que prepara la ejecución de la dialéctica y anticipa los rasgos de un objeto clave de esa ciencia.

This article analyses the Hegelian notion of death, presented in the Phenomenology of Spirit. In this work, Hegel names death the “absolute master” and this idea appears in two different sections of the text. The first mention of the absolute master is in the death struggle for recognition (self-consciousness), whereby the slave, who is aware of death and due to it experiments the anguish of its arrival, abandons the struggle to live at the service of his master. Thus, overcoming his own fear of death, the slave finds in its expression the transformation of the world. The second mention takes place in the analysis of the terror lived during the French Revolution. In this part, Hegel describes how the abstraction of absolute freedom is imposed upon all citizens, generating death and terror among individuals. In both experiences that the subjects (the slave and the citizens) respectively face, death appears as an experience that opens us to reflection and allows us to overcome immediacy. / El presente artículo analiza la noción hegeliana de “muerte”, que se presentaen la Fenomenología del espíritu. En esta obra, Hegel denomina a la muerte el “señor absoluto” y aparece en dos momentos distintos de la obra. El primer momento del “señor absoluto” se encuentra en la lucha por el reconocimiento (sección “Autoconciencia”), donde el siervo, que es consciente de la muerte y vive la angustia de su venida, renuncia a la lucha para vivir al servicio de su amo. Superando así su propio miedo a la muerte, el siervo encuentra en su expresión la transformación del mundo. El segundo momento es el del terror vivido en la Revolución Francesa. En esta parte, Hegel describe cómo la abstracción de la libertad absoluta se impone a todos, generando la muerte y el terror entre los individuos. En ambas experiencias a las que se enfrentan los sujetos (el siervo y los ciudadanos, respectivamente), la muerte aparece como una experiencia que nos abre a la reflexión y que nos permite superar la inmediatez.

O deslocamento kierkegaardiano da dúvida clássica do objeto para o sujeito problematiza os fundamentos de uma modernidade modernizadora que padroniza as experiências até o limite mesmo de uma falência da crítica. Imanente a duvidosas subjetividades que esvaziam absurdamente toda mediação com as coisas, um pensar ambiguamente crítico diferencia-se de determinações abstratas do ser passando pelo que resiste negativamente como historicamente recalcado em cada padronizada abstração, o que perspectiva um reconciliador desrecalque apenas no grande ultrapassamento do problema histórico de uma abstração totalitária. Racionalizando dialeticamente nas coisas existentes sem normatizar uma abstrata negatividade, um pensador crítico ultrapassa ironicamente este ser negativo, problema imanente essencialmente em aberto, para uma paradoxal dialética subjetiva que reconfigura subjetivamente um todo absurdamente crítico mediante uma subjetividade historicamente situada de modo ambíguo como a verdade e a não-verdade; ultrapassada, por sua vez, para além da normatização de um sem-sentido mais que absurdo, problema imanente essencialmente em aberto, por uma nova racionalização dialética. Antes que uma antinomia, que aqui teria um caráter pré-crítico, trata-se de uma antinormatização por parte de um pensar ambiguamente crítico objetivamente encravado de modo subjetivo no limiar histórico de sua própria falência. / The kierkegaardian displacement of the classic doubt from the object towards the subject questions the foundations of a modernizer modernity that standardizes the experiences until the same limit of a bankruptcy of the critical one. Immanent to doubtful subjectivities that empty absurdly all mediation with the things, one to think ambiguously critical is differentiated of abstract determination of the being passing for what it resists negative as historically psychological repression in each standardized abstraction, what perspective a reconciliation not psychological repression only in the great to pass beyond of the historical problem of a totalitarian abstraction. Rationalizing of form dialectic in the existing things without to make norm an abstract to be negative, a critical thinker to pass beyond of this negative being ironically, problem immanent essentially in open, for a paradoxical subjective dialectic that subjectively reconfigures one all absurdly critical through a historically situated subjectivity in ambiguous form as the truth and the not-truth; and it is passed beyond, in turn, leading in consideration the to make norm of a without-direction more than nonsense, problem immanent essentially in open, for a new rationalization dialectic. Before an antinomy, that would have a daily pay-critical character here, is about a antinormalization on the part of one thinking critical ambiguously objective stuck in subjective form about the historical threshold of its proper bankruptcy.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa pretende examinar a noÃÃo de imagem nos livros V, VI e VII e suas implicaÃÃes na formaÃÃo do rei-filÃsofo, na RepÃblica, de PlatÃo. A presente dissertaÃÃo està dividida em dois capÃtulos: o primeiro analisa a proposta de uma nova paidÃia que formarà o rei-filÃsofo, dando destaque à dialÃtica platÃnica. O segundo capÃtulo examina a noÃÃo de imagem, bem como o uso que o filÃsofo faz de vÃrias imagens para tratar justamente de distinguir imagem de essÃncia. Para referir-se à imagem, na RepÃblica, PlatÃo nÃo se vale de um Ãnico termo, mas de vÃrios como eikon, eidolÃn, skiÃ, phÃntasma. Examinamos, ainda, exemplos de imagens usadas na RepÃblica, como a imagem do sol, a da trikymia, a da linha dividida, e a da caverna. / This research aims to examine the notion of image in books V, VI and VII and its implications in the formation of the philosopher-king in the Republic of Plato. It is divided into two chapters: the first one analyzes the proposal of a new paideia that form the philosopher-king, highlighting the Platonic dialectics. The second chapter examines the notion of the image as well as the philosopher makes use of multiple images precisely to distinguish image from essence. In order to refer to the image, in the Republic, Plato doesnât use a single term, but many others like eikon, eidolon, skiÃ, phÃntasma. This dissertation also examines some examples of images used in the Republic, as the image of the sun, the trikymia, the divided line and the cave.

Orientador: Alcides Hector Rodriguez Benoit / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MatosJunior_FabioAmorimde_M.pdf: 1031718 bytes, checksum: b4bb1fc1dab97ac824d789b9f235680a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Conforme retrata Platão na Apologia, o plano de defesa (p???est?) executado por Sócrates possui como núcleo a refutação (??e????) de antigas calúnias (dtaß??a?) contra ele proferidas, em detrimento das acusações que o conduziram a juízo; uma vez que não somente confere o filósofo um maior grau de temeridade àquelas calúnias ¿ em detrimento da ??aF? (acusação escrita) imposta por Meleto ¿ como lhes credita o resultado do julgamento (Apologia 35e-36b). Mas, qual seria a razão para semelhante alusão? Isto é, por que estaria Sócrates convicto de haver refutado a ??aF? que lhe fora imposta e não as antigas acusações? A presente dissertação sustenta que a principal causa desse ¿fracasso¿ assenta-se na impossibilidade de aplicação do ??e????, visto que a ausência de um interlocutor impede a realização da ???t?s?? (processo dialógico), procedimento sem o qual o método utilizado por Sócrates naquele texto faz-se inócuo. Destarte, posteriormente, Platão encontrar-se-ia na iminência de refutar aquelas acusações, contudo, sem utilizar-se para tanto do ??e????. Porém, como dar cabo de semelhante tarefa? Sugere-se que uma tentativa de solução apresentase no Laques, no processo de dramatização que engloba o diálogo. De modo que a ¿contextualização dramática¿ presente nesse texto, longe de constituir-se como reflexo de uma suposta genialidade literária de Platão, seja uma extensão da defesa apresentada na Apologia. Procedimento que possibilitaria uma reabilitação paulatina e propedêutica para Sócrates, e que se fundaria na exaltação ¿ por cidadãos distinguidos de Atenas ¿ das diversas a??ta? (virtudes) do mestre, assim como na crítica ao sistema jurídico vigente (Laques 184d-e). O que permitiu a Platão, em único tempo, ora refutar as calúnias postas na Apologia ¿ suprimindo a carência metodológica do ??e???? ¿ ora reabilitar, perante à pólis, a imagem do mestre injustiçado / Abstract: According to what states Plato in his Apology, the defense plan ((p???est?) executed by Socrates possess as its nucleus the refutation (??e????) of old slanders pronounced against him, to the detriment of the accusations that led him to court. Since it not only grants the philosopher a higher degree of temerity to those slanders ¿ because of the ??aF? (written accusation) imposed by Meletus ¿ but also credits them for the result of the trial (Apology 35e-36b). But what would be the reason for similar allusion? In other words, why would Socrates be convinced of having refuted the ??aF? that had been imposed to him and not the old accusations? This dissertation supports that the main cause of this ¿failure¿ lays on the impossibility of applying the ??e????. Therefore, the absence of a speaker prevents from carrying out the ???t?s?? (dialogic process), procedure without which the method used by Socrates in that text becomes innocuous. Thereby, later on, Plato would find himself in the imminence of refuting those accusations, however, without making any use for that matter of the ??e????. But how to do away with similar task? Is suggested that an attempt of solution presents itself in the Laches, in the process of dramatization that involves the dialogue. In that way, the ¿dramatic context¿ present in the text, far from constituting itself as a reflex of a supposed literary geniality of Plato, is an extension of the defense presented in the Apology. Procedure that would allow a slow and propaedeutic rehabilitation to Socrates, and that would be founded in the exaltation ¿ by distinguished Athens citizens ¿ of the many a??ta? of the master, as well as in the critic to the current legal system (Laches 184d-e). That is what allowed Plato, in a single time, one moment refute those slanders presented in the Apology, suppressing the methodological lack of the ??e????, the next rehabilitate, before the pólis, the image of his injusticed master / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia