Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCILELIA LEMES DE CASTRO SILVA NASCIMENTO.pdf: 1559212 bytes, checksum: f28a9b74e30c324bec433f840c7af921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-11 / This study investigates a range of poetic works created with and disseminated through digital computer media, for their visual, kinetic, and textual practices. We seek to articulate an analytic method grounded in close readings of selected poems out of several contemporary subgenres chosen to focus on poetic practices that raise questions about spatiality, temporality, kineticism, and word-and-image construction. Our chief interest lies in the systematization of the management procedures to access cyber poetry as a poetic form that emerges and is orchestrated in digital media and the forms of engagement presented to the reader. We focus the study on three clusters of poems, the poetic events, the cinematographic poems and visual noise poems. In this study, the attention to the material is applied on the analyzed digital poems. We base on the N. Katherine Hayles s analysis of media. In studying the selected digital poems, we highlighted their spatiotemporal properties and the kinetic and word-picture constructions. We dealt with Flash and animated Poems in the visual noise poetry. We argue that the reader/user s active embodied engagement that is required in the poems analyzed in chapter two and the denial of an active participation in the poems of chapter three is part of the materiality of the works. We emphasize that digital poetry is in a field that is expanding and changing, we dare to say that the poetic writing exploration and experimentation in the age of new media has just begun. / Este estudo investiga uma série de obras poéticas criadas e divulgadas através das mídias digitais, por meio de suas práticas visuais, cinéticas e textuais. Procuramos articular um método analítico fundamentado em leituras de poemas selecionados em vários subgêneros contemporâneos escolhidos para se concentrarem em práticas poéticas que levantem questões sobre a espacialidade, a temporalidade, o cinetismo e a construção de palavras e imagens. O nosso foco principal reside na sistematização dos procedimentos de manejo para acesso à ciberpoesia como forma poética que emerge e é orquestrada em mídias digitais e as formas de engajamento que são apresentadas ao leitor. Concentramos o estudo em três grupos de poemas: os Eventos Poéticos, Poemas Cinematográficos e os Poemas de Ruído Visual. Neste estudo, a atenção ao material é exercida sobre os poemas digitais analisados. Baseamo-nos na análise de mídia de N. Katherine Hayles. Ao estudarmos os poemas digitais selecionados, destacamos as suas propriedades espaço-temporais, as construções cinéticas de palavra-eimagem. Tratamos de poemas em Flash e poemas animados na poesia de ruído visual. Defendemos que o engajamento ativo incorporado que é exigido do leitor/usuário nos poemas analisados no capítulo dois e a negação de uma participação ativa nos poemas do capítulo três faz parte da materialidade das obras. Ressaltamos que a poesia digital constitui-se em um campo que está se expandindo e mudando, não seria ousadia afirmar que a exploração e a experimentação da escrita poética na era das novas mídias apenas começaram.

[pt] A emergência de um novo fenômeno – a literatura digital – na esfera disciplinar dos estudos literários provoca a reorganização e invenção de seus instrumentos analíticos e de seus circuitos de comunicação. Concepções de literatura, historicamente instáveis e deslocando constantemente as suas fronteiras e seu horizonte de expectativa, hoje são marcadas também por travessias do espaço escritural. Neste quadro a tese, Literatura Digital: Desafios Teóricos e Estéticos responde aos desafios teóricos e estéticos contemporâneos elaborando novas formas de saber que permitem entender e circunscrever a literatura digital em contextos de produção e recepção alterados. Inserida simultaneamente em uma tradição e defendendo o seu lugar no cenário contemporâneo, este tipo de literatura requer assim revisões e reformulações significativas. Por enquanto ainda faltam contornos à própria literatura digital, e os processos de teorização circulam em espaços predominantemente transdisciplinares. Ao estabelecerem reciprocidade através da epistemologia da complexidade, a cultura midiática e a teoria da literatura vêm desenvolvendo alianças no campo das possibilidades analíticas das obras literárias digitais. Como estratégia metodológica, a tese alia teorias de produção de presença (GUMBRECHT), eventilização (HAYLES), remediação (BOLTER), teorias autopoiéticas de comunicação (LUHMANN), análise estética do fenômeno digital – interatividade, intermidialidade e performance (SIMANOWSKI) – e Medienumbrüche (GENDOLLA e SCHÄFER) a um olhar sobre realizações concretas (close-readings). Em suma, a tese oferece um repertório conceitual inovador formulando fundamentos para uma nova poética digital. / [en] The emergence of a new phenomenon – digital literature – within the field of literary studies calls for the reorganization and creation of new theoretical and analytical repertoires. Since digital literature partakes of literary tradition as well as introduces critical medial and conceptual innovations that challenge the very concept of literary frontiers and spaces, its scholarly analysis demands significant reformulations in literary studies. As models of communication change, so do the reception and production processes accompanying these changes. Within these altered scenarios, the thesis Digital Literature: Theoretical and Aesthetic Reflections is a response to the aesthetic and theoretical challenges brought on by computer-based literature. As a methodological strategy, the thesis articulates recent trends in the theory of digital aesthetics – remediation (BOLTER), eventilization (HAYLES), correlations of performativity, intermediality and interactivity with meaning-driven analysis (SIMANOWSKI), Medienumbrüche (GENDOLLA and SCHÄFER) – with theories of production of presence (GUMBRECHT), autopoietic communicative models (LUHMANN) and closereadings of digital works. By scripting a dialogue with key theorists from print literary theory as well as new media theorists and artists in the burgeoning field, the thesis offers conceptual and theoretical contributions to the formulation of a poetics of new media.

Les outils de création numériques, conçus pour faciliter la publication des textes en ligne ou la création d’animations interactives, proposent et parfois imposent des façons de présenter les contenus. Les auteurs sont-ils conscients de la possible influence de ces présupposés, anticipations de pratiques et contraintes ? Jusqu’à quel point l’écriture est-elle conditionnée par l’outil que l’auteur emploie ? Quelles sont ses effets sur l’écriture numérique ? Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que les outils-logiciels sont structurés comme des « discours » adressés à l’auteur-concepteur, fondés sur des stratégies que nous nommons « rhétorique de la conception ». Comme l’auteur d’un texte numérique anticipe lors de l'acte d'écriture sur les pratiques du lecteur, l’outil propose des discours qui constituent un ensemble de présupposés, de sous-entendus et d'implicites anticipant sur les pratiques de l'auteur. Il s’agit alors de se pencher sur les relations de pouvoir ainsi établies, et nous nous demanderons si certains éléments de discours de l’outil-logiciel ne sont pas de nature à influencer considérablement le créateur, pour qu’il adhère aux propositions défendant les intérêts ou les stratégies de l'industrie culturelle du logiciel. La création à partir d’éléments préfabriqués remet-elle alors en cause le statut de l’auteur ? / The tools for digital creation, designed as they are to facilitate the publication of online texts or the creation of interactive animations, propose and sometimes impose ways of presenting contents. Are writers aware of the possible influence of these assumptions, patterns of practice and constraints? How much is the act of authoring conditioned by the tool used by the writer? What effect do such tools have on digital creation? In this thesis we will show that software tools are structured as « frameworks » aimed at the writer-designer and based on strategies that we have called « rhetoric for creative authoring ». Just as, in the act of authoring, the writer of a digital text anticipates the practices of the reader, the tool itself proposes a framework which amounts to a number of underlying or implicit givens which anticipate the practices of the author. We therefore need to look into the power relationship thus established and to ask ourselves whether certain elements of the software-tool framework are not strongly influencing the author in order to make him/her adhere to propositions which defend the interests or strategies of the software cultural industry. When starting from prefabricated elements does the creative act not call into question the very status of the author?

[pt] A tese se propõe a refletir sobre as múltiplas faces do escritor Marcelino Freire, considerando tanto seus escritos, em especial aqueles que não foram publicados por grandes editoras, como os projetos por ele desenvolvidos com o objetivo de repensar o cenário de produção e circulação da literatura, reconhecendo em Freire um desempenho semelhante ao de um autor-ator, pode-se assim dizer, por identificarmos em suas ações não apenas o desejo de criar obras e movimentos em torno da palavra, mas também uma insistência em recriar-se, como um sujeito imerso em um jogo cênico. A partir do lançamento de seus livros de contos Freire conseguiu projetar-se no ambiente literário, despertando o interesse tanto de leitores como da crítica. Com Angu de Sangue (2000) o escritor registrou seu modo particular de criação, a saber: uma escrita vingativa, centrada em tornar protagonistas indivíduos marginalizados que em suas atitudes desafiam o esperado, movimento levado ao extremo em Contos Negreiros (2005), vencedor do prêmio Jabuti (2006) na categoria Melhor livro de Contos e Crônicas. Nos últimos anos, o escritor tem alcançado destaque também por ser uma das vozes mais atuantes da literatura brasileira contemporânea a advogar um outro cenário para a escrita, promovendo eventos como a Balada Literária e o projeto Quebras. Um agitado cultural, assim se define Freire, fazendo referência ao seu interesse em movimentar a cena cultural e estimular tanto a entrada de novos autores como a circulação da palavra literária por inúmeros meios. Partindo desse panorama, o estudo problematiza até que ponto as práticas de Freire se colocam de forma tão ruidosa como os livros que o projetaram, ou se, pelo contrário, Freire, apesar de alardear uma renovação da cena, caminha muito próximo a um modo de fazer já existente. Assim, a tese perseguiu dois eixos centrais: perceber como o escritor se coloca diante de um ambiente aberto a novas possibilidades de produção narrativa, em especial, por conta do diálogo com as novas tecnologias da comunicação e da informação e, em paralelo, discutir a relação entre literatura e engajamento, atenta ao transitar e ao agir do escritor tanto nos circuitos tradicionais como nos alternativos. Como um escritor que se esquiva de catalogações rígidas, Marcelino Freire desliza entre a desobediência e o comedimento, entre o ativismo e a reserva, entre a exibição e a invenção, como um criador interessado em ser plural no espaço da página e também fora dela, borrando as fronteiras entre o real e o ficcional, através do gesto de publicização de sua própria pessoa. / [en] The thesis proposes to reflect on the multiple faces of the writer Marcelino Freire, considering both his writings, especially those that were not published by major publishers, and the projects he developed with the objective of rethinking the scenario of production and circulation of Literature, Recognizing in Freire a performance similar to that of an author-actor, one can say, for identifying in his actions not only the desire to create works and movements around the word, but also an insistence on reinventing himself, as a person immersed in a scenic game. From the launching of his short story books that Freire was able to project himself into the literary environment, arousing the interest of both readers and critics. With Angu de Sangue (2000) the writer defined his particular way of creation, namely: a vindictive writing, centered on making protagonists marginalized individuals who in their attitudes defy the expected, this characteristic was pushed to the limit in Contos Negreiros (2005), winner of the Jabuti Award (2006) in the category Best Book of Tales and Chronicles. In recent years, the writer has also achieved prominence for being one of the most active voices of contemporary Brazilian literature to advocate for another scenario for writing, promoting events like the Balada Literária and the Quebras project. A cultural agitated, thus defines Freire himself, referring to his interest in moving the cultural scene, stimulating both the entry of new authors and the circulation of the literature by many means. From this perspective, this study questions the extent to which Freire s practices are as noisy as the books that designed him, or if, on the contrary, Freire, despite boasting a renewal of the scene, walks very close to an already existing modus oprerandi. Thus, the thesis pursued two central axes: to perceive how the writer places himself before an environment open to new possibilities of narrative production, especially, due to the dialogue with the new technologies of communication and information and, in parallel, to discuss the relationship between Literature and engagement, attentive to the transit and the acting of the writer in both traditional and alternative circuits. As a writer who shies away from rigid cataloging, Marcelino Freire slips between disobedience and restraint, between activism and reserve, between exhibition and invention. He wants to be plural in the world of the pages and also outside it, blurring the boundaries between the real and the fictional, through a gesture of publicity of his own person.

Numérifrag, la première partie de ce mémoire, se présente en tant que code source d’un projet de poésie numérique où les balises html ont été trafiquées de manière esthétique. L’effet répétitif et parasitant du code oblige le lecteur à effectuer un travail de décryptage afin de rendre aux poèmes leur lisibilité. Si le texte est linéaire sur papier, la programmation de chaque poème en tant que page web incite le lecteur à naviguer dans l’œuvre et à actualiser son potentiel d’a-linéarité. La seconde partie de ce mémoire, Corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard, s’intéresse à la notion de dispositif en tant que subversion, dans le recueil Le centre blanc (1970) de Nicole Brossard. L’élaboration de ce dispositif passe par le corps qui s’exprime au-travers du texte et trouve son souffle chez le lecteur, par l’acte d'interprétation. / Numérifrag, the first part of this M.A. Thesis, is the source code of a digital poetic project where the html tags have been aesthetically manipulated. The repetitive and parasitizing effect of the code forces the reader to decrypt the poems in order to make them readable. If the text is linear on paper, the programming of each poem into a web page otherwise induces the reader to navigate freely in the work and actualize its potential of a-linearity. The second part of this thesis, Corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard, is about the notion of dispositive as a subversion, in Le centre blanc (1970) by Nicole Brossard. The elaboration of that dispositive is made through the body, which express itself in the text and finds its breath through the reader and his interpretation.

New media have become an essential element of our everyday lives. They are also a platform for digital art. Through them, readers can encounter so-called 'electronic literature' as a developing cultural form, allowing to some extent, the the mutual influencing of media and genres. Firstly, all electronic literature needs to be consistently differentiated from electronic books, similarly the conversion of classical, analogue works into a digital form. This thesis deals with the definition of this specific area of literature, its reflection, including its historical anchoring. This work is necessarily based on an interdisciplinary approach, it draws on concepts from literary theory, however electronic literature cannot be viewed through its paradigms alone, as traditional definition frameworks and concepts cannot be fully applied in the new media environment. There is also emphasis upon media studies' theory, specifically studies of new media. Concurrently, the work deals with a specific form of narrative, the so- called 'interactive narrative', which is not found solely in the works of electronic literature, but it also has a wide scope. The final section presents the results of the author's research focused on readers' response to selected works of electronic literature with an interactive...

Depuis les romans oulipiens d’Italo Calvino – Si par une nuit d’hiver un voyageur et Le Château des destins croisés – jusqu’aux hypertextes de fiction se joue une redéfinition de la forme et des enjeux de l’enchâssement narratif. Ce travail vise, à partir d’un corpus contemporain, à explorer les mutations que connaît cet agencement de récits perçu comme traditionnel et théorisé en France dans les années 1960 par Gérard Genette et Tzvetan Todorov. Nous proposons, avec la notion de multiplication des récits, un assouplissement de ses contours afin d’aborder un corpus d’oeuvres romanesques cherchant à tisser ensemble plusieurs récits tout en brouillant les repères hiérarchiques impliqués par les notions d’enchâssement ou d’insertion. Croisant approche narratologique et prise en compte de la réception, ce travail se donne pour objectif d’interroger ce qu’est la multiplication des récits en ne perdant jamais de vue ses effets, en particulier sur la mise en intrigue (P. Ricoeur) : comment comprendre et analyser la réception passionnée (R. Baroni) du lecteur face à des oeuvres parfois monstrueuses, entremêlant les strates narratives et courant le risque du désordre, de la perte et de l’illisible ? Nous proposons de suivre à la trace le lecteur intrigué, protagoniste de cette étude et arpenteur ou géomètre des espaces fictionnels et textuels ouverts par la multiplication des récits, à travers sa progression dans des romans – imprimés ou numériques – qui placent au coeur de leurs enjeux la question du dispositif narratif / From the Oulipian novels of Italo Calvino – If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller and The Castle of Crossed Destinies – to contemporary hyperfiction, a redefinition of the form and the issue of embedding narratives has taken place. Based on a contemporary corpus, this work aims to explore the mutations of such a narrative structure seen as traditional and theorised by French narratologists (G. Genette, T. Todorov) during the 1960s. The notion of narrative multiplication seeks to increase its potential in order to address a broader field of novels which try to intertwine several narratives at the same time as to interfere with the hierarchical frames of reference implied by embedding narratives. At the crossroads of narratology and theories of reception, this work questions what is narrative multiplication while keeping in mind its effects on the reader and on the plot (P. Ricoeur) : how can we understand and analyse the reader’s passionate reception (R. Baroni) of monstrous novels, interweaving narrative levels and playing with disorder, loss and illegibility ? We offer to follow closely the intrigued reader, protagonist of this study and surveyor or geometrician of fictional and textual spaces created by narrative multiplication, through her progress in novels – printed or digital – which put at the centre of their concerns the question of narrative devices

Ce mémoire a reçu la mention « exceptionnel » de la part du jury. / Ce mémoire a pour objet d’étude la maison d’édition Abrüpt, dont la variété et l’hybridité des productions interrogent les frontières de la textualité. On retrouve chez Abrüpt un ensemble hétérogène d’objets numériques et imprimés qui ne se limitent guère au codex classique : espaces web dynamiques, feuillets pliables et imprimables à la demande, installations spatiales en réalité virtuelle, robots littéraires – pour ne nommer que ceux-ci. Si de nombreux choix éditoriaux témoignent d’une continuité marquée avec la tradition imprimée, la particularité d’Abrüpt consiste à investir les potentialités créatives des technologies numériques, notamment par l’écriture du code informatique. La singularité de ce projet de maîtrise repose en partie sur l’étude de l’envers technique, laquelle donne à voir le processus de création et le fonctionnement des productions littéraires que l’on peut étudier en accès libre via des archives (« dépôts ») facilement appropriables (« clonables ») sous des conditions permissives (grâce à des « licences libres »). Nous procédons d’abord à une analyse thématique d’un ensemble de manifestes choisis parmi le catalogue de la maison d’édition, ce qui permet d’en révéler les orientations économiques, politiques et idéologiques. Nous interrogeons ensuite l’« implémentation » de telles visions du monde dans deux études de cas, « Naufrages » et « enfer.txt ». Les études critiques du code examinant les régimes « extra-fonctionnels » du code informatique situé dans son contexte sociohistorique, c’est notamment par elle que nous entendons faire émerger un surcroît de sens au texte « numériquement conditionné » et à en actualiser le discours latent. Nous intégrons à notre démarche une approche conceptuelle, en particulier au détour d’un approfondissement de la notion de « programme », et recourons à des heuristiques issues des pratiques computationnelles et de l’interprétation modélisante. / The subject of this dissertation is Abrüpt, a collective publisher whose diverse and hybrid productions question the boundaries of textuality. Its wide range of digital and printed objects are far from limited to the classic codex: dynamic web spaces, leaflets that can be folded and printed on demand, virtual reality installations, literary bots—to name but a few. While many of its editorial decisions remain in line with the printed tradition, the publisher’s particularity lies in its creative use of digital technologies, in particular through the writing of computer code. This master’s project examines the technical slope of Abrüpt’s works, attempting to reveal both the creative process and functioning of these literary productions which can be studied in open access via archives (“repositories”) that can be easily appropriated (“cloned”) under permissive conditions (thanks to “free licenses”). We begin with a thematic analysis of a set of manifestos selected from Abrüpt’s catalog, unveiling the economic, political and ideological orientations of the publisher. We then evaluate the “implementation” of such worldviews in two case studies, “Naufrages” and “enfer.txt”. The method of critical code studies examines the “extrafunctional” significance of computer source code situated in its sociohistorical context. It is through this method in particular that we intend to bring to the surface the additional meanings of these “digitally conditioned” texts, showing some possible actualizations of their latent discourse. We integrate a conceptual approach to our work, in particular through an in-depth examination of the notion of “program”, and draw on heuristics from computational practices and modeling interpretation.

This dissertation investigates meaning-making in children's joint-reading transactions with literary apps. The analysis of meaning-making focuses on embodiment as a central aspect of literary app's texts and their reading and on children's negotiation of agency in the act of joint-reading. Meaning-making is understood through a multimodal social semiotics perspective, which considers that meaning is realised in the dynamic transaction between reader, text and social context. Therefore, the dissertation integrates the analysis of the apps and of the children's responses to capture the dynamics of meaning-making in such transactions. Case studies were conducted with six families, who read the apps The Monster at the End of This Book (Stone & Smollin, 2011) and Little Red Riding Hood (Nosy Crow, 2013) in an English public library. The central method of data collection involved video-recorded observations of parent-child joint-reading events, complemented by graphic elicitation, informal interviews and a questionnaire. The video data was analysed through multimodal methods. The findings indicate that the participant readers used their bodies not only as a material point of contact and activation of the interactive features but also as a resource for meaning-making in their transactions with the apps. The reader's body was essential in their engagement with the material and interactive affordances of the apps, in reader's expressions of their responses, and in the sharing of the reading experience with the parents. The body of the reader, through spontaneous and interactive gestures, is a mode of communication in the multimodal ecologies of both the text and the reader's responses. Furthermore, the child readers constantly negotiated their agency within the constraints posed by the text, which include the narrative itself and its interactive features, and those posed by the joint-reading situation. The bodies of the readers played an essential role in this dual negotiation of agency. Children's agency was scripted, that is, the readers exerted their agency within the limitations of a script. The script, however, allowed readers to improvise, and their performances also involved resistance to the script through playful subversion. In the joint-reading event, children's agency was foregrounded, positioning the children as protagonist readers, who performed most of the interactions and lived the aesthetic experience of the text fully, to the expense of their parents, who mostly participated as supporting readers, transferring their agency to the children through scaffolding.

This thesis examines key examples of materially experimental writing (B.S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates, Marc Saporta’s Composition No. 1, and Julio Cortázar’s Hopscotch), hypertext fiction (Geoff Ryman’s 253, in both the online and print versions), and video games (Catherine, L.A. Noire, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, and Phantasmagoria), and asks what new critical understanding of these ‘interactive’ texts, and their broader significance, can be developed by considering the examples as part of a textual continuum. Chapter one focuses on materially experimental writing as part of the textual continuum that is discussed throughout this thesis. It examines the form, function, and reception of key texts, and unpicks emerging issues surrounding truth and realism, the idea of the ostensibly ‘infinite’ text in relation to multicursality and potentiality, and the significance of the presence of authorial instructions that explain to readers how to interact with the texts. The discussions of chapter two centre on hypertext fiction, and examine the significance of new technologies to the acts of reading and writing. This chapter addresses hypertext fiction as part of the continuum on which materially experimental writing and video games are placed, and explores reciprocal concerns of reader agency, multicursality, and the idea of the ‘naturalness’ of hypertext as a method of reading and writing. Chapter three examines video games as part of the continuum, exploring the relationship between print textuality and digital textuality. This chapter draws together the discussions of reciprocity that are ongoing throughout the thesis, examines the significance of open world gaming environments to player agency, and unpicks the idea of empowerment in players and readers. This chapter concludes with a discussion of possible cultural reasons behind what I argue is the reader’s/player’s desire for a high level of perceived agency. The significance of this thesis, then, lies in how it establishes the existence of several reciprocal concerns in these texts including multicursality/potentiality, realism and the accurate representation of truth and, in particular, player and reader agency, which allow the texts to be placed on a textual continuum. This enables cross-media discussions of the reciprocal concerns raised in the texts, which ultimately reveals the ways in which our experiences with these interactive texts are deeply connected to our anxieties about agency in a cultural context in which individualism is encouraged, but our actual individual agency is highly limited.