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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av att använda digitala stöd i samband med arbetsrelaterad stress: : En kvalitativ intervjustudie / District Nurses’ experiences of using digital support in connection with work-related stress: : A qualitative interview study

Widell, Camilla, Rosendahl, Kristina January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Långvarig arbetsrelaterad stress ses som en bidragande orsak till en negativ påverkan på människans hälsa. Distriktsköterskan har en central roll inom hälso-och sjukvården och arbetsuppgifterna är många samt varierande. Höga krav och arbetsbelastning äventyrar distriktssköterskans möjlighet att bedriva en god och säker vård. Olika typer av digitala stöd används inom vården, inte specifikt till att hantera stress men för att stärka distriktssköterskan i sin yrkesroll. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av att använda digitala stöd i samband med arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod: Elva semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Intervjuerna har genomgått kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Studien resulterade i tre huvudkategorier - strategier för stresshantering, -förutsättningar till användning och - inställning till användning av digitala stöd. Resultatet visade att arbetsrelaterad stress påverkar distriktsköterskan arbets- och privatliv. Användning av stöd för stresshantering varierar mellan distriktssköterskorna likaså förutsättningar och intresse av att använda digitala stöd vid stresshantering. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att arbetsrelaterad stress är ett komplext problem där digitala stöd kan hjälpa till vid stresshantering. Därmed ses det som värdefullt att fortsätta forska omkring arbetsrelaterad stress och utveckling av digitala stöd för att kunna bidra till en långsiktigt hållbar arbetsmiljö för distriktssköterskor. / Background: Prolonged work-related stress is considered a contributing cause of negative effects on human health. The district nurse has a central role within health- and medical care and the job assignments are many and diverse. High expectations and a heavy workload jeopardize the district nurse’s ability to deliver a good and safe medical care. Different types of digital tools are used in health care, not for stress handling per se but for professional support. Aim: The aim was to study the district nurses’ experiences of using digital support in connection with work-related stress. Method: Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews underwent qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Result: The study resulted in three main categories; strategies for stress management, preconditions for using and - attitudes toward the use of digital support tools. The result showed that work-related stress effects the district nurse’s work- and private life. The use of supportive tools varies between individual nurses as well as preconditions and interest in using digital support in handling stress. Conclusion: The result shows that work-related stress is a complex problem where digital tools can be of help. It is thus deemed valuable to continue to do research on the development of digital supportive tools in order to contribute to a long-term sustainable work-environment for district nurses.
2

Students´Experience of School Support in Dyslexia

stjernstrom, anna-karin January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to research the experience of support in school for five students with dyslexia. Based on the above, the type of support the students received was examined, their individual experience with their learning difficulties, digital technology and their views about themselves and their individual learning. The study was based on a special educational and socio-cultural perspective.Support in the form of individualized teaching of special educators or specialist teachers has been the method that has historically been used the longest and all students testified to such support in the earlier years. Recently, digital tools have begun to be used more and the studies conducted in this field show that the effect is positive.The study was conducted using qualitative method based on personal interviews of five students in age 14 and 15. The results of this study showed that a majority of the students were positive about the support they received in school for their dyslexic difficulties. The teacher was an important factor in having the dyslexic student’s learning to be most effective. It appears that support for their dyslexic difficulties can contribute to the students feeling more involved in the school, which leads to increased motivation. However, detailed requirements for implementation and support are required for digital learning support to work most effectively. The teacher and their competencies are of great importance when working with students with dyslexia related to the use of digital technology.The school is facing a dilemma as special support can be perceived as a stigma and at the same time it is the prerequisite for the student’s experience of inclusion at the school. It also became clear that several students experienced the level of technology support inadequate.In a future study, the school should review the organizational structure and the specialist teacher’s role as the one who has the key responsibility and assists in the implementation of digital tools in the continuous support for their students.
3

A dimensão técnica nas expressões hipermidiáticas

Almeida Filho, Otávio Nascimento de 15 December 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Otavio Nascimento de Almeida Filho.pdf: 24961337 bytes, checksum: a36878a154273ee6f15e1fb3971e157e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / The objective of this investigation is to help us to understand the technical dimension present in hipemediatic expressions, consubstanciated in mediatic products. This dimension is present in publications in the web, CD-Roms, DVDs, and includes productions of an artistic and educational character that use supports which possess a digital nature. It aims, thus, at dimensioning the necessary and essential technical vectors in the production of communicational contents in hipermediatic environments. So, the technique determines the obligatory courses and defines the steps that must be followed and obeyed in search of the technical dimension in the definition of the success of a hipermediatic expression. What is the nature of the skills and dexterities for the mastery of techniques in author environments? Methodologically, our work tried to face the challenges proposed by interdisciplinary studies in search of concepts and hints that may lead to the understanding of the object of investigation. Anchored in the hermeneutical approach of philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer, which comprehends the experience of philosophy, history and art as privileged ways for the approach of characteristic themes of the Humanities, this investigation built its course. Under such perpective, the investigation is centered in the observation of the works of teacher-artists. The woks of these researchers and artists are those found in the new webs and which exhibit with vigor their updatedness. The collected and analized data point to a complex, even contradictory, scenario, characteristic of the complexity highlighted by the investigation / O objetivo da investigação é compreender a dimensão técnica presente em expressões hipermidiáticas consubstanciadas em produtos midiáticos. Essa dimensão está presente em publicações na web, CD-Roms, DVDs e inclui produções de caráter artístico educacional que utilizam suportes de natureza digital. É, enfim, dimensionar vetor técnico necessário e essencial na produção de conteúdos comunicacionais em ambientes hipermidiáticos. Como a técnica determina os percursos obrigatórios e define os passos que devem ser seguidos e obedecidos na busca pela dimensão técnica na definição do êxito de uma expressão hipermidiática. Qual a natureza das habilidades e destrezas para o domínio de técnicas em ambientes autorais? Metodologicamente, nosso trabalho procurou enfrentar os desafios propostos pelos estudos interdisciplinares na busca por conceitos e pistas que conduzam à compreesão do objeto da investigação. Ancorado na abordagem hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer que compreende a experiência da filosofia, da história e da arte, como modos privilegiados para a abordagem dos temas característicos da área das Humanidades, esta investigação construiu seu percurso. Nessa perspectiva, a investigação está centrada na observação de obras de artistas-professores. Os trabalhos desses pesquisadores e artistas são aqueles que circulam nas novas redes e exibem com vigor sua atualidade. Os dados coletados e analisados apontam para um cenário complexo e mesmo contraditório, característico da complexidade apontada pela investigação
4

Nouvelles technologies : sources d’une nouvelle variété discursive ? / New technologies : source of a new discourse variation ?

Balaci, Diana 13 December 2011 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail est d’exploiter les modifications que les divers supports numériques peuvent entraîner dans les constructions discursives dans plusieurs langues (nous comprenons ici le Roumain et le Français). Cette démarche prend appui donc sur les caractéristiques technologiques du support et encadre notre collecte selon la source : blog, forum de discussion, SMS, Facebook.La question est donc de savoir si ce(s) nouveau(x) mode(s) de communication change(nt) les règles (traditionnelles) de la communication (orale, écrite, du point de vue de la construction du discours).Pour évaluer si ces discours utilisant les nouvelles technologies sont différents des discours antérieurs, il faut pouvoir les comparer aux descriptions dont on dispose déjà, en l’occurrence (étant donné l’éventail choisi pour le corpus roumain comme pour le corpus français) ceux qui portent sur les dialogues et les conversations. Nous réaliserons cela à travers une analyse statistique de la fréquence des traits phénoménologiques rencontrés qui apportera des réponses complémentaires quant à la stabilité de ce nouveau registre discursif. Cela permettra d’encadrer la linéarité profonde de ce type de construction discursive et sa variation.Il s’ensuit une étude comparative des situations intra -culturelles (le contexte culturel inhérent qui peut sensiblement modifier le cadre conversationnel). Nous penchons pour une description des comportements interactionnels à l’intérieur de deux cultures afin de mieux les comparer. Aussi le déroulement prototypique de l’interaction dans une situation donnée autant que ses déclinaisons spécifiques selon une situation/ cadre/ locuteur particulier sont-ils pris en compte. / This study aims to analyze the modifications that various digital supports can produce throughout several languages (we take into account Romanian and French). In doing that, it is influenced by the support’s technological features and therefor separates our corpus source accordingly: blog, chat, SMS, Facebook. The purpose is therefor finding if this (or those) new way (s) of communication change the traditional rules of exchange (spoken or written).In order to evaluate the differences between the digital discourse and the previous types, one has to compare the collected data to the prior types: dialogue and conversation. Statistical frequency analysis will complete our perspective as for this new discourse genre’s stability. This will allow shaping its general lines as well as its inner variation.The next step is a comparative study of various intercultural situations (the cultural context that can modify the speaking frame). We turn therefor towards a description of the interactive behavior within the two cultures. We shall take into account the interaction’s prototypical course in a given situation as well as its specificity according to the situation/ frame/ specific speaker. / Scopul acestei lucrari este de a exploata modificarile pe care diversele platforme numerice le pot antrena in constructiile discursive de-alungul mai multor limbi (facem aici referire la Romana si Franceza). Acest demers se sprijina deci pe caracteristicile tehnologice ale suportului si incadreaza corpusul nostru in functie de sursa : blog, forum, SMS, Facebook. Problematica generala trateaza deci daca acest(e ) nou/-i mod (uri) de comunicare schimba regulile traditionale ale comunicarii (orale, scrise, din punct de vedere al constructiei discursului).Pentru a evalua daca aceste tipuri de discurs folosind noile tehnologii sunt diferite de discursurile anterioare, trebuie sa le comparam cu descrierile de care dispunem déjà, mai preciscele care se refera la dialoguri si conversatii (data fiind paleta de colecte aleasa atat pentru corpusul romanesc cat si pentru cel francez). Ne propunem sa realizam aceasta via o anlaiza statistica a frecventelor trasaturilor fenomenologice intalnite care vor aduce informatii complementare in ceea ce priveste stabilitatea acestui nou registru discursif.Vom putea astfel sa incadram atat linearitatea profunda a acestui tip de constructie discursiva cat si variatia sa inerenta.Pasul urmator este trasarea studiului comparativ a situatiilor culturale (contextul cultural inerent putand sa modifice in mod sensibi lcadrul conversational). Ne vom apleca astfel asupra unei descrieri a comportementelor interactive in interiorul celor doua culturi pentru a obtine o comparatie exhaustiva. Astfel derularea prototipica a interactiunii intr-o situatie data cat si declinarile sale specifice in functie de situatie/ cadru/ locutor specific, sunt elemente cheie in cadrul studiului nostru.
5

"Vi får ett digitalt utanförskap som vi på något vis måste hantera" : En kvalitativ undersökning om hur digitala stödverktyg kan bidra till att minska det digitala utanförskapet bland äldre.

Gärdqvist, Ida, Olsson, Pernilla January 2021 (has links)
Many older people find it difficult to start using new technology and difficult to get the help when they need it. Society is becoming increasingly digital, therefore there's a risk ending up digitally excluded. Use of digital technology can be difficult due to problematic factors such as insufficient prior knowledge, lacking motivation, insecurity, and the complexity. In order for these factors to be managed, there needs to be support available. Prior research shows that older people have preferences for social support, but when this support is not available appropriate replacement tools need to be available to facilitate the use of digital technology. The purpose of the study was to help reduce digital exclusion among the elderly by studying how different digital support tools can be used to deal with problem factors when using digital technology. A qualitative study was conducted, based on a theory model that highlights four problem factors. Three different digital support tools in an auditory, visual and written format were evaluated. Opinions on the digital support tools as well as the various problem factors were collected from an IT educator and from the elderly at the age of 65 or over through two sub-studies consisting of interviews and thinking aloud tests. The results showed that the factors that were most difficult to counter with the digital support tools were the complexity and insufficient prior knowledge, while the factors lacking motivation and insecurity could be managed with the digital support tools. The results also showed that users of digital support tools should be able to choose whether the support is to be used in an auditory, visual or written format. The written instructions could combat the most problem factors. The visual instructions was the support tool that was most difficult to use because it required some prior digital knowledge. If basic digital knowledge is absent, none of the support tools could be used in an optimal way. Reducing digital exclusion solely with the help of digital support tools is thus difficult because those who are most excluded and have the greatest need for support don't possess the basic knowledge to use the tools. / Många äldre anser att det är svårt att börja använda ny teknik och svårt att få hjälp när de behöver det. I ett samhälle som digitaliseras allt mer riskerar de därför att hamna i ett digitalt utanförskap. Svårigheterna gällande användandet av digital teknik kan bero på olika problemfaktorer som bristande motivation, otrygghet, komplexitet och otillräckliga förkunskaper. För att dessa faktorer ska kunna hanteras behöver de äldre ha tillgång till stöd. Tidigare forskning visar att äldre föredrar sociala stödformer, men om det sociala stödet inte kan erhållas behöver lämpliga ersättande stödverktyg finnas tillgängliga som kan underlätta användandet av digital teknik.  Syftet med denna studie var att bidra till att minska det digitala utanförskapet bland äldre genom att studera hur olika digitala stödverktyg kan användas för att hantera problemfaktorer för digital teknik. En kvalitativ studie, som utgick från en teorimodell baserad på de fyra problemfaktorerna, genomfördes. Tre olika digitala stödverktyg, i form av skriftliga, auditiva och visuella instruktioner, utvärderades. Åsikter kring de digitala stödverktygen samt de olika problemfaktorerna samlades in från en IT-pedagog och från personer som var 65 år eller äldre genom två delstudier bestående av intervjuer och tänka högt-test.  Resultatet visade att faktorerna bristande motivation och otrygghet kunde hanteras med digitala stödverktyg medan faktorerna komplexitet och otillräckliga förkunskaper var svårare att hantera. Resultatet visade också att användaren av digitala stödverktyg bör få välja om stödet ska nyttjas i ett auditivt, visuellt eller skriftligt format. De skriftliga instruktionerna var det stödverktyg som kunde hantera flest problemfaktorer medan de visuella instruktionerna var svårast att använda eftersom verktyget krävde digitala förkunskaper. När förkunskaperna var otillräckliga kunde inget av stödverktygen användas på ett optimalt sätt. Det är därmed svårt att minska det digitala utanförskapet enbart med hjälp av digitala stödverktyg, eftersom de som står längst utanför det digitala samhället och har störst behov av stöd, inte har de grundläggande kunskaperna för att använda verktygen.
6

Seniorers upplevelser av digitala möten för social delaktighet : En kvalitativ studie baserad på en digital intervention / Seniors' experiences of digital meetings for social participation : A qualitative study based on a digital intervention

Tamm, Michaela, Örnbielke, John January 2021 (has links)
Utvecklingen av teknik sker i snabb takt och på grund av Covid-19 ökades kraven på ytterligare ökad digitalisering. En utsatt grupp i detta sammanhang är seniorer, som drabbas av den digitala klyftan. Med åldern isoleras människor alltmer socialt och därmed finns det ett behov av ökad social delaktighet. Samhället bidrar med goda digitala förutsättningar men alla kan inte använda digitala lösningar av diverse anledningar. Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka seniorers upplevelser av arrangerade digitala möten och dess potential för att främja social delaktighet. Metoden för studien var en kvalitativ ansats bestående av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer och en fokusgruppsintervju baserat på den digitala interventionen 11 e-fika. Analysen genomfördes med innehållsanalys för både intervjuer och fokusgrupp. Studien genomfördes med fyra kvinnor i åldrarna 70–87 år boendes i en mellanstor kommun. Interventionen är ett pilotprojekt i samarbete med en kommun. Resultatet visade på att digitala träffar som 11 e-fika kan främja social delaktighet men seniorerna upplevde osäkerhet samt behov av stöd vid användning. Seniorerna uppgav att de föredrar fysiska träffar men att digitala är ett bra komplement som underlättar för träffar utan fysisk närvaro. Individens inställning till användning har även en påverkan. Slutsatsen var att digitala träffar kan vara fördelaktigt för social delaktighet men visar tydligt att behovet av stöd finns för att kunna använda digitala verktyg. Därför krävs fortsatt mer forskning inom området. / The digital society is evolving fast and the demand on digitalization has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. A vulnerable group in this context is seniors whom been affected by digital divide. With age, people become more and more socially isolated and there is a need for increased social participation. Society contributes with good digital conditions, but not everyone knows how to handle digital solutions for various reasons. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate seniors' experiences of arranged digital meetings and their potential to promote social participation. The method for the study was a qualitative content analysis of four semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview after a digital intervention (11 e-fika). The study was conducted with four women aged 70–87 years living in a medium-sized municipality. The intervention was also a pilot project in collaboration with a municipality. The results showed that digital meetings such as 11 e-fika can promote social participation, but the seniors experienced insecurity and need for support during use. The seniors stated that they prefer physical meetings, but that digital is a good complement that facilitates meetings without a physical presence. The individual's attitude to use also has an impact. The conclusion was that digital meetings can be beneficial for social participation, but the need for support when using digital tools is clear. Therefore, further research in the field is required.
7

Designing a digital support tool for managers

Westerlund, Staffan January 2022 (has links)
Corporations have gathered data about their business and employees for as long as the concept of business has existed. With the digitalization of the world, the possibility of how much data is stored has exploded and today it can be hard for companies and especially managers to make sense of all stored data. Utilizing this data is something that has grown to be very popular but how to do it is not straightforward. The objective of the thesis was to discover what data is important for an organization and how that should be used and visualized in a digital environment. The design thinking framework was used to come up with the best possible design for a digital support tool for managers. The resulting prototype proposes a way of how trends and accomplishments among coworkers, a list of things the manager have to take action on, how the team has reported on projects, monthly reports for budgetary target, time to customer, working time, and profitability and lastly visualization of the following data over time; "pejling", "time to customer", "internal time", "hourly rate", "working time", "profitability", "absence", and "overtime" should be designed in a digital support tool. / Företag har samlat data om deras organisation och anställda så länge som kon- ceptet företag har funnits. Med digitaliseringen av världen har möjligheterna för hur mycket data som sparas exploderat och idag kan det vara svårt för före- tag och speciellt chefer att förstå all sparad data. Att utnyttja det här datat har växt till att bli väldigt populärt men hur man gör det är inte självklart. Målet med det här examensarbetet var att förstå vilket data som är viktigt för en organisation och hur det ska användas och visualiseras i en digital miljö. Design thinking ramverket användes för att ta fram den bästa möjliga designen för ett digitalt chefsstöd. Den resulterande prototypen visar ett sätt på hur trender och prestationer bland medarbetare, lista med saker en chef måste ta tag i, hur teamet har rapporterat på projekt, månadsrapporter för budgetmål, tid mot kund, arbetstid och lönsamhet, och slutligen visualisering av följande data över tid; "pejling", "tid mot kund", "interntid", "timpris", "arbetstid", "lönsamhet", "frånvaro" och "övertid" kan designas i ett digitalt chefsstöd.
8

An economic analysis of digitalized and standardized workflows within the operating room

Von Schudnat, Christian 02 February 2025 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] La digitalización en la sanidad sigue poco desarrollada en comparación con muchos otros sectores, pero ofrece la posibilidad de hacer frente a retos cada vez mayores. A partir del caso de un sistema digital de gestión del flujo de trabajo implantado en el quirófano, esta tesis examina cuál podría ser el impacto de la digitalización en la calidad, la eficiencia y la economía de la gestión hospitalaria. La metodología de investigación se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo. En primer lugar, se ha desarrollado una visión general y un análisis del mercado sanitario europeo, así como una amplia y sistemática revisión bibliográfica. Esta se ha enfocado en la eficiencia y el impacto económico de la estandarización y digitalización de los procesos intraoperatorios en el quirófano. Los resultados proporcionaron la base para derivar las preguntas de investigación en torno a los sistemas digitales de gestión del flujo de trabajo. Para cubrir las lagunas de investigación identificadas, se han obtenido y analizado de forma retrospectiva datos de un hospital, como estudio de caso, sobre un sistema digital de gestión del flujo de trabajo, Surgical Process Manager (SPM), en ortopedia y cirugía general. Los datos adicionales proporcionados por los pacientes, se han utilizado de forma retrospectiva para realizar cálculos económicos con el fin de responder a la pregunta principal de la investigación en cirugía general, centrándose en la cirugía de la obesidad. Las principales conclusiones de la tesis muestran que la implantación de sistemas digitales de gestión del flujo de trabajo, como el SPM, mejora la eficiencia y la economía en la cirugía de la obesidad. El análisis de odds ratio (razón de oportunidades/probabilidades) para evaluar el impacto en la calidad no permitió extraer conclusiones ni en ortopedia ni en cirugía de la obesidad. El cálculo coste-beneficio en cirugía de la obesidad mostró un ahorro de costes de 318 euros por paciente, lo que supuso un total de 10.073 euros. Este beneficio económico se consiguió gracias a la disminución de la duración de la estancia (-1,2 días). Por primera vez, esta investigación aporta pruebas sobre el valor económico de los procesos digitalizados y estandarizados en el quirófano en cirugía general y ambulatoria. Los resultados facilitarán las decisiones de inversión en digitalización de la gestión hospitalaria y ofrecerán opciones para superar la carga económica en el mercado sanitario actual. Además, los resultados proporcionan detalles en profundidad sobre estructuras de costes específicas, cálculos, así como reembolsos y cómo medir eficazmente el impacto financiero en los sistemas digitales en el quirófano. / [CA] La digitalització de l'assistència sanitària encara està endarrerida en comparació amb moltes altres indústries, però ofereix el potencial per fer front als reptes creixents. Aquesta tesi examina sobre l'exemple d'un sistema de gestió de flux de treball digital, implementat al quiròfan quirúrgic (OR), quin podria ser l'impacte de la digitalització en la qualitat, l'eficiència i l'economia per a la gestió hospitalària. La metodologia d'aquesta investigació es basa en un enfocament quantitatiu. En primer lloc, es va fer una visió general i anàlisi del mercat sanitari i una extensa revisió sistemàtica de la literatura. Es va centrar en l'eficiència i l'impacte econòmic de l'estandardització i la digitalització dels processos intraoperatoris al quiròfan. Les troballes van proporcionar la base per derivar les preguntes de recerca al voltant dels sistemes de gestió de flux de treball digitals. Per cobrir els buits de recerca identificats, s'han extret i analitzat retrospectivament dades d'hospitals d'un sol centre en un sistema de gestió de flux de treball digital, Surgical Process Manager (SPM), en ortopèdia i cirurgia general i visceral (G&V). S'han utilitzat retrospectivament dades addicionals dels pacients per a càlculs econòmics per concloure la pregunta principal de recerca en G&V amb un enfocament en la cirurgia de l'obesitat. Les principals conclusions de la tesi mostren que la implementació de sistemes digitals de gestió de flux de treball, a partir de l'exemple de l'SPM, millora l'eficiència i l'economia en la cirurgia de l'obesitat. L'anàlisi d'odds ratio per avaluar l'impacte en la qualitat no va permetre treure conclusions ni en ortopèdia ni en cirurgia de l'obesitat. El càlcul cost-benefici en cirurgia de l'obesitat va mostrar un estalvi de costos de 318 € per pacient, que va ascendir a 10.073 €. Aquest benefici econòmic es va aconseguir mitjançant la disminució de la durada de l'estada (-1,2 dies). Per primera vegada la investigació proporciona evidència sobre el valor econòmic dels processos digitalitzats i estandarditzats a la sala d'operacions en G&V. Els resultats facilitaran les decisions d'inversió en la digitalització de la gestió hospitalària i oferiran opcions per superar la càrrega econòmica del mercat sanitari actual. A més, les troballes proporcionen detalls detallats sobre estructures de costos específiques, càlculs, així com el reemborsament i com mesurar eficaçment l'impacte financer en els sistemes digitals de l'OR. / [EN] Digitalization in healthcare still lags compared to many other industries but offers the potential to cope with increasing challenges. This thesis examines the example of digital workflow management implemented in the surgical Operating Room (OR) and what the impact of digitalization on quality, efficiency and economics for hospital management could be. The methodology for this research is based on a quantitative approach. First, an overview and analysis of the healthcare market and an extensive systematic literature review were carried out. It was focused on the efficiency and economic impact of standardization and digitalization of intraoperative processes in the OR. The findings provided the basis for the research questions around digital workflow-management-systems. Single-center hospital data on a digital workflow-management-system, Surgical Process Manager (SPM), has been retrospectively extracted and analyzed in orthopedics and general & visceral surgery (G&V) to fill identified research gaps. Additionally, provided patient data has been retrospectively used for economic calculations to conclude the main research question in G&V, focusing on obesity surgery. The main findings of the thesis show that implementing digital workflow management systems, in the example of the SPM, improves efficiency and economics in obesity surgery. The odds ratio analysis to assess the impact on quality did not allow conclusions in orthopedics or obesity surgery. The cost-benefit calculation in obesity surgery showed cost savings of 318 € per patient, totaling 10,073€. This economic benefit was achieved by decreasing the length of stay (-1.2 days). For the first time, research provides evidence of the economic value of digitized and standardized processes in the OR in G&V. The results will facilitate investment decisions in digitization of hospital management and offer options to overcome the financial burden in the current healthcare market. Also, the findings provide in-depth details on specific cost structures, calculations, reimbursement, and how to effectively measure the financial impact on digital systems in the OR. / Von Schudnat, C. (2024). An economic analysis of digitalized and standardized workflows within the operating room [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203008 / Compendio
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Applied Retrieval Augmented Generation Within Service Desk Automation

Cederlund, Oscar January 2024 (has links)
Background. New ways of modeling abstract concepts have been enabled due to the recent boom in generative machine learning brought on by transformer architecture. By modeling abstract concepts within high-dimensional vectors their semantic meaning can be inferred and compared, which allows for methods such as embedding-based retrieval and the groundwork for a retrieval-augmented generation. Large language models can augment their parametric generative capabilities by introducing non-parametric information through retrieval processes. Objectives. Previous studies have explored different uses of embedding-based retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation, and this study examines the impact of these methods when used as an aid to support technicians. Methods. By developing and deploying a proof-of-concept system using embedding-based retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation to the Södra ITs service desk, the thesis could monitor system performance. Introducing a system to the service desk that generates instructional solutions to the support tickets and presenting them to the technician. The thesis investigates both systems' perceived performance based on the participating IT technician's input along with the retention of generated solutions and the quality of the solutions. Results. With 75.4% of the systems generated solutions being classified as reasonable solutions to ticket problems the system was deployed to the service desk. After an evaluation period where the technicians had been working with the system, it was shown that the solutions had a retention rate of 38.4%. These results were validated by a survey conducted at the service desk where the inputs were gathered from the technicians, showing a great deal degree of user engagement but a varying opinion on the system's helpfulness. Conclusions. Despite the varying degrees of opinion on the usefulness of the system among the technicians the numbers from the production test show that a significant amount of tickets were solved with the help of the system. Still, there's a huge dependency on seamless integration with the technicians and ticket quality from the requester. / Bakgrund. Nya sätt att modellera abstrakta begrepp har möjliggjorts tack vare den senaste tidens tillväxt inom generativ maskininlärning tack vare transformatorarkitekturen. Genom att modellera abstrakta begrepp i högdimensionella vektorer kan deras semantiska innebörd tolkas och jämföras, vilket möjliggör metoder som inbäddningsbaserad hämtning och grunden för en hämtningsförstärkt generation. Stora språkmodeller kan utvidga sina parametriska generativa förmågor genom att införa icke-parametrisk information genom hämtningsprocesser. Syfte. Tidigare studier har behandlat olika användningsområden för inbäddningsbaserad hämtning och hämtningsförstärkt generering, och i det här examensarbetet undersöks vilken inverkan dessa metoder har när de används som ett hjälpmedel för supporttekniker. Metod. Genom att utveckla och driftsätta ett prototypsystem som använder inbäddningsbaserad hämtning och hämtningsförstärkt generering till Södra ITs servicedesk, kunde examensarbetet övervaka systemets prestanda. Detta genom att införa ett system i servicedesken som genererar instruktionslösningar till supportärendena och presentera dem för teknikern. Examensarbetet undersöker både systemens upplevda prestanda baserat på den deltagande IT-teknikerns synpunkter tillsammans med kvarhållandet av genererade lösningar och kvaliteten på lösningarna. Resultat. Då 75,4% av de systemgenererade lösningarna klassificerades som rimliga för problemen i ärendena driftsattes systemet i servicedesken. Efter en utvärderingsperiod där teknikerna hade arbetat med systemet visade det sig att lösningarna hade en kvarhållningsgrad på 38,4%. Dessa resultat validerades av en undersökning som utförts vid servicedesken där synpunkter samlades in från teknikerna, vilket visade på en hög grad av användarengagemang men en varierande syn på systemets användbarhet. Slutsatser. Trots de varierande synpunkterna på systemets användbarhet bland teknikerna visar siffrorna från produktionstestningen att en betydande mängd ärenden löstes med hjälp av systemet. Dock är man fortfarande mycket beroende av en smidig integration med teknikerna och en god kvalitet på ärendena från beställaren.

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