The purpose of this paper is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the method of one-click purchasing. One-click purchasing is a method allowing the customers to transact a purchase with only one click. The customer has entered the payment information necessary to complete the purchase at a previous occasion. Within the next buying opportunity, the customer can purchase products with one single click. The analysis and conclusions is based on both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources represent the result of a questionnaire performed with 200 respondents. The survey showed that the most common advantages with the method was fast, smooth, easy and time efficient. The disadvantages on the other hand were more varying and included cons such as uncertain, unreliable, risk-taking, page hacking, fraud and identity hijacking. The conclusion is therefore that the disadvantages are in grater number and also more shifting, which means that the perception of the one-click purchasing method tends to be more negative.

Alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment Abstract This Master's thesis deals with the topic of alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment whose purpose is to eliminate negative consequences associated with imprisonment. The thesis consists of an introduction, nine chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter is dedicated to punishment itself as a term, its purpose and functions and its elementary principles. The second one deals with penal system, sentencing and hierarchy of penalties as well as history of this topic and even an evolution of imprisonment. Furthermore, this chapter gives an insight into the penal policy, its development and individual elements which has an impact on its adjustment and functioning. These chapters are cornerstone for the rest of the thesis. The aim of the fourth chapter is the evaluation of all negative impacts of unconditional sentence of imprisonment on both the prisoners and society. It also evaluates significant economic consequences. The fifth chapter is centered on definition of both substantive and procedural alternative measures and activities of the Probation and Mediation Service which are crucial to alternative sentences enforcement. The sixth chapter is devoted to a complex analysis of essence of alternative measures also focuses on their...

Orientador: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle / Resumo: O cenário mundial apresentado na atualidade constata que a população migra cada vez mais para áreas urbanas, com estimativa de que, em 2050, 66% da população mundial deverá estar na zona urbana. As consequências negativas ambientais ficam cada vez mais evidentes, mas por outro lado tem surgido alternativas com maior responsabilidade ambiental, como forma de evitar maiores desastres e danos ao meio ambiente e contribuindo para a sustentabilidade do planeta. Uma dessas alternativas são os telhados que são responsáveis por 40% a 50% da área de superfície urbana impermeável, e que podem contribuir com os benefícios ambientais, econômicos e sociais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar vantagens e desvantagens dos telhados verdes. Para cumprir com esse objetivo, o trabalho efetuou dois estudos de caso em telhados verdes de países distintos, comparando-os sob o viés da sustentabilidade, compilou todas as vantagens e as desvantagens encontradas na literatura e identificou alternativas de materiais mais sustentáveis na composição das camadas de uma cobertura verde. Como vantagens gerais, foram encontradas a mitigação das ilhas de calor urbana, gerenciamento de águas pluviais, eficiência energética, minimização de gases de efeito estufa, maximização da biodiversidade, durabilidade do telhado, mitigação da poluição do ar e da poluição sonora, agricultura urbana, conforto térmico, desenvolvimento social e estética. Como desvantagens gerais, os custos, falta ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Our current world scenario shows that population increasingly migrates to urban areas, with the estimate that, by 2050, 66% of the world population should be in the urban area. The negative environmental consequences are becoming more frequently evident and so we see more alternatives that show greater environmental responsibility as a way to prevent greater disasters and damage to the environment and contributing to the sustainability of the planet. As roofs are responsible for 40% to 50% of the impermeable urban surface area, they provide the option of planting vegetation and they are a way to obtain environmental, economic and social benefits. With this in mind, the present work aimed to identify advantages and disadvantages of green roofs. To fulfill this objective, the work carried out two case studies on green roofs from different countries, comparing them with a sustainability mindset, compiled all the advantages and disadvantages found in the literature and identified more sustainable material alternatives for the composition of the layers in a green roof. As general advantages, we have spotted the mitigation of urban heat islands, rainwater management, energy efficiency, minimization of greenhouse gases, maximization of biodiversity, roof durability, mitigation of air and noise pollution, urban agriculture, thermal comfort, social and aesthetic development. The general disadvantages are the costs, lack of government incentives, technical difficulties in the design pr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Scholarly reviews expound that current prevailing on-premise Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems could not be sufficient for enterprises to form highly dynamic units around vibrant requirements of the market. In response to satisfying ever-changing demands of the market, cloud computing has been recently emerged which its basic promise is convergence of IT efficiency and business agility in information technology. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is the most common type of cloud service which has been heralded to be a serious alternative for on-premise software. Considering shortages of current on-premise ERPs and high potentiality of SaaS to be as an alternative for on-premise software, this study seeks to empirically understand real advantages and disadvantages of adopting ERP systems served as SaaS from the perspective of SaaS users. "Real advantages and disadvantages" in this study are the ones which are not only certified through literature but also through empirical data. Grounded in literature review and personal communication with two Information Systems (IS) professionals, 19 items were considered as advantages and 12 items as disadvantages of ERP as SaaS adoption categorized in three groups of strategic, financial, and technical. Survey data of 90 responses were collected and analyzed out of 212 contacts with industry experts in different types of business and sizes of the enterprise in Sweden through nonprobability sampling. By application of Non-parametric test, our data analysis revealed that users of ERP as SaaS believed in five real advantages in adoption of ERP as SaaS while they did not agree with any real disadvantages in such adoption. They accepted that adoption of ERP as SaaS a) helps users to run their business more globally, b) enhances users’ business to go mobile, c) reduces large up-front investment of users on resource provision, d) saves technology costs, and e) helps users not to be concerned about management and maintenance of the ERP as SaaS. Moreover, our final results showed that majority of every enterprise size do not have plan of adopting ERP as SaaS in the future. Based on the findings, detailed discussion will be given about social consequences of the results and underlying reasons which could have impact on recognition of few real advantages and no real disadvantages in this study.

In Sweden, it has become exceedingly uncommon to come across a classroom without computers, as computer-assisted learning has become prevalent. This study aims to examine the positive and negative aspects of implementing a one laptop per child (OLPC) policy in Swedish secondary schools in the learning process. The research primarily relies on interviews conducted with teachers in Sweden, supplemented by scientific data from surveys conducted by various universities. The study focuses on students in grades 4-9, investigating teachers' attitudes towards OLPC and its impact on students’ performance and learning process in Sweden. The majority of available resources highlight significant benefits of incorporating computers into the learning process, particularly emphasizing the advantages of a 1:1 ratio. Many teachers assert that computer usage makes the learning experience more enjoyable for students, resulting in increased motivation to learn. Additionally, some teachers emphasize the substantial impact of 1:1 computer access on students with special needs. However, there are downsides to the easy availability of computers as well. Teachers argue that excessive reliance on computers for tasks such as essay writing can lead to complications such as deteriorated handwriting, spelling errors, and increased distraction.

Vocabulary learning is viewed as one of the most important subject in language development. (Rusanganwa, 2012). Therefore, this study aims to raise awareness of different methods used in vocabulary teaching. Those different methods are the use of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) and non-CALL, the methods that does not require the use of technology. This study presents a literature review on vocabulary teaching methods and the importance of vocabulary. Moreover, it presents a review on CALL and the use of it as a vocabulary teaching method. A comparative study was done between two different schools in a CALL-classroom and a non-CALL classroom both in year five, to observe pupils’ vocabulary acquisition and variation in methodology. Furthermore, two interviews were conducted to gather data of the teacher’s perspective on the advantage and disadvantages of the different vocabulary teaching methods. The results revealed that both methods have some disadvantages but are also rich in advantages if used correctly and adapted to the students’ needs and circumstances. In addition, the variation in methods formed a major role in pupils’ vocabulary acquisition. In conclusion, the teacher should be familiar with the pupils’ in order to help them develop their vocabulary acquisition.

This paper investigates advantages and disadvantages of working agile in an innovation process. Both agile and innovation are two words that can be seen as buzzwords. However, they are two words that in one way or another can make a company successful. The research question was tackled from three different angles; academic theory, expert interviews within the topic, and interviews with employees of a market research and marketing consultancy company that helps their clients with different kinds of innovation processes. The market research and marketing consultancy company in question was also where the practical part of the paper took place. The paper deals with theories from various academic articles that all center around agile, innovation or both. However, additional insights from books, blogs and websites are used. The method used includes semi-structured online interviews. The paper concludes with several advantages and disadvantages of agile working in an innovation project and also puts forward three recommendations: “Continue to recommend the agile way of working in innovation projects”, “Make sure the clients involve and prioritize their customers in their innovation process” and “The digital B2C service companies’ management should provide and prioritize its designated team a clear guideline”. The recommendations are meant for the company where the practical part took place. However, the recommendations are written and analysed to be valuable for digital B2C Service companies in general as well. This is since recommendations are based on academic theories and expert interviews, which both deal with the research question from a general point of view / Denna uppsats undersöker fördelar och nackdelar med att arbeta agilt i en innovationsprocess. Agilt och innovation är två ord som kan ses som modeord, men också två ord som på ett eller annat sätt kan göra ett företag framgångsrikt. Forskningsfrågan undersöktes från tre olika vinklar; akademisk teori, intervjuer med experter inom ämnet och intervjuer med ett marknadsundersökning- och marknadsföringskonsultföretag som hjälper sina kunder med olika slags innovationsprocesser. Det nämnda marknadsundersökning- och marknadsföringskonsultföretaget var dessutom samarbetspartner för uppsatsen och där den praktiska delen av uppsatsen tog plats. Teorin som uppsatsen bygger på är en majoritet av akademiska artiklar med agil, innovation eller en kombination som båda två som huvudämne. Teori-delen innehåller dessutom information från böcker, bloggar och webbplatser. Metoden som används i uppsatsens är intervjuer, semistrukturerade online-intervjuer. Uppsatsen resulterade i ett antal fördelar och nackdelar med att jobba agilt i innovationsprojekt, uppsatsen resulterar även i tre rekommendationer: ”Fortsätt att rekommendera det agila sättet att arbeta i innovationsprojekt”, ”Se till att klienterna involverar och prioriterar sina kunder i deras innovationsprocess” och ”Ledningen i de digitala B2C-tjänsteföretagen bör leda och prioritera det utsedda projektteamet med tydliga riktlinjer”. Rekommendationerna är avsedda för företaget där den praktiska delen ägde rum. Rekommendationerna är dock skrivna och analyserade för att vara värdefulla och användbara för digitala B2C-tjänsteföretag i allmänhet. Detta eftersom rekommendationerna bygger på akademiska teorier och expertintervjuer, som båda behandlar forskningsfrågan ur ett generellt perspektiv

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The topic of my thesis are the alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment, while the main emphasis is given to conditional sentence, conditional sentence with supervision, house arrest, a sentence of community service and financial penalty, which means alternative punishments in narrow sense. The aim of my thesis is to describe and summarize the legislation concerning alternative sanctions to unconditional sentences of imprisonment, and to assess the usage of alternative sanctions, as well as to present proposals de lege ferenda. The paper consists of introduction, six chapters, and conclusion. The first chapter analyses the concept of punishment, its purpose and elemental principles that apply for imposing sentences. The introduction to the second chapter focuses on disadvantages of imposing unconditional sentence of imprisonment. It also deals with short-term punishments. It mentions international approaches to alternative measurements, especially the activity of the UN and the Council of Europe. Furthermore, this chapter describes the system of alternative measures. It presents process alternatives, known as diversions, and substantive alternatives, including alternatives to punishment and alternative sanctions. The conclusion of the second chapter deals with the alternative...

The main objective of this thesis is to present a simple and robust hands-on technology for the fabrication of a microfluidic chip in a laboratory. The purpose of this new technology is to replace the existing PDMS based microfluidic chip used for optical trapping of diverse single nano particles. It also lists the different fabrication methods attempted and the successful integration of this chip to the optical trap system which is used to study binding at the single molecular level. Microfluidics is a quickly growing field which deals with manipulating the fluids in channels whose dimensions are few tens of micrometers. Its potential has a major impact on fields like chemical analysis and synthesis techniques, biological analysis and separation techniques, and optics and information technology. One of the main application of these microfluidic chips is in optofluidics, which is the emerging field of integrated photonics with fluidics. This provides freedom to both fields and permits the realization of optical and fluidic property. It requires small volumes of fluids and connections and eventually performs better than conventional methods of robotic fluid handling. Here, the microfluidic chip is targeted for optical trapping with double nano-hole aperture to trap a single protein. The double nanoholes integrated with this microfluidic chip show that stable trapping can be achieved below flow rates of few μL/min. This has provided many possibilities of co-trapping of proteins and study their interactions. / Graduate