The following study examines gendered learning experiences of a population of Appalachian migrants surveyed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. The respondents who participated in the survey used for this study began their lives in Appalachia. These respondents then left Appalachia for various other areas in the country and even around the world only to ultimately return to the mountainous region later in their lives. To begin, theory will be introduced concerning the stratification of gender in the Appalachian economic landscape, as well as a theoretical framework placing Appalachian women in an interlocking web of oppression with other subjugated cultural groups. This outsider kinship found among Appalachian women and other socially ostracized groups, I argue with the support of theory, will foster an atmosphere of tolerance and positive interaction among Appalachian females and the people they meet in their new homes. Literature will also be presented regarding the heavily skewed nature of the role of women versus men in Appalachian society and economy. Using logistic regression, various aspects of migrant experiences away from Appalachia will be examined and analyzed, including the acquisition of job skills, tolerance-based knowledge, and positive interactions with neighbors in their new environment.

The objective of this program of research was to listen to parents voices on homework with a focus on what homework means for their children, themselves and their families. While, within this body of literature, there is consensus on a definition of homework, a multitude of studies on homework and its effect on academic achievement and the development of work habits, and an extensive body of literature on types of homework assignments, there are no known qualitative studies on homework from parents perspectives. Within schools, teachers are positioned as knowing professionals and parents are positioned as helpers, who know less about the learning process. Power and authority rest with educators who make decisions important to teaching and learning decisions about homework policies and practices, for example often with little or no parent input or participation. Because teachers ask for little input from parents, parents rarely feel they can talk to teachers about their childrens experiences with homework and the resulting impact on their family.<p> Determining what knowledge parents of elementary school children (pre-Kindergarten through Grade 8) hold about homework, how they feel about homework, how homework impacts their children, how homework impacts them as parents, and how homework impacts their families was the focus of this narrative inquiry. The parents stories highlight the non-academic benefits the parents believe exist for their children through their engagement with homework. They also bring to the fore the many reasons homework can be problematic for their children and for them as they attend to the individuality of their children and the complexity of their family lives. They raise important issues for educators to consider in relation to homework: the implications variations within families, schools, teachers, parents and students may have for homework policies and practices; the need for reciprocity in home/school communications and the development of equitable rather than hierarchical relationships between parents and educators. Possibilities for changes in teacher education, both preservice and inservice; for a rethinking of policy and practice for both parents and educators; and for the direction of future research all emerge in this work.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Anatolian Teacher High Schools (ATHSs) in terms of serving their intended purpose. The research design of the study comprised a nation-wide survey and document analysis. The sample for the survey consisted of 1026 students, 612 teachers, 877 parents and 259 graduates selected through stratified random sampling over 33 ATHSs across 32 provinces in Turkey, and 302 prospective teachers, selected through cluster sampling, in Gazi University Faculty of Education. Two distinct instruments were used for data collection / survey questionnaires containing multiple choice and open-ended questions / and attitude scales containing five-point Likert type questions. To analyze quantitative data, descriptive statistics, t-test and two-way ANOVA were conducted. The open-ended questions were analyzed via content analysis. Results indicated that students, graduates, teachers, parents and administrators described ATHSs as the ideal schools for students who want to enter university and/or become teachers. Students and their parents prefer ATHSs in order to guarantee a university program for a career with the guarantee of finding a job. During the four years in ATHSs students are offered quality education and their attitudes toward the teaching profession have developed positively. More than half of the graduates entered a university program, a great majority of which entered teacher-training programs. ATHS graduates studying in teacher training programs are different from their classmates graduated from other high schools with respect to preferring teaching as a profession, the priority they gave to the teacher training programs in the university entrance exam, university entrance exam scores, academic achievement in teacher training programs and commitment to teaching as a lifelong career however they are not different with respect to attitudes toward the teaching profession. The majority of the graduates who were not able to enter a university program are unemployed. Since ATHS graduates are not considered as semi-professionals, there is no specific employment area available for them. Results also indicated that ATHSs serve their intended purpose, however not to extend they are expected to. Therefore, some reform movements are needed to increase the effectiveness of these schools.

Sverige har gått från att ha varit ett homogent land till ett multikulturellt land på ett par decennier. Arbetsmarknaden har haft stor efterfrågan på arbetskraft där företagare har anställt arbetskraft från andra länder och fått en hög mångfald på sina arbetsplatser. Ekonomisk nedgång i samhället har påverkat arbetsmarknaden med hög arbetslöshet speciellt för invandrare.Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur mångfald diskursivt konstrueras av chefer och HR-ansvariga på arbetsplatsen. Frågeställningar i vår studie har varit att undersöka hur chefer och HR-specialister samarbetar kring mångfaldsplanen och om de ser för- och nackdelar med mångfald på sina arbetsplatser. Offentliga myndigheter har enligt lag skyldighet att upprätta en mångfaldsplan vart tredje år och aktivt arbeta för att främja mångfald medan den privata sektorn inte har sådana krav. En tredje frågeställning i vår studie är att jämföra om det finns skillnader mellan dessa två företag och hur de eventuellt ser ut. För att få svar på våra forskningsfrågor har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade frågor. Vi har intervjuat tre respondenter inom vardera offentlig och privat sektor, två chefer, två HR-specialister och två fackliga ombud. Resultat som framkommer är att de anställda ska ha rätt yrkeskompetens och att chefer inte fokuserar på den arbetssökandes etnicitet eller kulturella bakgrund. Viktigt är att de personer som söker arbete passar in i arbetslaget och har värderingar som stämmer överens med verksamheten. Samarbete mellan chefer och HR-specialister ser lite olika ut mellan företagen i vår studie, eventuellt beroende på skillnaden i storlek. Vår studie visar att mångfald som begrepp kan vara svårdefinierbart då det inte bara handlar om etnicitet och annan kulturell bakgrund. Alla respondenterna ser positivt på mångfald på arbetsplatsen och tycker att de positiva effekterna väger tyngre än de negativa. / Sweden has gone from being a homogenous country to being a multi-cultural country in a couple of decades. The labor market has had great demand for labor and entrepreneurs have hired labor from other countries. Today there is a higher level of diversity in workplaces. Economic decline in society has affected labor market with an impact of high unemployment, especially for immigrants.The purpose of our study is to examine how diversity is discursively constructed by managers and HR managers in the workplace using a norm-critical perspective.Question formulation in our study were to examine how managers and HR specialists collaborate on the diversity plan and if they see advantages and disadvantages of diversity in their workplaces. Public authorities have a statutory duty to establish a diversity plan every three years and work actively to promote diversity while the private sector does not have such requirements. A third question formulation in our study is to compare whether there are differences between these two companies and what they might look like. To get answers to our research questions, we used a qualitative study using semi-structured questions. We interviewed three respondents from public and three from private sectors, two managers, two HR specialists and two union representatives. A result that emerges is that employees should have the right professional skills and that managers do not focus on the job applicant's ethnicity or cultural background. Important is that the people who are looking for work blend in with the team and have values that match the business. Cooperation between managers and HR specialists are slightly different between the companies in our study, possibly due to the difference in size. Our study shows that diversity as a concept can be difficult to define because it is not just about ethnicity and cultural background. All respondents welcome diversity in the workplace and think that the positive effects outweigh the negative.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3659.pdf: 3353734 bytes, checksum: fda60de37bd1c48b5461dafda0d972ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Leading supermarkets have developed the category of Fruits, Vegetables and Greens (FVG) as a strategy of differentiation. Some companies are promoting changes in the way they source, decreasing the spot market purchase and seeking greater proximity to the productive sector. In operational terms, is highlighted by the use of own distribution centers and tools for performance evaluation. Commercially, the strategy turns to direct relationships with farmers. This process has brought new demands for rural production: economies of scale and scope, regularity and quality of products, adoption of more efficient technologies of production, reorganization of suppliers, etc., especially for small and medium farmers. This process of change has been supported by an expansion of areas of contact, encouraging communication and exchange information, underpinned by the adoption of information systems. Existing studies of transactions between supermarket companies and producers don´t explore the dynamics of changes in transactions and governance relating them to advantages and disadvantages that they entail. Thus, the present work describes the changes in the supply of a large supermarket company, the reflections on the transactions and adjustments made in the structure of governance, while also addressing the advantages and disadvantages for the greens producers and for the company. Primary data were collected from interviews with the company and the suppliers of supermarket responsible for supply stores in São Paulo with fresh greens. Data were analyzed qualitatively. As a result, it was found that changes in the supply structure altered transactions and the organizational form adopted to coordinate them. The approach of the supermarket sector has enabled control over production, driving actions for improvement. For this, the company made use of training programs, auditing and performance tracking tools, elements necessary to supplement the contract that formalizes the transaction. Were found elements of hybrid governances, with predominance of strong leadership from the supermarket company in the adequacy of the productive sector, providing greater adaptability to the agents facing the demands of market. The adoption of a hybrid structure has brought advantages and disadvantages for agents. Access to market information and training programs were among the highlights advantages to the producer. The weakening of the supplier's trademark was a disadvantage identified. For the supermarket company, advantage in controlling the supply was identified. On the other hand, high cost of the control structure was the greater disadvantage. In the perception of agents, advantages outweigh disadvantages. The process of change involved selection of suppliers, excluding those who could not meet minimum requirements. However, informal organizational arrangements have been building among producers and have enabled the inclusion of other actors in the transactions. The study contradicts assumptions that the requirements imposed by supermarket companies are factors of exclusion of suppliers, and highlights its importance in driving positive change in the supply chain of fresh greens. / Empresas supermercadistas líderes vêm desenvolvendo a categoria de Frutas, Legumes e Verduras (FLV) como estratégia de diferenciação. Para isso, algumas empresas vêm promovendo mudanças no modo como se abastecem, diminuindo a compra do mercado spot e buscando maior proximidade com o setor produtivo. Em termos operacionais, ganha destaque o uso de centrais de distribuição próprias e de ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho. Comercialmente, a estratégia volta-se para relações diretas com produtores rurais. Este processo trouxe novas exigências para a produção rural: economias de escala e de escopo, regularidade na disponibilidade e na qualidade dos produtos, adoção de tecnologias mais eficientes de produção, reorganizações entre fornecedores, etc., especialmente para pequenos e médios produtores de verduras. Na condução deste processo de mudanças, houve uma expansão das áreas de contato com o produtor, favorecendo a comunicação e a troca de informações, sustentadas pela adoção de sistemas de informação. Os estudos existentes sobre transações entre empresas supermercadistas e produtores de verduras não abordam suficientemente a dinâmica das mudanças nas transações e na governança adotada para coordená-las, nem as vantagens e desvantagens que delas decorrem. Assim, o presente trabalho descreveu as mudanças na estrutura de abastecimento de uma grande empresa supermercadista, os reflexos sobre as transações e as adequações feitas na estrutura de governança, abordando também as vantagens e desvantagens para os produtores de verduras e para a empresa. Dados primários sobre as transações foram coletados a partir de entrevistas junto à empresa supermercadista e os fornecedores de verduras responsáveis pelo abastecimento das lojas da Grande São Paulo, sendo analisados de forma qualitativa. Como resultado, foi constatado que as mudanças no modelo de abastecimento alteraram as transações e a forma organizacional adotada para coordená-las. A aproximação do setor supermercadista do produtor rural permitiu maior controle sobre a produção, direcionando ações de melhoria. Para isto, a empresa fez uso de programas de capacitação, auditorias e de ferramentas de controle de desempenho, elementos necessários para complementar o contrato que formaliza a transação. Foram encontrados elementos característicos das governanças híbridas, com predominância de forte liderança da empresa supermercadista na adequação do setor produtivo, conferindo maior capacidade de adaptação aos agentes frente às exigências do mercado. A adoção de uma estrutura híbrida trouxe vantagens e desvantagens para os agentes. Acesso às informações de mercado e aos programas de capacitação foram destaques entre as vantagens ao produtor. Já o enfraquecimento da marca do fornecedor foi uma desvantagem identificada. Para a empresa supermercadista, houve vantagens no controle sobre o abastecimento, com desvantagens pelos elevados custos da estrutura de controle. Na percepção dos agentes, as vantagens se sobrepõem às desvantagens. O processo de mudança no abastecimento envolveu seleção inicial de fornecedores, com exclusão daqueles que não conseguiam atender requisitos mínimos. Entretanto, arranjos organizacionais informais vêm se formando entre produtores e têm viabilizado a inserção de outros agentes nas transações. O estudo contraria as suposições de que as exigências impostas por empresas supermercadistas são fatores de exclusão de fornecedores, e valoriza sua importância no direcionamento de mudanças positivas na cadeia produtiva de verduras.

Submitted by Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo (priscillaguerreiro@gmail.com) on 2012-08-30T17:52:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para EntregaFINAL.docx: 1892449 bytes, checksum: 0ce592c925dc8cc83280eb7578a18c50 (MD5) / Rejected by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br), reason: Prezada aluna Priscilla, A submissão está sendo rejeitada porque o arquivo não está em PDF. Favor submeter novamente em PDF. Att. 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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Priscilla Guerreiro de Azeredo_Para Entrega__.pdf: 1416307 bytes, checksum: b3148e5824cb44ea689aac8a867abe6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / This study sought to identify advantages and disadvantages of holding structure in Public Administration from the Department of Defense. We conducted a case study and we use the theoretical frameworks that allow us to understand the structure of holding company and subsidiaries, private management, the public management and the difference between them. Twelve interviews were conducted in two stages. The first comprised those who acted and possessed considerable knowledge about holding, at the second, people who possess knowledge of the Department of Defense and Armed Forces. The responses from the interviews were analyzed drawing on what was presented in Theoretical Framework. Overall, respondents said the following advantages of the holding in the public administration: to facilitate greater integration and dialogue between the parties; to centralize power guiding the direction of the organization, to facilitate the performance and strategic vision, to foster governance, strengthen dialogue, thought together and systemic action, identifying greater bargaining power and political representation, generating greater efficiency because of the understanding between the parties and best use of resources, allow the translation of goals into policies, increasing the possibility of reducing inequalities when they think only in profit, and seek public benefit. Disadvantages cited were increasing problems in sharing between units, the increased possibility of clashes of different cultures, the possibility of each manager to come back to his unit when resources are limited, the largest evacuation in the discussion of important issues in subsidiary, opening for the occurrence of rework; possibility of delays in delivery of purchases, which are now centralized, greater exposure to politicization and political influence, inadequate mechanisms of control performance, limitations and management decisions for what is established by law ; existence of forces acting and negotiating policies, lack of civilian careers in certain areas by increasing their exposure, lack of policy and political interference shielding, training and structuring unsatisfactory. / Esse estudo buscou identificar vantagens e desvantagens da estrutura de holding na Administração Pública a partir da análise da constituição e organização do Ministério da Defesa. Realizamos um estudo de caso e, para a preparação do mesmo, partimos de referenciais teóricos que nos permitissem entender a estrutura de holding e controladas, a administração privada, a pública e a diferença entre elas. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas em duas etapas. A primeira abrangeu consultas a especialistas sobre holdings, e a segunda, pessoas com conhecimento sobre o Ministério da Defesa e Forças Armadas. As respostas das entrevistas foram analisadas tomando como base o que foi apresentado no Referencial Teórico. De forma geral, os entrevistados apresentaram como vantagens de uma holding na administração pública: facilitar maior integração e diálogo entre as partes; centralizar o poder norteando o rumo da organização; facilitar o desempenho estratégico e a visão; fomentar a governança; intensificar o diálogo, pensamento conjunto e atuação sistêmica; identificar maior poder de barganha e representatividade política; gerar maior eficácia por conta do entendimento entre as partes e melhor aproveitamento dos recursos; permitir a tradução de objetivos em diretrizes; aumentar a possibilidade de reduzir as desigualdades quando não pensa só no lucro; e buscar o benefício público. Como desvantagens foram citados o aumento de problemas no compartilhamento entre as controladas; a intensificação da possibilidade de choques de culturas diferentes; a possibilidade de cada gestor se voltar mais para sua organização quando os recursos são limitados; o maior esvaziamento da discussão de assuntos importantes na controlada; brecha para a ocorrência de retrabalho; possibilidade de atrasos na entrega das compras, que agora são centralizadas; maior exposição à politização e influência política; insuficiência de mecanismos de controle de desempenho; limitação das decisões e da gestão pelo que é estabelecido pela lei; existência de Forças políticas atuando e negociando; inexistência de carreiras civis em certas áreas aumentando essa exposição; falta de blindagem política e ingerência política; capacitação e estruturação não satisfatórios.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of written expression of pupils in relation to their region and the type of schools in which they are educated. It also deals with spelling skills of pupils with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills. The theoretical part summarizes the findings relating to the development of writing skills. It describes two basic developmental models, as well as the diagnostics of spelling. The research part consists of two assessment methods such as the quantitative methodology and the qualitative research methods which summarize the level of spelling skills contained in the research sample. The diagnosis revealed that both of the assessment methods are reliable and comparable for the diagnosis of the specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills and their outputs. The research revealed lower scores amongst pupils in the region who were included in the conducted tests used for the research. This research helped to define similarities and differences in spelling skills between socially disadvantaged pupils and pupils with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills. Keywords: specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, dysorthographia, development of writing skills, spelling diagnostics, writing tests, social disadvantages

The diploma thesis deals with the Kamenna district with a specific area of housing. It describes its history, morphology, today's life and its virtues and shady pages. Approaching today's issues of this location and approach or view of stakeholders. In addition, eight properties are instantiated in the work. These properties are selected from the so-called „Upper Kamenka“ and „Lower Kamenka“ (four from each part) to ensure comparable technical advantages and disadvantages of individual parts. Technical disadvantages such as absence of sewerage and geological survey on the sloping slope in one of the mentioned objects. Comparing methodology to the comparison method according to Decree No. 441/2013 Coll. in current version, Comparison method-market price and cost method according to Decree No. 441/2013 Coll. in current version. At the end of the work, the author undertakes a discussion about negotiating the price and explains the great diversity of the results.

Genom åren har köpcentrum skiftat fokuset från att enbart skapa ett köp- och sälj scenario, till en mer gynnsam atmosfär, där kunderna kan umgås och skapa unika upplevelser. Köpcentrum strävar efter att stå ut bland sina konkurrenter och förse sina kunder med olika utbud av produkter och tjänster. För att uppnå detta mål, krävs kreativa marknadsföringsstrategier och kundens åsikter, för att möjliggöra ett framgångsrikt varumärke. Att involvera de mänskliga sinnena har genom åren blivit en allt mer populär strategi när det kommer till marknadsföring. Sinnesmarknadsföring använder de fem mänskliga sinnena för att nå djupt in i konsumenternas känslor och påverka kundupplevelsen. Denna strategi har under åren resulterat i en hel del positiva resultat när den tillämpas i en marknadsföringsplan. Vi anser dock att det finns ett behov av att identifiera de negativa aspekterna av sinnesmarknadsföring, för att minimera och undvika konsekvenserna. Detta intresse har lett oss till vårt forskningsområde om att studera de negativa effekterna av sinnesmarknadsföring i ett köpcentrum och dess konsekvenser på konsument och företag. Vi påbörjade denna uppsats genom att intervjua de tre största köpcentrumen i Kalmar, Sverige för att kunna få ett företagsperspektiv av fenomenet. Dessutom, genomförde vi en enkätundersökning för att få ett konsumentperspektiv och jämföra skillnaderna. Dessa empiriska material gav oss viktig information som lett oss till att identifiera kategorierna av vårt teoretiska ramverk och slutligen nå en slutsats. Resultatet av denna forskning klargjorde skillnaden mellan företag och konsumentperspektivet, gällande de negativa effekterna av sinnesmarknadsföring. Sinnesmarknadsföring har visat oss behovet av att inkludera konsumenterna och förstå de negativa effekterna av fenomenet, för att kunna utveckla de rätta sinnesstrategierna. / Throughout the years, shopping malls have shifted the focus from only creating a buying and selling scenario, to a more conducive atmosphere, where customers can socialize and create unique experiences. Shopping malls strive to stand out amongst its competitors and provide its customers with a different outrange of products and services. In order to achieve this aim, creative marketing strategies and customer inputs are demanded to enable a successful brand. Involving the human senses has along the years, became an increasingly popular strategy when it comes to marketing. Sensory marketing utilizes the five human senses to reach deep into consumers emotions and influence customer experience. This strategy has during the years resulted in a great number of positive outcomes when applied to a marketing plan. However, we believe that there is a need of identifying the negative aspects of sensory marketing, to help minimize and avoid the consequences. This interest has led us to our research area of studying the negative effects of sensory marketing in a shopping mall and its consequences on consumers and corporate. We approached this paper by starting off with interviewing the three main shopping malls in Kalmar, Sweden to obtain a corporate perspective of the phenomenon. Furthermore, we carried out a survey to acquire the consumer perspective in order to compare the differences. These empirical materials gave us essential information that led us to identifying the categories of our theoretical framework and finally reaching a conclusion. The results of this research clarified the dissimilarity between the corporate and the consumer perspective, concerning the negative effects of sensory marketing. Sensory marketing has shown us the need of including consumers and understanding the negative effects of the phenomenon, in order to develop the right sensory strategy.

Syftet med denna enkätstudie är att undersöka hur mellanstadielärare upplever användningen av formativa bedömningsmetoder av elevers skrivande, men även att undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar som dessa metoder kan medföra. Lärarnas svar tyder på att det finns en varierad tillämpning av lärarrespons, kamratbedömning och självbedömning där fördelarna med respektive metod kan leda till att lärandet exempelvis blir tydligt och synligt samtidigt som eleverna blir aktiva och får möjlighet till att träna ansvar i sitt lärande. Däremot framförs även nackdelar som visar på formativ bedömning inte alltid har den avsedda effekten. Slutsatsen blir därför att det bör ske en reflektion över betydelsen av de didaktiska frågorna när, hur och varför bedömningsmetoderna tillämpas i undervisningen då lärarnas svar tyder på att eleverna inte alltid förstår bedömningen och därför inte kan använda den för att utveckla sitt skrivande.