Orientador: Sergio Roberto de Lucca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T03:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_GraziellaFerraride_M.pdf: 2340952 bytes, checksum: bd9fd17c9d803308a5c6ac1d0abe8893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esse estudo busca compreender um tipo de violência específica que atinge um número cada vez maior de bancários, que é o sequestro de funcionários e seus familiares para retirar o dinheiro diretamente dos cofres dos Bancos Financeiros. O trabalhador vitima do sequestro apresenta transtornos mentais graves após a ocorrência desse tipo de violência comprometendo seu desempenho profissional e psicossocial. Cabe ressaltar que o cenário atual do setor bancário apresenta uma organização precária devido ao intenso processo de reestruturação do trabalho, intensificado a partir dos anos 90, com objetivo de adaptação ao mercado financeiro altamente competitivo, impactando diretamente na saúde ocupacional dessa população. Os principais Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais verificados nos afastamentos de bancários segundo as estatísticas da Previdência Social são: depressão, transtorno de adaptação e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa se deu a partir de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro bancários vítimas de sequestro e foram compreendidas a partir do referencial metodológico da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o impacto psicossocial negativo do sequestro na vida das vitimas agravadas pelo inadequado manejo destas ocorrências contribuindo para as manifestações de transtornos psíquicos após o evento traumático. Com esse estudo, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de intervenções nas práticas organizacionais, na preservação da segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores bancários. A gravidade desse tipo de violência ao trabalhador deve também receber maior atenção da Saúde e Segurança Pública / Abstract: This study looks for a specific type of violence affecting an increasing number of employees of banks, which is the kidnapping of employees and their families to withdraw money directly from the vaults of the banks. The victim of the kidnapping, if the bank employee, has severe mental disorders after the occurrence of such violence, jeopardizing their professional and psychosocial performance. It is noteworthy that scenario it's banking sector is precarious in Brazil, due to the intense process of restructuring work, intensified since the 90s , in order to adapt to the highly competitive financial market, impacting directly on the occupational health of this population . Major mental and behavioral disorders seen in this type of occupation, leading to absenteeism, are according to statistics of Brazilian Social Welfare: depression, adjustment disorder and disorder post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The development of this research takes place from interviews with four bank officials who were kidnapped. These interviews are then understood from the methodological framework of content analysis, and the results obtained may contribute to the triggering of interventions on organizational practices in preserving the health and safety of bank employees. The severity of this type of violence to workers should also receive greater attention from the Health and Public Safety in Brazil / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Les dommages de masse regroupent de nombreuses situations comme les accidents technologiques, les crises sanitaires ou encore les catastrophes environnementales. Bien qu'elles tendent à se multiplier, ces situations peinent à être prises en compte par le droit pénal actuel. Le but de cette thèse est de rechercher dans quelle mesure le droit pénal peut sanctionner les responsables de tels dommages, quels sont les obstacles à cette prise en compte et comment y pallier. Des questions telles que les difficultés liées à la certitude causale, à la prise en compte de l'ampleur des atteintes portées au corps social ou encore à l'intégration du principe de précaution en droit pénal y sont donc étudiées. / In times of consumerism and mass production, news has provided us examples of technological, sanitary and environmental disasters which have required criminal law. Nevertheless, criminal law doesn’t seem to be perfectly adapted to the reality of mass accidents.In one hand, it appears that the resultant of mass accidents is an assault to a group of people, goods and environmental elements affected by one single harmful event. However, considering that one of the criminal law principles is the indifference to the number of victims, the massive aspect of the mass accident is not taken into account as a resultant of the offence. Thus, these accidents can only be punished by the means of general offences. However, due to the difficulty of establishing the causal link, those offences are not easy to identify. Indeed, such damages are often caused by multiple factors, which leads us to another question about the causal sequence of events and about the certainty of each cause.In the other hand, about repression, mass accidents are often caused by legal entities, which leads us to another difficult question: the criminal liability of societies and enterprises. In the same way, mass accidents are often the resultant of private or public-decisions-makers’ actions or omissions; their link to the offence can follow various rules. The punishment for those massive accidents, especially for the environmental ones, is also a difficult question; therefore, it is necessary to adapt criminal sentences to the specificities of those situations. Eventually, the main question remains the one about the evolution of criminal law, that needs to take into account the collective dimension of massive accidents, notably by creating specifics offences.

Children’s rights are human rights, regardless their vulnerability and dependence on adults. However, the situation of children’s rights in Haiti has always been delicate and it became even more fragile in the aftermath of the 2010 Earthquake and the 2016 Hurricane Matthew. Within this paper, the sociology of disaster theory together with case study and legal analysis as methods aim at analysing the effects of the two natural disasters on Haitian children’s rights. The paper also seeks to understand whether any differences could be noticed between the outcomes of the two catastrophes as well as to analyse the international and national institutional response to the aforementioned disasters. It is concluded that the two natural disasters had an enormous impact on the most important rights of Haitian children. Not many differences could be noticed, between the two events, and regardless the aid provided by the international community, Haitian children’s rights are still neglected, as we speak.

The generation of robust causal evidence is of paramount importance for informing policy and assessing the effect of different interventions in the educational setting. The objective of this thesis is to design and apply new methods for causal inference, particularly in observational studies, to answer pressing educational questions and provide evidence of the effect of specific events and policies. This thesis consists of three papers that use different identification strategies, such as a natural experiment, a regression discontinuity design, and a difference-in-differences approach, in combination with matching techniques, to identify the effect that specific educational interventions and a natural disaster had on students' and schools' outcomes in Chile. In the first paper, Vielma, Zubizarreta, and I present a new way of matching in observational studies that is able to (i) balance covariates directly with multiple-valued treatments, (ii) build self-weighted matched samples that are representative of a target population, and (iii) handle matching problems in large datasets in a fast and efficient way. The key insights of this new approach to matching are balancing the treatment groups relative to a target population and positing a linear-sized mixed integer formulation of the matching problem. We illustrate this method using both a simulation study and a case study. In the observational study, we estimate the effect that different intensities of the 2010 Chilean earthquake had on senior high school students' educational outcomes. We find that while increasing levels of exposure to the earthquake had a negative impact on school attendance, it had no effect on college admission test scores. In my second paper, I tackle the issue of generalization in a regression discontinuity design. Regression discontinuity designs are a commonly used approach for causal inference in observational studies. Under mild continuity assumptions, the method provides a robust estimate of the average treatment effect for observations directly at the threshold of assignment. However, it has limited external validity for populations away from the cutoff. This paper proposes a strategy to overcome this limitation by identifying a wider interval around the cutoff for estimation using a Generalization of a Regression Discontinuity Design (GRD). In this interval, predictive covariates are used to explain away the relationship between the assignment score and the outcome of interest for the pre-intervention period. Under the partially-testable assumption of conditional time-invariance in absence of the treatment, the generalization bandwidth can be applied to the post-intervention period, allowing for the estimation of average treatment effects for populations away from the cutoff. To illustrate this method, GRD is applied in the context of free higher education in Chile to estimate effects for vulnerable students. I find evidence that students at the margin of eligibility were positively affected by the policy, increasing both application and enrollment rates to university. In terms of a generalized effect, evidence is also consistent with an increasing effect as we get away from the cutoff. Finally, the third paper in this thesis addresses the question of unintended consequences in school segregation due to the introduction of a targeted voucher scheme. I use a difference-in-difference approach, in combination with matching on time-stable covariates, to estimate the effect that the 2008 Chilean voucher policy had on both average students' household income and academic performance at the school level. Results show that even though the policy had a positive effect on schools' standardized test scores, closing the gap between schools that subscribed to the policy compared to those that did not, there was also an increase in the differences between socioeconomic characteristics at the school level, such as average household income.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23316号 / 情博第752号 / 新制||情||128(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 多々納 裕一, 教授 畑山 満則, 准教授 大西 正光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

This dissertation proposes a theoretical framework of attitude change under threatening conditions based on parallel updating. More specifically, I focus on public preferences for policies to address terrorist attacks, pandemics, climate change and natural disasters in periods when these threats are elevated. I test my argument with four original survey experiments, which include eleven interventions and draw on a nationally diverse sample of a total of 9,110 American citizens. These interventions identify the effects of factual information, partisan cues, incidental emotions, ideological and non-ideological framing, and memory priming. Evidence from these experiments provides consistent support that public opinion updating exhibits five characteristics. First, citizens change their views by a small amount. Second, citizens’ opinions move in the direction of information. Third, attitude change occurs regardless of political predispositions and individual attributes. Fourth, exposure to information about a specific policy area does not impact preferences for policies unrelated to this area. The only exception to this rule is when the treatment is emotionally strong. Finally, attitude- and identity-based cross pressures may introduce only minimal bias in the manner citizens update their opinions. These conclusions strongly challenge theories of public opinion which argue that individual differences in more-or-less enduring political and psychological characteristics can lead to political polarization. Although the persuasive techniques studied here are not equally potent in changing political views, the findings invite cautious optimism about the capacity of citizens to update opinions in a reasonable and accurate manner, even when the circumstances are unfavorable. Finally, the results suggest that the roots of polarization should be searched for more directly, notably in the increasingly fragmented political, social, and media environments.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health outcomes of diabetic patients in Puerto Rico, before, during, and after Hurricane Maria, in 2017. The Department of Health in Puerto Rico provided the secondary data for the variables low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), mortality, and consumer price index (CPI). The inclusion criteria were participants for whom electronic data were available before, during, and after Hurricane Maria; the sample size was 450. The theoretical framework for this investigation was the health outcomes and impact assessment. The data were analyzed by univariate and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare means and normality test analysis. Results of this study revealed that before Hurricane Maria, diabetics in Puerto Rico did not have control of their health. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guideline for Hgb AIC is < 7.0; prior to Hurricane Maria Hgb AIC was 7.30 and after it was 7.21. The ADA LDL goal is

Media is used by audiences for more than its simple role as information provider. Audiences have been found to use news providers output in a multitude of ways. It has been found that some audience members have used such output as a way to gain social capital that aids in the generation of feelings of social cohesion with their community. This has been found to be especially true during the impact phase of a natural disaster, such as a hurricane (Perez-Lugo, 2004). Unfortunately what news providers specifically articulate that might have this latent use by audiences has not been studied as much as would be necessary for a concrete understanding of the topic that would aid other news providers in designing output during future disasters. As such, here this paper will explore what the content of the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper articulated during the impact phase of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans that had the potential to serve this latent function for its readers.

Återhämtningsprocessen efter naturkatastrofer är en ny process i Sverige som få studier studerat. Teorin om den kommunikativa planeringen innebär att kommunikationen och samverkan är väsentlig för att lyckas med en planering utan dispyter och argument. Syftet är att analysera hur den kommunikativa planeringen är en del av återhämtningsprocessen efter översvämningen i Gävle 2021. Två frågeställningar har använts; på vilket sätt har kommunkoncernen och medborgarna i Gävle implementerat återhämtningsstrategier samt hur upplevs samverkan vid återhämtningsprocessen fungera mellan aktörerna.   Studien tar en explorativ ansats och kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med aktörer i Gävle. Det framgår att kommunkoncernen samverkar, man att medborgarna inte är inblandade vid återhämtningsprocessen utöver återhämtningen av sina hem. Avsaknaden av att vara inblandade har lett till missnöjen, vilket kan lösas genom förtydliganden och information om medborgarnas roller och vad som förväntas av dem. Därmed är slutsatsen att den kommunikativa planeringen delvis är en del av återhämtningsprocessen. / Few have studied the recovery after natural disasters in Sweden. The theory of communicative planning is about how communication and cooperation can minimize disputes and arguments during a process. The aim is to analyze how communicative planning is part of the recovery after the flooding in Gävle 2021. Two questions have been used; how has the municipal group and the citizens of Gävle implemented recovery strategies and how has the collaboration between the actors in the recovery process worked.   The study takes an exploratory approach and qualitative interviews have been made with actors in Gävle. The results show the municipality collaborates; however, the citizens are not part of the recovery more than to rebuild their homes. The lack of participation has led to dissatisfaction, which can be solved through clarifications and information about citizens' roles and expectations. Therefore, the conclusion is that the recovery process does not fully follow the theory.

In recent years, coastal regions worldwide have experienced some of the most devastating hurricanes, such as Harvey and Ida, which resulted in immense human and capital loss. Unfortunately, global climate change, particularly sea-level rise, only amplifies their consequences since hurricanes and the associated storm-induced flooding become more frequent and deadlier. The goal of my work is to develop and implement tools towards effective strategies for resilient and sustainable cities, against storm hazards amidst climate change. We propose a comprehensive optimization framework to search, evaluate, and optimize over a multitude of potential solutions, under various budget and societal constraints. Our models yield significant monetary and efficiency improvements, and importantly, are created and updated based on stakeholders’ feedback (e.g., mayor’s office, transportation agencies, etc.). Case studies in New York City will be demonstrated.