Syftet med vår studie är att först ta reda på hur reseföretag har han-terat en katastrofsituation på en destination för att sedan kunna hitta strategier som ter sig lämpliga kring marknadsföringsarbetet för att locka tillbaka resenärer till den drabbade destinationen. Vi har valt att fokusera vår uppsats kring tsunamikatastrofen 2004 och hur olika reseföretag har gått till väga för att vinna tillbaka sina kunders förtroende. Vi har i denna uppsats valt att använda oss utav en kvalitativ me-tod med en abduktiv och fenomenologisk ansats då vårt syfte är att undersöka fenomenet tsunamikatastrofen 2004 i Thailand och ta reda på hur reseföretag har hanterat katastrofsituationen. Den abduktiva ansatsen har varit central under arbetets gång då vi har kompletterat teorin allt eftersom empirin vuxit fram. Vår empiri består av fem stycken kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har stor erfarenhet och kompetens inom det undersökta området. Vi har utgått från en modell som förklarar hur återhämtnings-processen för en destination bör gå till och implementerat denna modell på reseföretag. De marknadsföringsfaktorer som vi under uppsatsens gång sett vara extra vitala är relationen med kunder samt relationen med media för att kunna återhämta sig efter en kris. För fullständig slutsatsdiskussion hänvisar vi till kapitel sju. / The aim of this study is primarily to explore how travel companies have managed certain crisis situation on a destination to be able to adopt appropriate strategies to be used when marketing such desti-nation with the purpose to reclaim their customers. We have cho-sen to focus this paper on the tsunami disaster in 2004 and how different travel companies handled that situation when trying to regain their customers confidence. We have chosen to use a qualitative method with an abductive and a phenomenological approach as our aim with this study is to investigate the phenomena of the tsunami disaster 2004 in Thail-and and in which way travel companies handled this situation. The abductive approach has been fundamental when working with this paper as it made it possible for us to update the papers theory as the empirics has grown. Our empiric approach includes five qual-itative interviews with people who have a lot of experience compe-tence within the area we chosen to investigate. We have built this paper upon a model that explains how the reco-very period at a crisis destination should be handled and used this model on travel agencies. The marketing strategies that we have found fundamental during this period and essential for travel agen-cies to be aware of are those relating to the customers and media in order to recover from a crisis in the best possible way. We would like to refer the reader to chapter seven for our complete version of conclusions.

La presente ricerca focalizza l’attenzione ad un approccio sociologico alla resilienza ai disastri. Nello specifico si vuole esplorare le relazioni sociali, che si sviluppano in un contesto di disastro naturale fra la popolazione colpita e i volontari di protezione civile. Gli ambiti di ricerca sono costituti dagli ultimi tre drammatici terremoti italiani: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). Nella prima parte della tesi si presentano le definizioni dei concetti fondamentali della sociologia dei disastri, un’analisi della letteratura presente per la tematica della resilienza nell’ambito delle scienze umane e sociali e l’organizzazione del sistema di protezione civile e difesa civile in Italia. In riferimento alla parte empirica, sono state raccolte importanti ed interessanti informazioni circa il possibile legame sociale fra volontari di protezione civile e popolazione colpita dai terremoti attraverso differenti metodologie di ricerca come le interviste semi strutturate agli esperti di protezione civile, un questionario on line per tutti i volontari di protezione civile ed i racconti di vita per la popolazione colpita dal terremoto. La ricerca conduce a interessanti risultati per la resilienza ai disastri in ambito sociologico e a suoi possibili sviluppi futuri. / The present research focalizes the attention on a sociological approach to disaster resilience. Specifically it would explore the social relationships established in a context of natural disaster and between population affected by natural disaster and civil protection volunteers. The research fieldworks are represented by last three dramatic Italian earthquakes: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). In the first part of the thesis will be presented the definitions of the fundamental concepts for the sociology of disasters, a literature review about the topic of disaster resilient presents within human and social science context and the organization of civil protection system and civil defence in Italy. Referring to the empirical part, there were collected important and interesting information about the possible social tie between civil protection volunteers and population affected by earthquakes through different methodologies of research as semi structured interviews to the civil protection experts, an on line questionnaire for all civil protection volunteers and life stories for population affected by earthquake. The research guides for interesting findings for disaster resilience within a sociological context and for its future possible developments.

The increasing frequency and economic losses from natural disasters within the framework of decreasing agricultural prices and trade liberalization is becoming crucial in increasing poverty in the Mexican rural economy. During the past two decades, the governmental withdrawal from supporting the agricultural sector with investments in physical, financial and logistic instruments continues to stress agricultural livelihoods, as current private mechanisms have not replaced them effectively. It has contributed to making the agricultural sector particularly vulnerable to a number of hazards as it has weakened economic agents' response and impeded assets accumulation. This dissertation identifies economic vulnerability to natural and economic hazards in order to assess public and private coping capacity, and provides a conceptual framework and economic theory that supports the overall approach and employed methodologies. It is based on quantitative and qualitative research methods, and makes use of econometric analysis and stakeholders' views aimed at finding feasible solutions. Further, this dissertation offers a spatial model that can support policy-decision-making for the creation of differential investments in productive infrastructure, as well as financial instruments to reduce current vulnerability and poverty throughout the national territory. During the past two decades, over 80% of total economic losses from weather-related disasters occurred in the agricultural sector. In the same period, mean weighted agricultural prices have decreased over 50% in real terms, and since 1996 a trade deficit has persisted in this sector. Currently, the insufficient credit access, low coverage of crop insurance, as well as the near lack of investments to expand irrigation and further productive infrastructure is sharpening the vulnerability of rural livelihoods. These facts explain why this sector produces only 4% of the GDP despite employing over 20% of the national workforce. These facts undermine farmers' expectations of future incomes within the community, stimulating rural-urban out migration, which usually cannot be absorbed by the urban economy in sight of the modest industrial dynamism of the recent years. This leads to the enlargement of the informal sector in large cities and migratory flows to abroad, among others. (author's abstract)

In this study, dynamic response of Akk&ouml / pr&uuml / Dam under earthquake motions is analyzed and the permanent displacements are evaluated. Initially, the critical slip surface of the dam and the corresponding yield acceleration are determined by using the computer program SLOPE. Then, by employing the finite element program SAP2000, static analyses are performed to obtain the mean effective stresses which are used in the determination of dynamic material properties of the dam. Four different scenario earthquakes having a magnitude of 7 are used in the dynamic analyses. Two of those scenarios are taken from European Strong Motion Database and the others are generated by XS artificial earthquake generation program prepared by Erdik (1992). Dynamic analyses of the dam are carried out by the finite element program TELDYN. Permanent displacements of the critical slip surface are calculated by utilizing the Newmark method. Consequently, for an earthquake having a magnitude of M=7 and a peak ground acceleration of 0.20g, the maximum permanent displacement of the dam is found to be 15.90 cm. Furthermore, the permanent displacements of the dam are calculated under base motions having different peak ground acceleration values and it is observed that the rate of increase in the amount of permanent displacements is greater than the increase in the amount of peak ground accelerations.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Teilw. zugl.: Paris 3, Univ., Diss. / Literauturverz. S. 321 - 344. - Webliogr. S. 344 - [345]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5101.pdf: 9650051 bytes, checksum: 4ffeec3dafc404af81d723ad8b5502bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The disaster is a tragic and critical event that exceeds the everyday life, invaded it, messes it out. It is a phenomenon seen as unacceptable, and that surprises those who are both in and out of the scene; immediate concerns prompt mobilization of resources and exceptional measures, pressing authorities to act quickly (VALENCIO, 2012). Faced with such a phenomenon, civil defense has the institutional mission of coordinating all actions in context, including those of social assistance. However, the national reality tells us that, in Brazilian municipalities, social assistance has a significantly greater institutional presence in relation to civil defense. Howsoever, whether the presence of civil defense, either with the presence of social assistance, public assistance to those social groups affected in the disaster or that enhances their vulnerability to threatening events has been characterized by precariousness. That is, the recurrent has been a kind of care that goal by the kingdom needs (not rights), not exceeding the supply of needs, where is considered enough by the public entity the provision based on mattresses and baskets of food. Studies about politics of civil defense in disaster scenario were made by Valencio (2009, 2012), and Valencio & Valencio (2010). But, there is a gap in the debate about the strategic social care services in the context of disaster. This study aimed to throw light on this gap and analyze the reasons why, in the context of disaster, assistance to vulnerable populations remains as precarious. For this, the main objective of this study was to examine the sociological discourse and practice of social assistance in the context of disaster, using a macro and micro sociological perspective from the case study of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto/SP. Thus, study focused on the ways in which social context portrayed the disaster and, thereafter, identified the affected social groups and individuals from whom made his acting technique. In the present case, the acting technique implemented in the municipality and analyzed in this study was centrally guided in the displacement of a group of residents of some slums, recurrently subject to floods, to the housing complex Toni Wilson Garden. / O desastre é um acontecimento trágico e crítico que ultrapassa o cotidiano, invade-o, desarruma-o. É um fenômeno tido como inadmissível ante o qual se surpreendem os que se encontram tanto dentro como fora da cena; preocupações imediatas incitam a mobilização de excepcionais recursos e providências, pressionando-se autoridades para agirem rapidamente (VALENCIO, 2012). Frente a tal fenômeno, a defesa civil tem a missão institucional de coordenar todas as ações no contexto, inclusive àquelas de assistência social. Contudo, a realidade nacional nos indica que, nos municípios brasileiros, a assistência social tem uma presença institucional significativamente maior em relação à defesa civil. Todavia, seja com a presença da defesa civil, seja com a presença da assistência social, o atendimento público àqueles grupos sociais afetados no desastre ou aos que intensificam sua vulnerabilidade diante dos eventos ameaçantes tem se caracterizado pela precariedade. Ou seja, recorrente tem sido um tipo de atendimento que se baliza pelo reino das necessidades (e não dos direitos), não ultrapassando o suprimento das carências, no qual o provimento aos grupos sociais afetados em desastres com colchões e cestas-básicas seja considerado suficiente pelo ente público. Estudos sobre as políticas de defesa civil em cenário de desastres foram feitos por Valencio (2009; 2012), Valencio e Valencio (2010). Porém, há uma lacuna no debate quando se trata do atendimento estratégico da assistência social em contexto de desastre. Assim, este trabalho teve o intuito de jogar luzes nessa lacuna e analisar as razões pelas quais, no contexto de desastre, o atendimento às populações vulneráveis persiste apenas como suprimento de carências. Para isso, focou-se na atenção social em desastres e teve como objetivo principal a análise sociológica das diversas concepções de atendimento aos grupos sociais afetados, valendo-se de uma perspectiva macro e microssociológica, a partir do estudo do caso do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Focalizou-se os modos como os agentes de atenção social interpretaram o contexto de desastre e, a partir daí, identificaram os grupos sociais e sujeitos afetados junto aos quais realizaram sua atuação. No caso em tela, a atenção social implementada no município e analisada neste trabalho foi centralmente pautada no deslocamento de um grupo de moradores de algumas favelas, sujeitas recorrentemente às enchentes, para o conjunto habitacional do Jardim Wilson Toni.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2892.pdf: 3527297 bytes, checksum: e7503b70af61beb6ff5ba725594c3fad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / From the interaction between natural phenomena like rains and a social organization, it can be occurs a quantity of environmental damages, material and human losses which can configured depending of the intensity of these a disaster. Human losses have been demanding more public policies of civil protection, mainly these families who are displaced from their home. These families can be characterized for the loss of the home s territory that was destroyed or located in risk areas, and after the evacuation commanded by the State, they were removed from their homes. In many times, these displaced families don t have founds to provided a temporary habitation or no have received an invitation to live temporally in their parents and friends houses, and their only alternative are going to a temporary shelter organized by the State. Temporary shelters were organized from the adaptation of public schools, sports gymnasiums, where displaced families will try to make a territory to reproduce social practices associated with their privates routines on their homes. This attempt will depend the relations among families and the relations between them and shelters administrators. The objective of this study was describing and analyzing sociologically how, after these process of loss the territory of home, displaced families try to produce their privates routines in public spaces like temporary shelters organized in contexts of disasters related to rains. The methodological procedures were based: bibliographic research, documental research and field research with qualitative methods. From the contributions of Sociology of Disaster, disasters can be comprehended like processes that were defined by the symbolic production, which it constituted by the agents in competition for the monopoly of official vision. In these power relations, temporary shelters were left in invisibility, and they have constituted in human s exclusion agglomerate (HAESBAERT, 2004), an extreme desterritorialization which reveal multiples desterritorializations that displaced families live intensively on temporaries shelters, a space of social suffering. / Da interação entre um fenômeno natural como as chuvas e uma dada organização social, pode ocorrer uma quantidade de danos ambientais, materiais e humanos, configurando dependendo da intensidade desses danos um desastre. Os danos humanos são aqueles que têm demandado mais ações das políticas públicas de proteção civil, sobretudo as famílias que ficam desabrigadas. Estas se caracterizam como aquelas que tiveram o território de suas casas danificado ou destruído ou em área considerada de risco e, pelas medidas de evacuação sob a ordem do Estado, são desterritorializadas de suas moradias. Por não disporem de condições financeiras para prover uma habitação temporária ou de apoio de parentes ou amigos para conseguir alojamento, têm que recorrer aos abrigos temporários estruturados pelo Estado. Os abrigos são organizados a partir da adaptação de determinadas infra-estruturas como escolas públicas, ginásios, centros de exposições, nas quais as famílias tentarão reproduzir um território associado às práticas do mundo privado da casa, tentativa esta que será balizada a partir da relação que as famílias estabelecem entre si e com os coordenadores de abrigos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar sociologicamente como, a partir desse processo de perda do território da casa, as famílias tentam produzir suas práticas associadas ao mundo privado nos abrigos temporários para desabrigados em contextos de desastres relacionados às chuvas. Os procedimentos metodológicos para realização deste estudo tiveram como base: a revisão do estado da arte, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo de base qualitativa. A partir das contribuições da Sociologia, os desastres podem ser compreendidos como processos em que subjaz uma produção simbólica sempre construída por agentes em disputa pelo monopólio da visão oficial. E nessas relações de poder entre eles, os abrigos temporários são deixados na invisibilidade, constituindo-se como novos aglomerados humanos de exclusão (cf. HAESBAERT, 2004), uma forma de desterritorialização extrema que sinaliza as múltiplas desterritorializações que as famílias passam a viver de forma acentuada, como um sofrimento social.

[pt] A crescente participação das Forças Armadas (FA) em cooperação com a Defesa Civil em situações de desastres naturais tem demonstrado a importância do aprofundamento e aprimoramento dos estudos da logística humanitária no campo militar. Sabendo que a excelência nos processos pode gerar economia dos recursos a serem mobilizados para alcançar as necessidades da população afetada, bem como a minimização do tempo de resposta, este estudo objetiva apresentar e analisar as atividades de resposta a desastres naturais desempenhadas pela Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB), sob a ótica da modelagem de processos. Para isso, realiza-se um estudo de caso pautado no mapeamento das atividades realizadas pela Aeronáutica com base nas legislações em vigor e com base na operação real de apoio às vítimas do desastre da região serrana fluminense em 2011, considerada uma das maiores tragédias climáticas ocorridas no Brasil. Simultaneamente, é conduzida uma comparação de adequação ao padrão em relação à literatura acadêmica. Os resultados deste trabalho apontam para processos realizados pela FAB que podem ser considerados na elaboração de uma doutrina específica relativa ao tema e ainda os processos não previstos nas legislações vigentes, os quais podem ser objeto de futuras pesquisas na FAB, além de sugerir a inclusão de processos não representados nos modelos de processos de resposta a desastre da literatura acadêmica. Com isso, almeja-se subsidiar futuras pesquisa no meio acadêmico sobre o tema, bem como contribuir para a elaboração de uma doutrina específica relativa a essas atividades, a fim de se obter uma maior eficácia e eficiência no apoio da FAB em missões humanitárias. / [en] The growing participation of the Armed Forces (AF) in natural disasters situations has ratified the importance of deepening and improvement of studies in humanitarian logistics in the military field. Knowing that excellence in processes can generate savings of resources to be mobilized to meet the needs of the affected population as well as minimizing the response time, this study aims to present and analyze the response activities to natural disasters performed by the Brazilian Air Force (BRAF), from the perspective of process modeling. For this, a case study is carried out according to the mapping of activities performed by the BRAF based on the legislation in place and on a real operation of support to victims of a disaster in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro in 2011, considered one of the biggest climate tragedy in Brazil. Simultaneously, a pattern matching comparability in relation to the academic literature is conducted. The results of this study point to processes performed by the BRAF that can be considered in the preparation of a specific doctrine on the subject and to processes not considered in current legislation, which may be the subject of future research in the BRAF. It also suggests the inclusion of processes not represented in process models of disaster response in the academic literature. Thus, it aims to support future studies in academic research on the subject, as well as contribute to the development of a specific doctrine on these activities in order to achieve greater effectiveness and efficiency in the BRAF support for humanitarian missions.

Hazards are an integral part of people-environment relationships. The impact of hazards locally and globally has become increasinglymore severe. particularly in the previous two decades. This is largely as a result of unwise human intervention in natural systems. The study of hazards at secondary school level affords valuable opportunities for learning about people-environment issues. This in turn, can promote a greater awareness of environmental problems. One of the most important current aims of Geographical Education is the development of critical thinking skills in pupils. Such skills are vital for equipping pupils with the necessary tools to understand and participate in solving the world's increasing human and environmental problems. The development of a critical faculty in pupils is best achieved by the use of learner-based participatory teaching strategies where pupils are involved in problem solving activities. Research has shown that British and South African Geography curricula reflect current thinking in Geographical education and learning theory. The 1992 Junior Secondary Geography Syllabus in line with these trends. includes a section for study on hazards. Hazards are presented primarily as case studies in modern Geographical texts. which is seen as one of the most effective ways of teaching hazards. Research however suggests that South African textbooks have certain shortcomings. notwithstanding the importance placed on textbooks by teachers in this country. This study investigated the extent to which case study teaching materials on hazards are optimising opportunities available for effective learning within an Environmental Paradigm. An evaluation methodology, which is believed to have value for use by other researchers, was developed to suit the specific requirements of the study. The study findings reveal a poor realisation of the current aims of Geographical Education and learning theory, regarding the South African teaching materials. Recommendations are made improvements in the development and use of local case teaching materials. Guidelines for the development of for study local materials are provided from case studies in British texts and from methods developed by the researcher.