In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren entwickelt (Infrared Transition Moment Orientational Analysis, IR-TMOA) um die dreidimensionale Ordnung auf molekularer Ebene in infrarot-durchlässigen Systemen zu quantifizieren. Es beruht auf der Messung zahlreicher Infrarotspektren, die unter systematisch variierender Polarisation des einfallenden Lichts und Ausrichtung der Probe relativ zur optischen Achse aufgenommen werden. So wird ein repräsentativer Ausschnitt des dreidimensionalen Absorptionsellipsoids gemessen. Die Tensordarstellung dieses Ellipsoids ist äquivalent zum quadratischen Mittel der Verteilungsfunktion der Orientierung der Übergangsmomente, was wiederum dem Ordnungsparameter entspricht. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist ebenfalls, dass die Ordnung (und Orientierung) spezifisch für verschiedene molekulare Untereinheiten angegeben werden kann, da im mittleren Infrarot die Übergangsdipolmomente definierten, lokalen Schwingungen zugeordnet sind. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird IR-TMOA angewendet um die molekulare Ordnung von verschiedenen amorphen und kristallinen Untereinheiten in teil-kristallinen Polymeren (Polycaprolacton, PCL und Polyethylen, PE) zu bestimmen. So kann der Einfluss der Grenzflächen und der geometrischen Einschränkungen in PCL-Filmen auf Substraten in seiner Temperaturabhängigkeit charakterisiert werden. Ebenso wird erstmalig in freitragenden PCL-Filmen in durch mechanische Streckung plastisch deformierten Bereichen die stark biaxiale molekulare Ordnung quantifiziert. In industriell produzierten PE-Filmen, die unter dem Einfluss von äußerer mechanischer Spannung kristallisieren, wird die biaxiale Ordnung und Orientierung vollständig charakterisiert und in Abhängigkeit der Präparationsbedingungen analysiert. Des weiteren wird die Ordnung in einem System aus zwei Phasen untersucht: einer ferroelektrischen Polymermatrix mit mikrometer-großen Flüssigkristalleinschlüssen (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals). Dies erlaubt es, den Einfluss eines äußeren elektrischen Feldes und des remanenten Feldes der Matrix auf die Flüssigkristalle zu quantifizieren. Durch IR-TMOA wird für alle Systeme, die infrarot aktive Vibrationen aufweisen, eine dreidimensionale molekulare Beschreibung der Orientierung und Ordnung ermöglicht. Dies stellt wiederum einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag zum Verständnis der unterliegenden strukturbildenden Prozesse dar und deren Beitrag zur resultierenden makroskopischen Struktur.

Primarily, newly developed, high sensitive and accurate methods for thermal characterization of liquids using photothermal radiometry are presented. Two experimental configurations are suggested, tested and validated with usual liquid materials. These methods are used to study polymer dispersed liquid crystal samples. Dynamic thermal properties of samples are analysed verses amplitude varying applied electric field with constant frequency as well as versus frequency varying electric field with constant amplitude. Our results clearly show the thermal properties of the samples are prone to depolarizing field effects at the lower frequencies of the applied electric field. The experimental results are modeled against existing theories to predict electric properties of the sample composites. Second part of the manuscript describes the development of a novel photothermal technique based on thermoelectric effect. This technique is particularly useful for thermally characterizing thermoelectric materials without using a separate sensor for measuring induced temperature changes. A theoretical and experimental study is presented. The experiments are done on polyaniline - carbon nanotube composite pellets by measuring Seebeck voltage generated by the samples upon heating by a modulated laser beam. Additional infrared radiometry experiments are done on the same samples and the results are in good agreement with those previously found. Later on, the possibility of photothermoelectric materials to be used as sensors for finding thermal transport properties of materials with a thermal wave resonant cavity is suggested.

Ο Πατραϊκός Κόλπος βρίσκεται στη Δυτική Ελλάδα μεταξύ Στερεάς Ελλάδας και Πελοποννήσου. Είναι ένας σχετικά αβαθής θαλάσσιος κόλπος που συνδέει το βαθύ Κορινθιακό Κόλπο με το Ιόνιο Πέλαγος. Η περιοχή μελέτης εκτείνεται από την παραλία της Καλόγριας, Δ. Λαρισσού, μέχρι το Ακταίο του Δήμου Ρίου. Πραγματοποιηθήκαν 2 εποχικές δειγματοληψίες, για τη συλλογή θαλάσσιου νερού, μια χειμερινή το Μάρτιο του 2009 και μία θερινή το Σεπτέμβριο του ίδιου έτους. Εμβόλιμα έγινε δειγματοληψία λίγο μετά από ατύχημα πετρελαιοκηλίδας στο λιμάνι της Πάτρας. Στην εργασία αυτή με μία τροποποίηση της μεθόδου MARPOLMON-P, μετρήθηκε η εκπομπή φθορισμού των δειγμάτων μετά από την εκχύλιση τους με εξάνιο και διερευνήθηκε η παρουσία και η συγκέντρωση πετρελαϊκών ενώσεων καθώς και η διασπορά των πετρελαιοειδών στις παράκτιες περιοχές του Πατραϊκού Κόλπου. Σε κάθε δείγμα μετρήθηκαν φυσικές παράμετροι όπως η θερμοκρασία, το pH, η ηλεκτρική αγωγιμότητα και η θολερότητα του θαλάσσιου νερού. Η σύσταση των δειγμάτων της δεύτερης δειγματοληψίας διερευνήθηκε με τη χρήση GC-MS για τον εντοπισμό της πηγής των πετρελαϊκών ρύπων. Τα αποτελέσματα των δύο κύριων δειγματοληψιών παρουσίασαν μεγάλες διακυμάνσεις στη συγκέντρωση αλλά και στην κατανομή των πετρελαϊκών υδρογονανθράκων, με τα εύρη των τιμών των συγκεντρώσεων να κυμαίνονται για τη χειμερινή από 0 – 290 μg/L ισοδύναμων μονάδων χρυσενίου (Λιμάνι Προβλήτα Αγ. Νικολάου) και για τη θερινή δειγματοληψία από 0- 56 μg/L μονάδων χρυσενίου (Μαρίνα Τερψιθέας). Η κατανομή και η διασπορά των πετρελαιοειδών φαίνεται να επηρεάζεται άμεσα από τη διεύθυνση και ταχύτητα των κυμάτων και του επικρατούντος άνεμου στις περιοχές δειγματοληψίας, αλλά και από την ωκεανογραφική συμπεριφορά του Πατραϊκού Κόλπου. Στην ανάλυση GC/MS βρέθηκε μεγάλη αναλογία αλκάνιων σε όλα τα δείγματα, ενώ σε κάποια από αυτά βρέθηκαν πολυκυκλικοί αρωματικοί υδρογονάνθρακες και αλκένια, παράγωγα του πετρελαίου και των καυσίμων. Άλλες οργανικές ενώσεις όπως φθαλικοί εστέρες, σουλφίδια, αλκοόλες κ.α., ανιχνεύτηκαν σε χαμηλές συνήθως συγκεντρώσεις και πιθανόν προέρχονται από ρυπογόνες χερσαίες πηγές (επιφανειακή απορροή, αστικά και βιομηχανικά λύματα κ.α.). / The Gulf of Patras located between Continental Greece and Peloponnesus, in West Greece. The Gulf of Patras is relatively shallow and connects the deep Gulf of Corinth with Ionian Open Sea. The experimental area of our study extends from the beach of Kalogria, department of Municipality of Larissos, to Aktaion, department of Municipality of Rion. Two samplings, one in March of 2009 and one in September of the same year, were carried out in order to get sea water samples. After the occurrence of an oil slick accident in the port of Patras, an interstitial sampling was carried out. In this study, MARPOLMON-P method partially modified was used, in order to estimate the fluorescence emission of the hexane extracted sea water samples. The presence of Dissolved/Dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPH) was also investigated as well as their concentration and the distribution of those in the maritime areas of the Gulf of Patras. In every sample, physical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity of sea water were estimated. The identification of various substances within the samples of the second sampling (September of 2009) was conducted with GC-MS method, in order to find out the source of oil pollution. Considering our results of the two main samplings we found out that there were important ranges in concentration as well as in distribution of DDPH. At first sampling the range of values was between 0 to 290 μg/L of chrysene equivalents (Port of St. Nikolaos) and at second sampling was between 0 to 56 μg/L of chrysene equivalents (Port of Marina Terpsithea). The results showed that wave’s direction and speed, wind speed and oceanographical status of Gulf of Patras affected by the distribution and dispersion of petroleum hydrocarbons. During the GC/MS analysis high content of alkanes in all collected samples was identified, while some of them contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes, such as products of crude oil and mineral fuel. Other organic compounds such as pthallic esters, sulphides, alcoholes etc were found in low concentrations. These organic compounds were probably derived from pollutant ground sources (superficial rain flow or dilution drainage, urban and manufacturing wastesreams).

Le développement de la production éolienne permet de satisfaire les objectifs de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique. Cependant, dans certaines zones du réseau électrique, l’intégration d’un volume important de production peut créer des congestions qui traduisent l'incapacité du réseau à évacuer cette production. Les méthodes actuelles pour gérer les congestions sont basées sur des calculs prévisionnels de restrictions de production qui peuvent entrainer des pertes de production importantes pour le renouvelable. Cependant, dans le cadre d’un développement important du renouvelable, il est nécessaire de définir une méthodologie de gestion des congestions fiable, optimale du point de vue économique et non discriminatoire pour la production renouvelable.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, la méthodologie de gestion des congestions locales proposée repose sur l’usage d’un contrôle correctif. Le contrôle correctif est basé sur une boucle de régulation et un algorithme utilisant les réseaux de Petri. Une étude de stabilité de la boucle de régulation a montré que les marges de stabilité dépendantes des gains composant la boucle sont suffisantes. L’algorithme permet de définir les groupes de production à choisir pour la gestion des congestions en considérant leur coût d’utilisation et leur impact sur la congestion. Les essais, effectués sous le logiciel EUROSTAG, ont montré la pertinence de la méthodologie proposée et sa capacité à s’adapter à l’insertion des moyens de production. De plus, des conclusions générales sur les différents coûts associés à la gestion des congestions en fonction des différentes règlementations régissant la production renouvelable ont été obtenues / Development of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained

Stridsflygplan är en exklusiv resurs som är som mest sårbara när de står på marken. Med anledning av det osäkra omvärldsläget kring Östersjön så har Regeringen identifierat att in- vesteringar i flygbassystemet krävs för att öka flygstridskrafternas överlevnad i händelse av krig. Utifrån John A Warden III teorier om framgångsfaktorer för skydd av flygplan på mar- ken så jämför denna flerfallstudie stormaktens syn med småstatens avseende principer för sådant skydd. Studien syftar indirekt till att ge ledtrådar till utveckling av framtida base- ringskoncept. Resultatet i studien visar på likheter i, t.ex. synen på behovet av spridning av flygplan och utmaningen att logistikförsörja detta men också på skillnader i, t.ex. synen på vilseledande åtgärder. / Fighter Aircraft are an exclusive resource that are most vulnerable when standing on the ground. Due to the uncertain geosecurity situation surrounding the Baltic Sea, the government has determined that investment is required in the airbase system to increase the survival of air force assets in the case of war. Based on John A Warden III theories of factors for success for aircraft protection on the ground, this multi-case study compares the superpower view with that of the small state regarding principles for such protection. The study indirectly aims to provide clues for the development of future wartime basing concepts. The result of the study shows similarities, for example in view of the need for dispersal of aircraft and the logistic challenge of supplying this, as well as differences e.g. in views of deception measures such as screening and camouflage.

Dans le domaine des réseaux de distribution d'électricité, l'ouverture du marché de l'énergie à la concurrence et l'insertion massive des génératrices décentralisées d'énergie de ces dernières années conduisent à une profonde modification du fonctionnement et de l'exploitation des réseaux. Dans ce contexte, des solutions de pilotage de la consommation et de la production doivent être apportées, afin de permettre au réseau actuel d'accueillir les nouvelles unités de production et les charges de demain, telles que les panneaux photovoltaïques, les micro-éoliennes, la cogénération, les véhicules électriques, les maisons intelligentes, etc. Ces pilotages permettent d'influencer la consommation et la production instantanées des utilisateurs du réseau. Ainsi, il devient possible d'agir sur la consommation de façon à lisser les pics ou synchroniser la demande aux périodes de forte production des énergies renouvelables. De la même façon, la production peut être pilotée pour participer aux services systèmes. Ces stratégies de pilotage, basées sur l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication, ont pour objectifs d'éviter une dégradation de la qualité de l'onde de tension et une reconstruction complète du réseau de distribution, qui serait économiquement très couteuse. Ces travaux, intégrés au projet GreenLys, financé par l'agence française de l'environnement et de la maitrise de l'énergie, évaluent l'impact des génératrices décentralisées d'énergie et des véhicules électriques sur le réseau de distribution, puis développent des solutions de pilotage. Deux types de pilotage sont étudiés : le pilotage de la phase de raccordement d'une installation monophasée, puis le pilotage de la puissance réactive des génératrices décentralisées d'énergie. Ces pilotages sont développés en s'appuyant sur les nouveaux composants des réseaux électriques de demain, comme les compteurs intelligents. Dans une dernière partie, les stratégies de pilotage développées sont évaluées sur des équipements réels à partir d'une plateforme de simulation hybride temps réel. / In the electricity distribution network field, because of the electricity market opening and the large-scale insertion of dispersed generators (DJ) in these last years, the network undergoes radical modification in both operation and exploitation. In this context, some new integration solutions are invented in order to be able to connect the DJ, as photo-voltaic panels, micro wind turbines, cogeneration units, etc, and the new loads, as electric vehicles and smart home, without reduce the voltage wave quality or involve a very expensive power systems reinforcement. The objectives of those solutions are to influence the consumer consumption in order to reduce the peak consumption level and shift the consumption on the high renewable production period, and control the DJ output to participate to the service system. The new information and communication technologies (NICT) are strongly used in the development of those control strategies. This PhD work is including in the French project GreenLys supported by the French environment and energy management agency. GreenLys is a 4 years project focus on the development of a real scale Smart Grid in the two French cities Lyon and Grenoble. As a first step, this work evaluating the impact of the DJ and the electric vehicle on the distribution network. From the result of this impact study, two types of decentralized control strategies are investigated. The first one is focus on the phase connection. Since the majority of consumers and DJ connected on the distribution grid are single phases, methods allowing to choose the best phase connection are study. The second one is focus on new DJ reactive power control strategies. In the last part, the strategies are evaluated on a Power Hardware In the Loop simulation and real solar inverter.

Cette thèse interroge les mutations de l’habitation dans le cadre des transitions socioécologiques. Ces transitions sont des processus de mutations des sociétés qui visent à diminuer leur empreinte écologique et s’initient par des niches, des transformations marginales. Ce travail s’intéresse ainsi à la transformation en marge de la production de l’habitat et porte sur des initiatives ascendantes impulsées par les habitants qui mettent en place de l’autopromotion ou qui sont impliqués dans des projets de pouvoirs publics. Les « habitats alternatifs » étudiés sont situés en marge du phénomène d’urbanisation, dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne. En effet, dans ces territoires, de nouvelles ruralités émergent à travers l’arrivée de nouveaux habitants soutenue par des structures associatives et favorisée par des politiques publiques incitatives de développement des collectivités locales et des Parcs naturels régionaux. J’interroge ainsi dans ce travail la mise en place de l’habitation écologique dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne dans le cadre des transitions socioécologiques.L’hypothèse générale de ce travail est la suivante : les projets d’ « habitat alternatif » sont le lieu privilégié de l’expérimentation de l’habitation écologique dans les territoires ruraux de moyenne montagne. Je propose ainsi de vérifier cette hypothèse par une approche globale des projets d’ « habitat alternatif » afin de comprendre le système d’habitation écologique mis en place. J’analyse d’abord l’articulation entre acteurs dans le processus de projet et l’utilisation des ressources matérielles, énergétiques et en eau dans la construction et l’usage de ces habitats. J’explore ensuite le déploiement des manières d’habiter dans l’organisation de l’habitat et dans l’espace local par les mobilités. Aborder différents types d’ « habitat alternatif », écohameaux, habitat participatif rural et écolotissement, permet d’abord d’interroger les mutations de l’aménagement des territoires ruraux à partir des initiatives habitantes. Par là même, je mets en évidence les articulations entre les démarches individuelles, les programmes d’accompagnement des réseaux associatifs et les politiques publiques incitatives. Ensuite, par l’approche des marges de la production de l’habitat, j’interroge la contribution des projets d’habitat alternatif à l’habitation écologique des territoires de dispersion bâtie. Je montre l’importance des stratégies collectives pour permettre une sobriété des modes de vie, une utilisation des ressources locales et une mutualisation de l’espace et des biens. Ce travail révèle ainsi une habitation écologique au sein de la dispersion bâtie qui s’appuie sur une autonomie locale et une intégration aux réseaux physiques et virtuels. / This thesis examines the mutations of housing in the context of socio-ecological transitions. These society change processes aim to reduce ecological footprint and are initiated in niches by marginal changes. This work addresses the transformations in the margins of habitat production and it focuses of bottom-up initiatives driven by the inhabitants who set up self-promotion housing or that are involved in public authorities’ projects. The studied alternative housing projects are located in urbanization margins, in mid mountains rural areas. Indeed, in these territories, new ruralities have emerged based on the arrival of new residents supported by non-profit organization and promoted by local government policies and Parcs naturels régionaux. In this work, I thus question the organization of ecological housing in rural areas in the context of the socio-ecological transitions.The general hypothesis of this research is the following one: the alternative housing projects experiment ecological housing in mid mountain rural areas. I propose to test this hypothesis with a global approach to alternative housing projects in order to understand the ecological housing system organization. First, I analyze the relationship between actors in the project process and the use of material, energy and water resources in the construction and operation of these habitats. I then explore the deployment of the ways of living in the organization of the habitat and in the local space through the mobilities. Addressing different types of alternative housing, ecocommunity, rural cohousing and ecological estate, first allows to analyze the rural planning changes from inhabitants’ initiatives. In this way, I highlight the links between individual projects, support program of non-profit organizations and incentivizing public policies. Then, in the context of habitat production margins, I examine the contribution of alternative housing projects to the ecological housing of dispersedly built areas. I show the importance of collective strategies to allow a sober lifestyles, a use of local resources and mutualisation of space and goods. This work brings to light an ecological housing of dispersedly built areas between based on local autonomy and integration within physical and virtual networks.

Bakgrund: Corporate Governance även kallad bolagsstyrning, är något som dagligen berör företag och utgör därmed en central del inom företagsorganisationer. Den teori som blivit mest uppmärksammad inom bolagsstyrning är agentteorin, som förklarar intressekonflikter mellan agent-principalen i ett bolag. Tidigare studier har visat på skillnader i länders bolagsstyrning, främst mellan de anglosaxiska och europeiska länderna gällande ägarstrukturen. För att motverka intressekonflikter som agentteorin uppmärksammar har olika riktlinjer för god bolagsstyrning, i form av koder, tillkommit som kompletterar lagstiftningen.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur börsnoterade bolag på OMX30 Stockholmsbörsen förhåller sig till svensk kod för bolagsstyrning. Studien ämnar även att ta reda på om det finns något mönster mellan bolagens ägarstruktur och hur företagen väljer att följa Koden. Metod: För att kunna besvara studiens undersökningsfrågor avser studien att använda sig av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en deduktiv ansats. Undersökningen har genomförts genom att granska offentlig information i form av årsredovisningar, bolagsstyrningsrapporter samt företagshemsidor för studiens valda företag, som finns noterade på OMX30 Stockholmsbörsen mellan åren 2013-2017. Slutsatser: Den genomförda undersökningen visar på att samtliga bolag i studien väljer att följa svensk kod för bolagsstyrning utan avvikelser, där bolag med ett spritt ägande utgör en majoritet. Däremot visar undersökningen ingen signifikant trend på en minskad eller ökad avvikelse från Kodens riktlinjer från åren 2013–2017. Det finns ingen ägarstruktur som utgör en majoritet bland studiens undersökta bolag, utan fördelar sig någorlunda jämnt bland företagen. Studien visar även på att bolagen avviker mest från kodreglerna 2.4 och 9.2. / Background: Corporate Governance is something that concerns companies regularly and is forming a central part of corporate organizations. Agency-theory is the most attentive theory in Corporate Governance, which explains the differ goals and interests between the agents and principals in a company. Previous studies have shown differences between anglosaxisk and european countries, concerning the ownership structure.To prevent interest conflicts in companies several policies, presented as Codes have been presented in different countries.    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze how companies on the OMX30 Stockholm Stock Exchange, apply the main principles of the Swedish Corporate Governance Code. The study also aims to review if there is any pattern regarding the companies ownership structure and how the companies choose to follow the Code. Method: In order to examine and answer the questions of this study, the study intends to use a qualitative content approach with a deductive approach. The study has been conducted by reviewing public information from annual reports, corporate governance reports and websites for the selected companies during the years 2013-2017. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicates that most of the companies apply the Swedish Code of Corporate Governance without any deviations, where companies with a dispersed ownership is a majority. The study does not show any significant trend of a decreased or increased deviation from the code during the years 2013-2017. There is no ownership structure constituting a majority of the study’s investigated companies. The most common deviations in this study are 2.4 and 9.2 from the Swedish Code.

The Eulerian description of dispersed two-phase flows results in a system of partial differential equations describing characteristics of the flow, namely volume fraction, density and velocity of the two phases, around any point in space over time. When pressure forces are neglected or a same pressure is considered for both phases, the resulting system is weakly hyperbolic and solutions may exhibit vacuum states (regions void of the dispersed phase) or localized unbounded singularities (delta shocks) that are not physically desirable. Therefore, it is crucial to find a physical way for preventing the formation of such undesirable solutions in weakly hyperbolic Eulerian two-phase flow models. This thesis focuses on the mathematical analysis of an Eulerian model for air- droplet flows, here called the Eulerian droplet model. This model can be seen as the sticky particle system with a source term and is successfully used for the prediction of droplet impingement and more recently for the prediction of particle flows in air- ways. However, this model includes only one-way momentum exchange coupling, and develops delta shocks and vacuum states. The main goal of this thesis is to improve this model, especially for the prevention of delta shocks and vacuum states, and the adjunction of two-way momentum exchange coupling. Using a characteristic analysis, the condition for loss of regularity of smooth solutions of the inviscid Burgers equation with a source term is established. The same condition applies to the droplet model. The Riemann problems associated, respectively, to the Burgers equation with a source term and the droplet model are solved. The characteristics are curves that tend asymptotically to straight lines. The existence of an entropic solution to the generalized Rankine-Hugoniot conditions is proven. Next, a way for preventing the formation of delta shocks and vacuum states in the model is identified and a new Eulerian droplet model is proposed. A new hierarchy of two-way coupling Eulerian models is derived. Each model is analyzed and numerical comparisons of the models are carried out. Finally, 2D computations of air-particle flows comparing the new Eulerian droplet model with the standard Eulerian droplet model are presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3492986 bytes, checksum: cb918a3cba1ca29e84bfc06dbb5b6d70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The efficiency of removal of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solid (SSV) were studied in two anaerobic reactors which received semi-settled effluent (flow limited around 3.2 times the average flow) of a septic tank, one being adhered growth (R1, with bed of gravel Nº. 4) and the other dispersed growth (R3 without support material for microbial growth). This system was installed in the University Residence at UFPB in João Pessoa-PB. The treated sewage came from two bathrooms that catered to a theoretical population of 4 inhabitants. Eleven samples of the effluent from the septic tank and the effluent from the reactors 1 and 3 were performed in the period between 28/02/2013 and 10/12/2013. The temperature and pH of the reactors were presented in the range 24.5 to 28.1 ° C and 7.3 to 8.1, respectively. Those values are from the anaerobic treatment of household sewage. The BOD5 removal efficiencies (32.8 and 27.1% in R1 and R3, respectively), COD (43.4 and 33.0% in R1 and R3, respectively), SST (56.2 and 48.0% in R1 and R3, respectively) and VSS (54.7 and 46.2% in R1 and R3, respectively) were high. It demonstrates a good applicability of these low-cost housing units which are devoid of collective sewage system in the reduction of pollution load released in water bodies systems. An analysis of variance showed no significant difference of 5% between the average of the corresponding parameters of the two reactors, suggesting that reactor that receives discharges from the attenuation peaks, there is no need of support means, which may represent a reduction in costs involved. / Estudou-se a eficiência de remoção de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV) em dois reatores anaeróbios que recebiam efluentes semi-regularizados (vazão limitada a algo em torno de 3,2 vezes a vazão média) de um tanque séptico, sendo um deles de crescimento aderido (R1, com leito de brita n°4) e o outro de crescimento disperso (R3, sem material suporte para crescimento microbiano). Este sistema foi instalado na Residência Universitária da UFPB, em João Pessoa-PB. O esgoto a ser tratado era proveniente de dois banheiros que atendiam a uma população teórica de 4 habitantes. Foram realizadas 11 coletas do efluente do tanque séptico e dos efluentes dos reatores 1 e 3, no período compreendido entre 28/02/2013 e 10/12/2013. A temperatura e o pH nos reatores se apresentaram na faixa 24,5 - 28,1 °C e 7,3 - 8,1, respectivamente, valores estes, propícios ao tratamento anaeróbio de esgotos domiciliares. As eficiências de remoção de DBO5 (32,8 e 27,1%, em R1 e R3, respectivamente), DQO (43,4 e 33,0%, em R1 e R3, respectivamente), SST (56,2 e 48,0%, em R1 e R3, respectivamente) e SSV (54,7 e 46,2%, em R1 e R3, respectivamente) foram elevadas. Isto demonstra a aplicabilidade desses sistemas de baixo custo a unidades habitacionais desprovidas de sistema coletivo de esgotamento sanitário, na redução da carga poluidora lançada em corpos aquáticos. Um teste de análise de variância demonstrou não haver diferenças significativas ao nível de 5% entre as médias dos parâmetros correspondentes nos dois reatores, sugerindo que, para reatores que recebam vazões com atenuação dos picos, não há necessidade do meio suporte, podendo representar diminuição nos custos envolvidos.