Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Croton rhamnifolius (MÃll. Arg.) à uma espÃcie comum do sertÃo nordestino, principalmente nos estados de Pernambuco e CearÃ. O espÃcime foi coletado na cidade de Salgueiro â PE onde à popularmente conhecido por âquebra-facaâ, cujas as folhas sÃo empregadas para o tratamento de mal-estar gÃstrico, febre e Ãnsia de vÃmitos. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem fitoquÃmica, visando o isolamento e caracterizaÃÃo estrutural dos constituintes quÃmicos de C. rhamnifolius. A investigaÃÃo quÃmica foi realizada com os extratos hexÃnico e etanÃlico do c aule, e extrato etanÃlico da raiz. Os extratos foram submetidos a partiÃÃes lÃquido-lÃquido, cromatografias convencionais (adsorÃÃo-gel de sÃlica e exclusÃo - gel de dextrana) e atuais (HPLC - fase normal e reversa), resultando no isolamento e identificaÃÃo de dez terpenos, um alcaloide, um flavonoide e uma cumarina. Dentre as substÃncias isoladas, temos dois diterpenos de esqueleto clerodÃnico: Ãcido hardwickico e o Ãcido cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olido-18-Ãico; alÃm do diterpeno de esqueleto beierano: beiereno-3,12-diol; atiseno: 13 -hidroxi-atisen-3-ona; caurano: caur-16-eno; labdano rearranjado: rhamnifa, do sesquiterpeno: senecrassidiol; trÃs triterpenos pentacÃclicos: Ãcido acetil aleuritÃlico (AAA), lupeol e lupenona; o alcaloide de esqueleto quinolÃnico quinorhamina, um flavonoide 3', 4â, 5-trihidroxi-,7-dimetÃxiflavona; e uma cumarina escopoletina. O alcaloide indÃlico, rhamnifolina, obtido durante a dissertaÃÃo de mestrado e o diterpeno 13-hidroxi-atisen-3-ona foram avaliados quanto Ãs suas atividades citotÃxicas, tripanocida e leishmanicida, e os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma excelente atividade do primeiro composto nos trÃs testes farmacolÃgicos. Para o segundo, foram obtidos resultados positivos contra Leishmania amazonensis. As substÃncias quÃmicas isoladas tiveram suas estruturas elucidadas por mÃtodos fÃsicos (ponto de fusÃo e rotaÃÃo Ãptica) e espectroscÃpicos (Espectroscopia na regiÃo do Inf ravermelho, Espectrometria de Massas e Espectroscopia de RessonÃncia MagnÃtica Nuclear de 1H e 13C, incluindo tÃcnicas uni e bidimensionais), alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura. / Croton rhamnifolius (MÃll. Arg.) is a very common shrub of the interior northeastern region of Brazil, particularly in the states of Pernambuco and CearÃ. A specimen was harvested at Salgueiro County â Pernambuco where it is known as âquebra-facaâ (Pat. lit. = knife breaker) and is used to treat gastric problems. This work reports the phytochemical approach to isolate and characterize its chemical constituints. The chemical investigation was perfomed with hexane and ethanol extracts of the think, and the ethanol extract for the roots. Liquid-liquid partitioning, conventional (si-gel adsorption and dextran gel exclusion) and modern chromatography normal and revers phase (HPLC) lead to the isolation and characterization of ten terpenoids, an alkaloid, a flavonoid, and coumarin. Of the isolation compounds two were of the clerodane type hardwickic acid and cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-1 8-Ãico acid; a beyerene: beier-15-eno-3,12-diol; a atisane: 13-hydroxy-atisen-3-one; a kaurene: kaure-16-ene; a labdane: rhamnife; diterpene senecrassidiol; three were pentacyclic triterpenes: lupeol, lupenone and aleuritolic acid; an alkaloid quinoline: quinorhamine; a flavonoid 3', 4â, 5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-flavone; and coumarin: scopoletin. The indole alkaloid rhamnifoline, previously isolated and the diterpene 13-hydroxy-atisen-3-one were evaluated concerning to their cytotoxic, tripanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. Just the alkaloid showed positive results for all assays. The diterpene showed activity just on the leishmania test. The structure of all isolated compounds were determined through physical methods (melting points and optical rotati on) and spectroscopic means (IR, MS and NMR) including two dimensional techniques and comparision to the literature.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Plants used in traditional medicines have served as sources of some of the drug compounds used in medicines today, and could still serve as leads for then development of new drugs to treat existing chronic diseases such as hypertension. This study was aimed at the isolation and identification of a cardio-active compound from L. leonurus, a plant commonly used in traditional medicines in South Africa for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiac problems. The possible mechanisms by which the isolated compound produced its effect on the cardiovascular system were explored using the anaesthetized normotensive rat model.Fractionation of the organic extracts of the leaves led to the isolation of a novel diterpene,(13S)-9 , 13 -epoxylabda-6 (19),15(14)diol dilactone (EDD) whose structure was elucidated using infra red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy(MS), and X-ray diffraction analysis. In anaesthetized normotensive male Wistar rats, EDD(0.5 mg/kg – 5.0 mg/kg; IV) produced slight non-significant decreases in systolic pressure(SP), diastolic pressure (DP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with the lower (0.5 mg/kg– 2.0 mg/kg) doses, while significant increases in SP, DP and MAP occurred with the higher (3.0 mg/kg – 5.0 mg/kg) doses. All doses of EDD administered also produced significant decreases in heart rate (HR).Prazosin and reserpine pre-treatment abolished the vasoconstrictive effect of EDD,suggesting an indirect vasoconstrictive effect for EDD via the release of catecholamines.Atenolol pre-treatment led to increases in the negative chronotropic effect of EDD, while the positive chronotropic effect of dobutamine was significantly decreased by EDD,suggesting the involvement of the 1 adrenoceptor in the negative chronotropic effect of EDD. In animals pre-treated with verapamil, a cardio-selective Ca2+ channel blocker, no significant changes in HR occurred with all EDD doses, but HR values were significantly lower than those obtained with EDD in non pre-treated animals.The results of this study indicate that (13S)-9 , 13 -epoxylabda-6 (19),15(14)diol dilactone, a novel dilactone diterpene isolated from the leaves of L. leonurus has an effect on the cardiovascular system. EDD exhibits a dual effect on the cardiovascular system by producing a vasoconstrictive effect accompanied by bradycardia. The vasoconstrictive effect of EDD is probably due to the release of catecholamines, while the negative chronotropic effect is probably due to 1 adrenoceptor antagonism. Further studies are however required to fully determine the mechanism by which EDD produces its cardiovascular effects.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 16644791 bytes, checksum: 69ff0a5dda92d534738f14cc7f745210 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Euphorbiaceae is the sixth largest family of plants in the world and it is represented by 300 genera and approximately 7500 species. Among the many genus that composes this family, Croton stands as the second largest, with about 800 species, possessing a neotropical distribution. It is one of the genus more studied, largely due to promising bioactive compounds produced by this group. To contribute to the chemotaxonomic study of family Euphorbiaceae and genus Croton, the extract of C. grewioides was subjected to a phytochemical study to isolate its chemical constituents, through usual chromatographic methods, and then to identify them by means of spectroscopic methods such as infrared, NMR1H and 13C and uni-dimensional, mass spectrometry, and comparison with literature data. The chemical study of aerial parts of C. grewioides resulted in the identification of thirteen compounds (ent-2-oxo-cleroda-3,13-dien-15α,16-olide-21-ate, ent-2-oxo-cleroda- 3,13-dien-15β,16-olide-21-ate, ent-15,16-epoxy-2-oxo-3,13(16),14-clerodatriene, ent-15,16- epoxy-20-acetoxy-2-oxo-3,13(16),14-clerodatriene, ent-15,16-epoxy-2-oxo-3,13(16),14- clerodatrien-20-oic acid, 2-oxo-5α,8α-cleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide, cleroda-3,13-dien- 15,16-olide-8-oic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent-7α-acetoxytraquiloban-18-oic, octasyl trans-ferulate, 4-alyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 2-hidroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-acetofenone e estigmast-4-en-3-one), and three first described in the literature, isolates the first time in gender and eight first reported in the species. The chemical composition of essential oil showed eighteen components, among which α-pinene (47.43%) showed up with major compound. Essential oil C. grewioides and α-pinene were tested for toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B and IS-58.The essential oil C. grewioides and α-pinene tested did not show any significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains used, but were able to modulate the bacterial resistance to drugs. / A família Euphorbiaceae é a sexta maior família de vegetais do mundo representada por 300 gêneros e 7500 espécies. Dentre os inúmeros gêneros que compõe esta família, o gênero Croton se destaca como o segundo maior, com cerca de 800 espécies, possuindo uma distribuição neotropical. Esse gênero tem sido um dos mais estudados, em grande parte devido aos compostos químicos promissores produzido por este grupo. Visando contribuir para o estudo quimiotaxonômico da família Euphorbiaceae e do gênero Croton, o extrato de C. grewioides foi submetido a um estudo fitoquímico para isolar seus constituintes químicos, através de métodos cromatográficos usuais, e depois para identificá-los por meio de métodos espectroscópicos, tais como Infravermelho, RMN de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais, espectométricos, espectometria de massas, além de comparação com dados da literatura. O estudo químico das partes aéreas de C. grewioides resultou na identificação de treze substâncias (ent-2-oxo-cleroda-3,13-dien-15α,16-olideo-21-ato, ent-2-oxo-cleroda-3,13-dien- 15β,16-olideo-21-ato, ent-15,16-epoxi-2-oxo-3,13(16),14-clerodatrieno, ent-15,16-epoxi-20- acetoxi-2-oxo-3,13(16),14-clerodatrieno, ácido ent-15,16-epóxi-2-oxo-3,13(16),14- clerodatrien-20-óico, 2-oxo-5α,8α-cleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olideo, ácido cleroda-3,13-dien- 15,16-olideo-8-óico, ácido ent-caur-16-en-19-óico, ent-7α-acetoxitraquiloban-18-óico, ferulato de octila, 4-alil-1,2-dimetoxibenzeno, 2-hidroxi-4,6-dimetoxi-acetofenona e estigmast-4-en-3-ona), sendo destes, três descritos pela primeira vez na literatura, dois isolados pela primeira vez no gênero e oito relatados pela primeira vez na espécie. A composição química do óleo essencial apresentou dezoito componentes, dentre os quais, α- pineno (47,43%) mostrou-se com o composto majoritário. O óleo essencial de C.grewioides e o α-pineno foram testados para a toxicidade contra Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B e IS-58. O óleo essencial de C.grewioides e o α-pineno testado não mostraram qualquer atividade antibacteriana significativa contra as cepas Staphylococcus aureus usados, mas foram capazes de modular a resistência bacteriana a drogas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho descreve o primeiro estudo quÃmico das folhas de Croton pedicellatus Kunth.(Euphorbiaceae), um arbusto, nativo da AmÃrica do Sul, popularmente conhecido como velame, nome dado a vÃrias espÃcies de Croton. O extrato etanÃlico das folhas foi submetido a procedimentos clÃssicos de cromatografia, incluindo Cromatografia LÃquida de Alta EficiÃncia (CLAE), resultando no isolamento, de 15 metabÃlitos secundÃrios: dois sesquiterpenos conhecidos como blumenol A e roseosÃdeo; cinco diterpenos clerodanos furÃnicos: 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3-hidroxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18,2-olÃdeo; 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-2,8-dihidroxi-3-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila; 12,20:15, 16-diepoxi-2-hidroxi-3-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila; 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3,8-dihidroxi-2-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila e 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3-hidroxi-2-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16), 14-dien-18-oato de metila; seis flavonoides: alpinumisoflavona; canferol; 3-O-glicopiranosilquercetina; 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-icopiranosilcanferol (tilirosÃdeo), 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-galactopiranosilcanferol e 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-galactopiranosil-3â-metoxi canferol, alÃm dos esterÃides β-sitosterol e seu derivado 3-O-glicosilado. A determinaÃÃo estrutural de todos os metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados foi realizada atravÃs do emprego de tÃcnicas espectromÃtricas como ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear de hidrogÃnio-1 e carbono-13 (RMN de 1H e de 13C uni e bidimensionais), espectroscopia na regiÃo do infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas de alta resoluÃÃo, obtida com ionizaÃÃo por electrospray e comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura. / The present work describes for the first time the chemical investigation from leaves of Croton pedicellatus Kunth. (Euphorbiaceae), a shrub, native to South America and popularly known as âvelameâ, name given to several Croton species. The ethanol extract from leaves was subjected to classical chromatographic procedures including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in the isolation of 15 secondary metabolites: two sesquiterpenes known as blumenol A and roseosÃdeo; five clerodane furan diterpenes: 12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3-hydroxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18,2-olide; methyl-12,20: 15,16-diepoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-3-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12.20:15,16-diepoxy-2-hydroxy-3-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13 (16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3,8- dihydroxy-2-acetoxy-7,20 -dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3-hydroxy-2-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate, and six flavonoids: alpinumisoflavone, kaempferol, quercetin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside (tiliroside), kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-trans-pcoumaroyl)galactopyranoside and kaempferol-3â-methoxy-3-β-D-(6-trans-pcoumaroyl)glucopyranoside, besides the steroids β-sitosterol and its derivative 3-glucosylated. The structure determination of all secondary metabolites isolated was performed by spectrometric techniques such as hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C one/two- dimensional), infrared spectrometry (IR), high resolution mass spectrometry and comparison with literature data.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / This work describes the phytochemical investigation of two specimens of Hyptis: H. carvalhoi Harley and H. crassifolia Mart. ex Benth., whose purpose is to investigate northeastern Brazil plants of the Hyptis genus, in the search for bioactive compounds, especially with anticancer activity. The chemical analysis of both species resulted in the isolation and characterization of 10 substances for H. crassifolia and 12 substances for H. carvalhoi. Of the ethanol extract from roots of H. crassifolia were isolated nine diterpenes and the known triterpene betulinic acid. Of the nine diterpenes, four are abietanes: 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrie-7-one, 11,12,15-tri-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one and 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one, from which 11,12,15-tri-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one is being reported for the first time in the literature as a new natural abietane diterpene and the 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one is unknow. Three have rearranged abietanes skeletons: 11,12,14,16-tetra-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, 11,12,16-tri-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one and (16S)-12,16-epoxy-11,14-di-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, from which the 11,12,16-tri-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one is unknown, and to the (16S)-12,16-epoxy-11,14-di-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one is proposed a revision of the 1H and 13C NMR data previously reported in the literature. Two known labdane diterpenes: 11-oxomanoyl oxide and 11β-hydroxymanoyl oxide were also isolated. From the hexane extract of the roots of H. carvalhoi were isolated ten diterpenes, one compound from a mixed biosynthesis, 3β-[4â-acetoxyangeloiloxy]-tremetone, not yet reported for the Lamiaceae, and betulinic acid, a chemotaxonomic marker for the genus Hyptis. Of the ten diterpenes, five are abietane: 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-20-al, 8,11,13-abietatrien-12,20-diol, 11-hydroxy-12-metoxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-oic acid, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-oic acid and 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene, an unknown nor-diterpene, with a 20-nor-icetexane skeleton identified as 8(7),10(7)-di-epoxy-12-hydroxy-20-nor-8,11,13-abietatriene, a pimarane diterpene, 11-ketosandaracopimar-15-en-8β-ol, unknow in the Lamiaceae and three tanshinones: 7β-hydroxy-11,14-di-oxoabieta-8,13-diene, 7,12-di-hydroxy-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al and 7α-hydroxy-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-diene, from which the last is unknown. All compounds were isolated using successive chromatographic purification steps, including HPLC, and structural determination was performed by mean of spectroscopic techniques such as HRMS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, including uni and bidimensional pulse sequences, and comparison with data from the literature. Among the isolated compounds, eighteen have been tested for cell-growth inhibition activity against several human cancer cell lines, and ten showed activity. From the compounds isolated from H. crassifolia, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene and 11,12,14,16-tetra-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one showed a moderate cytotoxic activity, while 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrie-7-one exhibited a moderate, but selective activity against leukemia cell line. All diterpenes isolated from H. carvalhoi exhibited cytotoxic activity, but 7,12-di-hydroxy-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al, after 72 hours of incubation, showed IC50 values ranging from 3.91 to 32.01 μM in colon tumor (HCT-116) and leukemic (HL-60) cells, respectively. Its possible mechanism of action was then studied. / Este trabalho descreve a investigaÃÃo fitoquÃmica de dois espÃcimes de Hyptis: H. carvalhoi Harley e H. crassifolia Mart. ex Benth. O objetivo à investigar plantas do gÃnero Hyptis do Nordeste do Brasil, na busca por compostos bioativos, principalmente com atividade anticÃncer. A prospecÃÃo quÃmica relativa Ãs duas espÃcies resultou no isolamento de 10 substÃncias para H. crassifolia e 12 substÃncias para H. carvalhoi. Do extrato etanÃlico das raÃzes de H. crassifolia foram isolados nove diterpenos e o triterpeno conhecido como Ãcido betulÃnico. Dos nove diterpenos, quatro sÃo abietanos: 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno, 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona, 11,12,15-tri-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona e 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona, dos quais a 11,12,15-tri-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona està sendo relatada pela primeira vez como um novo diterpeno abietano natural e a 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona à inÃdita na literatura. TrÃs apresentam esqueletos abietanos rearranjados: 11,12,14,16-tetra-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona, 11,12,16-tri-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona e (16S)-12,16-epoxi-11,14-di-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona, sendo a 11,12,16-tri-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona inÃdita, e para a (16S)-12,16-epoxi-11,14-di-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona està se propondo uma revisÃo dos dados de RMN de 1H e 13C relatados na literatura. Foram isolados tambÃm dois diterpenos labdanos conhecidos: Ãxido de 11β-hidroximanoila e Ãxido de 11-oxomanoila. Do extrato hexÃnico das raÃzes de H. carvalhoi foram isolados dez diterpenos, uma substÃncia de biossÃntese mista, denominada de 3β-[4â-acetoxiangeloiloxi]-tremetona, ainda nÃo relatada na famÃlia Lamiaceae e o Ãcido betulÃnico, marcador quimiotaxonÃmico no gÃnero Hyptis. Dos dez diterpenos, cinco sÃo abietanos: 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-20-al, 8,11,13-abietatrien-12,20-diol, Ãcido 11-hidroxi-12-metoxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-Ãico, Ãcido 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-Ãico e 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno, um nor-diterpeno, com esqueleto 20-nor-icetexano inÃdito, denominado 8(7),10(7)-diepoxi-12-hidroxi-20-nor-8,11,13-abietatrieno, um diterpeno pimarano, o 11-cetosandaracopimar-15-en-8β-ol, inÃdito na famÃlia Lamiaceae e trÃs tanshinonas: 7β-hidroxi-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-dieno, 7,12-di-hidroxi-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al e 7α-hidroxi-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-dieno, sendo a Ãltima inÃdita na literatura. Todos os compostos foram isolados utilizando sucessivos fracionamentos cromatogrÃficos, incluindo CLAE e a determinaÃÃo estrutural foi realizada atravÃs de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas como EMAR, IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, incluindo sequÃncias de pulsos uni e bidimensionais, e comparaÃÃo com dados descritos na literatura. Dentre os compostos isolados, dezoito foram testados com relaÃÃo a inibiÃÃo do crescimento celular de quatro linhagens de cÃlulas humanas cancerÃgenas e dez mostraram atividade. Dos compostos isolados de H. crassifolia o 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno e a 11,12,14,16-tetra-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona apresentaram atividade citotÃxica moderada, enquanto a 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona apresentou uma atividade citotÃxica moderada, porÃm seletiva contra cÃlulas tumorais leucÃmicas. Dos compostos isolados de H. carvalhoi todos os diterpenos apresentaram atividade citotÃxica, mas a 7,12-di-hidroxi-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al, apÃs 72 horas de incubaÃÃo, apresentou valores de CI50 que variaram de 3,91 a 32,01 μM em cÃlulas tumorais de cÃlon (HCT-116) e leucÃmicas (HL-60), respectivamente. O seu possÃvel mecanismo de aÃÃo, foi entÃo estudado.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T18:41:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Túlio da Silva - 2016.pdf: 959423 bytes, checksum: a4fe5ae93a1e4702d47417018019a577 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:56:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Túlio da Silva - 2016.pdf: 959423 bytes, checksum: a4fe5ae93a1e4702d47417018019a577 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T13:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Túlio da Silva - 2016.pdf: 959423 bytes, checksum: a4fe5ae93a1e4702d47417018019a577 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-13 / The genus Copaifera it belongs to the family Fabaceae, this genus it has 72 species distributed in tropical regions of America and West Africa. In Brazil there are 16 endemic species, highlighting: Copaifera officinalis L., Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Copaifera confertiflora Benth., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Copaifera coriacea Mart. and Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, as the most studied. Of The trunk of Copaiferas extracted an oil-resin which is attributed anti-inflammatory actions, antimicrobial, healing ulcers and wounds in general. In the chemical composition of copaiba oil-resin stand out a volatile fraction mainly composed of sesquiterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenates a resinous fraction consisting of diterpene acids. The lack of effective parameters to characterize and therefore realize the quality control, linked to the intrinsic chemical variability of oil-resin undertake the commercialization of this raw material for pharmaceutical industry. Among the most studied species, the Copaifera multijuga Hayne, known as copaíba, mari mari, purple copaíba, is used for its anti-inflammatory properties and was the subject of this study this work. This study aimed to characterize oils-resins of C. multijuga through physical and chemical methods, aiming at quality control parameters. The Chapter 1 presents the chemical variability of the essential oil obtained from 11 specimens of oil-resin of C.multijuga collected in Santarém / Pará, analyzed by GC-MS; analysis of physical parameters (density, refractive index and viscosity) and chemical (identification and quantification of β-caryophyllene marker HPLC) in the oils-resins samples, essential oil analysis from oil-resin as well as the isolation and identification of diterpenes in a sample oil-resin of C. multijuga. The density and the refractive index remained constant while the viscosity ranged between specimens. The β-caryophyllene content identified and quantified by HPLC ranged from 22.4 to 75.1%. In the essential oil, the major compounds were β-caryophyllene, the α-humuleno and multivariate statistical analyzes grouped the 11 specimens in two clusters in relation to compounds, δ-elemene, α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, α-humuleno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene and trans-4-muurola(14),5-diene. Statistical analysis realized out showed a high chemical variability between individuals of the same species of C. multijuga even the samples have been collected close to each other and in the same period of year. The diterpenes isolates of oil-resin of C. multijuga were the copalic acid, 3-hydroxy-copalic, 3-acetoxy-copalic and ent-agático. / O gênero Copaifera pertence à família Fabaceae e possui 72 espécies distribuídas em regiões de clima tropical da América e África Ocidental. No Brasil existem 16 espécies endêmicas, destacando-se pela maior ocorrência: Copaifera officinalis L., Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Copaifera confertiflora Benth., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Copaifera coriacea Mart. e Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke. Do tronco das Copaiferas se extrai um óleo-resina a qual se atribuí ações anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana, cicatrizante de úlceras e feridas em geral. Na composição química do óleo-resina de copaíba destacam-se uma fração volátil composta principalmente por hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos e sesquiterpenos oxigenados e uma fração resinosa composta por diterpenos ácidos. A carência de parâmetros eficazes para caracterizar e, por conseguinte realizar o controle de qualidade, atrelado à variabilidade química intrínseca do óleo-resina comprometem a comercialização dessa matéria-prima para indústria farmacêutica. Dentre as espécies mais estudadas, a Copaifera multijuga Hayne, conhecida como copaíba, mari mari, copaíba roxa, é utilizada pelas suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e foi objeto desse estudo. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracaterizar óleos-resinas de C. multijuga por métodos físicos e químicos, visando parâmetros que possam ser utilizados no controle de qualidade. O capítulo 1 apresenta as variabilidade química do óleo essencial obtido do óleo-resina de 11 espécimes de C. multijuga coletados em Santarém/Pará, analisados por CG-EM; a análise de parâmetros físicos (densidade, índice de refração e viscosidade) e químicos (identificação e quantificação do marcador β-cariofileno por CLAE) bem como análise do óleo essencial, o isolamento e identificação de diterpenos de uma amostra de óleo-resina de C. multijuga. A densidade e o índice de refração se mantiveram constantes enquanto que a viscosidade variou entre os espécimes. O teor de β-cariofileno identificado e quantificado por CLAE variou de 22,4 a 75,1%. No óleo essencial, os compostos majoritários foram o β-cariofileno, o α-humuleno e as análises estatísticas multivariadas agruparam os 11 espécimes em dois clusters em relação aos compostos δ-elemeno, α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, α-humuleno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-dieno, trans-muurola-4(14),5-dieno. As análises estatísticas realizadas mostraram uma alta variabilidade química entre indivíduos da mesma espécie de C. multijuga, mesmo as amostras tendo sido coletadas próximas uma das outras e na mesma época do ano. Os diterpenos isolados do óleo-resina de C. multiuga foram o ácido copálico, 3-hidróxi-copálico, o 3-acetóxi-copálico e o ent-agático.

Ce travail de thèse consacré à la chimie de Zingiberaceae est divisé en deux parties distinctes.Dans la première partie, une étude phytochimique des rhizomes d’une plante africaine, Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum., couramment employée en Côte d’Ivoire, a été réalisée. Deux nouveaux composés, nommés sceptrumlabdalactone A et sceptrumlabdalactone B ont été isolés. Ce sont des composés terpéniques type labdane. Le sceptrumlabdalactone B est fortement actif contre L. donovani, avec une CI50 proche de celle de la pentamidine.L’extraction de l’huile essentielle des rhizomes a également été réalisée par hydrodistillation. L’analyse de l’huile par GC-MS a montré la présence de mono- et de sesquiterpènes avec une quasi-absence de monoterpènes aromatiques. L’évaluation des activités biologiques de l’huile a montré une activité contre les bactéries à Gram positif, et dans une moindre mesure, contre les bactéries à Gram négatif. Une forte activité trichomonicide a aussi été constatée.La deuxième partie, est consacrée à la curcumine. Ce diarylheptanoïde, est fréquent dans plusieurs Curcumas, Des analogues originaux, par exemple prénylés ont été préparés. Plusieurs activités biologiques (activités antiparasitaires, antibactériennes, anti-inflammatoires, anti-agrégation de la protéine β-amyloïde) ont été évaluées in vitro. L’activité anti-inflammatoire apparait différente de celle du produit de départ pour un des analogues.De même, la désaromatisation oxydante de la curcumine et ses analogues a permis l’accès en une ou deux étapes à des composés originaux à pharmacophore largement modifié.Des nanoparticules à base de "curcumine-squalénisée" ont également été préparées afin de surmonter le problème de la faible biodisponibilité de la curcumine. L’activité leishmanicide in vitro semble prometteuse. / During our research for fighting human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), two approaches were employed; firstly the traditional use of plants, secondly the synthesis of original derivatives of curcumin.In the first part, a bioguided fractionation of a methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum (Zingiberaceae) allowed the isolation of five compounds, including new labdanes, named sceptrumlabdalactone A and sceptrumlabdalactone B successively. Sceptrumlabdalactone B was reasonably active against T. brucei brucei, and strongly active against L. donovani, with IC50 close to that of pentamidine.The essential oil from the rhizomes of the species might also contribute to its biological activity. It was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. Its major constituents were β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide and cyperene. It exhibited strong bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It only showed moderate bacteriostatic activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkable activities against T. b. brucei and Trichomonas vaginalis were also observed.The second part is devoted to curcumin. This diarylheptanoid, is common in several Curcuma spp.Structural modifications and preparation of nanoparticles of curcumin were carried out to increase its activities and/or overcome the problem of the low bioavailability of this compound.Original analogs, e.g. prenylated curcumins were prepared. Several biological activities (antiparasitic, anti-inflammation, Inhibition of β–amyloid aggregation, etc) were evaluated in vitro.Similarly, the oxidative dearomatization of curcumin and its analogues allowed the access to novel original compounds.Finally, the coupling of curcumin and squalene was achieved. The resulting molecules were able to form spherical nanoassemblies that may overcome bioavailability issues. Antiparasitic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities were also evaluated. The in vitro leishmanicidal activity seems promising.

Croton (Euphorbiaceae), é um gênero promissor para pesquisa de compostos bioativos, tanto pela variedade de compostos químicos encontrados, quanto pela diversidade de uso na medicina tradicional/popular. Estudos farmacológicos comprovaram atividades antimicrobianas, antivirais, anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e citotóxicas. Neste trabalho, foram obtidos extratos fracionados em Soxhlet (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanol) de folhas e caules de C. pallidulus Baill var. pallidulus (Baill.) L.B. Smith & S.F. Smith. Esses extratos foram avaliados quanto às atividades 1) antibacteriana pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, utilizando Staphylococcus aureus - cepas sensível e resistente à vancomicina, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli e Salmonella choleraesuis; 2) antioxidante (sequestro do radical livre DPPH); e quanto à toxicidade frente à Artemia salina. A fração mais ativa neste último ensaio foi selecionada para a avaliação da atividade citotóxica utilizando as células de sarcoma uterino humano. Os fenóis totais, e flavonóis e flavonas totais foram quantificados por métodos colorimétricos. O fracionamento dos extratos hexânico e diclorometânico foi feito por cromatografia em coluna de sílica, enquanto o dos extratos de acetato de etila e metanol, em coluna de PVPP. O isolamento das substâncias das frações ativas nos ensaios de atividade antibacteriana (S. aureus - sensível) e de toxicidade frente à A. salina foi realizado por CLAE semipreparativo. O teor de fenóis totais de C. pallidulus var. pallidulus foi de 1,95 g EAG/100g MS e de flavonóis e flavonas totais foi de 0,56 g EQ/100g MS. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade contra S. aureus (sensível e resistente), com CBM de 2048 mg/L, exceto o extrato metanólico que apresentou atividade apenas contra S. aureus (sensível). Nenhum extrato apresentou atividade contra as demais cepas. As frações FH-5A - hexano (CBM de 256mg/L) e FA-7 - acetato de etila (CBM de 1024mg/L) foram as que apresentaram maior atividade antibacteriana. A fração FH-5A foi separada em coluna de sílica, e suas subfrações apresentaram atividades antibacterianas menores que a fração que lhe deu origem. Das sete substâncias majoritárias isoladas da fração FA-7, nenhuma apresentou atividade antibacteriana. Seis delas são flavonoides: três C-glicosídeos de apigenina, um O-glucosídeo de campferol, um O-galactosídeo de isoramnetina e um O-rutinosídeo de isoraminetina. Apenas o extrato diclorometânico apresentou atividade no ensaio de toxicidade frente à A. salina, com CL50 de 385mg/L. A fração com maior toxicidade foi a FD-4A, com CL50 de 101mg/L. As substâncias mais abundantes nesta fração foram isoladas e identificadas como 8,9-secocauranos, derivados da kongensina F. Quanto a atividade citotóxica, a atividade de FD-4A foi três vezes maior que a atividade do extrato diclorometânico. Os extratos de acetato de etila e de metanol apresentaram os maiores valores de atividade antioxidante: 12,11 e 11,77 gEQ/100g, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os flavonoides foram as substâncias fenólicas que mais influenciaram na atividade antioxidante das frações dos extratos de acetato de etila e de metanol. Com esses resultados verifica-se que C. pallidulus var. pallidulus possui ação antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante, sendo uma potencial fonte para novos fármacos para tratamento de doenças infecciosas e câncer. Conseguiu-se também isolar três 8,9-secocauranos, derivados da kongensina F, que aparentemente não haviam ainda sido descritos / Croton (Euphorbiaceae), is a promising genre for investigation of bioactive compounds, both for the variety of compouds, as for the diversity of use in traditional medicine. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. In this study, fractionated extracts of leaves and stems of C. pallidulus Baill var. pallidulus (Baill.) L.B. S.F. Smith & Smith were obtained throught Soxhlet (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The following activities of these extracts were tested: 1) antibacterial activity, through microbroth dilution assay using: Staphylococcus aureus - sensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella choleraesuis; 2) antioxidant activity (free radical DPPH scavenging) and Artemia salina toxicity evaluation. The most active fraction in the latter test was selected to evaluate the cytotoxic activity using human uterine sarcoma cells. The total phenols, and total flavonols and flavones were quantified by colorimetric methods. The fractionation of hexane and dichloromethane extracts was done through silica column chromatography, while PVPP column was used for the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The isolation of the active fractions major compounds in the antibacterial activity (S. aureus - sensitive) and A. saline toxicity assays were performed by semipreparative HPLC. The total phenolic content of C. pallidulus var. pallidulus was 1.95 g GAE/100g DM and total flavonols and flavones was 0.56 g QE/100g MS. All extracts showed activity against S. aureus (sensitive and resistant), with MBC of 2048 mg/L, except for the methanol extract, which showed activity only against S. aureus (sensitive). Extracts showed no activity against the other strains. Fractions FH-5A-hexane (MBC: 256mg/L) and FA-7-ethyl acetate (MBC: 1024mg/L) showed the highest antibacterial activity. The fraction FH-5A was separated on a silica column, and its subfractions showed smaller antibacterial activity than FH-5A. The seven major compounds isolated from the FA-7 fraction, showed no antibacterial activity. Six of them are flavonoids, three apigenin C-glycosides, one kaempferol O-glucoside, one isorhamnetin O-galactoside and one isorhamnetin O-rutinoside. Only the dichloromethane extract showed activity in the A. salina toxicity assay, LC50: 385mg/L. The fraction with the highest toxicity was the FD-4A, LC50: 101mg/L. The most abundant substances in this fraction were isolated and identified as 8,9 - secokauranes derived from kongensin F. As for the cytotoxic activity, the FD-4A activity was three times higher than the dichloromethane extract activity. The extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol showed the highest antioxidant activity: 12.11 and 11.77 gQE/100g, respectively. It was observed that flavonoids were the phenolic substances that most influenced the antioxidant activity of the fractions of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. With these results we suggest that C. pallidulus var. pallidulus has antibacterial activity, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties, being a potential source of new drugs for treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. We also isolated three 8,9-secokauranes derived from kongensin F, which apparently had not been described yet

Alzhemier's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia which is characterized by the deposition of amyloids in affected neurons and a cholinergic neurotransmission deficit in the brain. Current therapeutic intervention for AD is primarily based on inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to restore the brain acetylcholine level. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a diterprene which is extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, an herb that is commonly prescribed in Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular disease. The present study is aimed at verifying CT's property as an AChE inhibitor using different models. By AChE activity assay, CT was found to be a dual inhibitor which inhibits both human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BuChE) with similar IC50. CT inhibited human AChE in a reversible manner, and the inhibition showed the characteristics of mixed-type. To human BuChE, CT is an uncompetitive inhibitor. CT can also inhibit AChE from rat cortical neurons. Apart from AChE inhibition, CT was demonstrated to have ameliorating effect on glutamate excitotoxicity, which is a cause of neuron death in AD. Further study showing that CT treatment can reduce cellular tau phosphorylation, which is the downstream effector of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In animal model, the effect of CT on learning impairment in scopolamine-treated rats was also evaluated by the acquisition protocol of Morris water maze. The task learning ability of scopolamine-treated rats was significantly reversed by CT, and the CT-fed rats were able to develop spatial searching strategy comparable to the control animals. Chronic administration of CT at effective doses did not cause significant hepatotoxicity. Cholinergic side effect of muscle weakness was not observed in CT treated rats. On the contrary CT was found to increase the locomotor activity of NIH mice in forced swimming test through reducing the lactic acid in the circulation. Data in this study gives further support on CT's potential as a therapeutic drug for treating AD. / by Wong, Kin Kwan Kelvin. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-167). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Submitted by Fernando Bombarda Oda null (fer_oda@fcfar.unesp.br) on 2017-07-20T17:23:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Fernando_Oda_Final.pdf: 7648101 bytes, checksum: f78680181e6caaa8a443897d877a8eae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-21T18:30:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oda_fb_me_arafcf_parc.pdf: 1138705 bytes, checksum: a9ec30f0d79f53facd0d1b055e2a1bc4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oda_fb_me_arafcf_parc.pdf: 1138705 bytes, checksum: a9ec30f0d79f53facd0d1b055e2a1bc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Casearia sylvestris Swartz, conhecida como guaçatonga, está distribuída em todo Brasil e é muito utilizada na medicina popular, com registro etnofarmacológico desde 1877. Muitos desses usos, como o antiofídico, antiulcerogênico e antiinflamatório já foram comprovados em estudos farmacológicos, os quais mostraram também a baixa toxicidade aguda por via oral de seus derivados vegetais. Estudos in vivo revelaram que os diterpenos clerodânicos são os responsáveis pelas atividades antiulcerogênica e anti-inflamatória de C. sylvestris, o que valoriza ainda mais o uso medicinal desta planta. Entretanto, a constatação de que os diterpenos clerodânicos podem sofrer degradação em meio ácido levantaram dúvidas sobre quais substâncias realmente chegam aos receptores e têm atividade: diterpenos ou seus produtos de degradação? Para elucidar essa questão, os diterpenos clerodânicos isolados casearina J (cas J) e O (cas O) foram submetidos isoladamente à degradação ácida em fluido gástrico simulado sem enzimas (PDA) e, posteriormente, metabolizados com enzimas hepáticas da fração S9 (PDA-ME). A metabolização direta dos diterpenos com a fração S9 também foi realizada (PME). As respectivas casearinas remanescentes foram quantificadas em todos os produtos de metabolização. Posteriormente, foram conduzidos ensaios de síntese e/ou liberação de óxido nítrico em macrófagos RAW 267.7 estimulados por LPS in vitro. Para a determinação estrutural dos derivados formados foram utilizadas técnicas cromatográficas (CLAEDAD) e espectrométricas (CLUE-EM, RMN de 1H e 13C). Foram identificadas dez substâncias formadas após degradação ácida da cas J (PDA-J), além da casearina remanescente (5,05%) e seu epímero (PDA-J8). As estruturas propostas desses produtos resultaram da hidrólise do grupamento éster em C-18 (PDA-J1), hidrólise do grupamento éster em C-19 (PDA-J3), formação de dialdeído após quebra do anel diacetálico C (PDA-J2, majoritário), e adições nos grupos aldeídos do PDA-J2 de uma molécula de água (PDJ-7), uma (PDA-J4 e PDA-J4.1) ou duas de etanol (PDJ-5) e hidrólise do éster em C-18 do PDA-J2 (PDJ-6). Foram identificadas nove substâncias formadas após degradação ácida da cas O, além da casearina remanescente (13,1%). Suas estruturas resultaram da hidrólise dos grupos ésteres em C-18 (PDA-O1) e C-19 (PDA-O3), formação do dialdeído após quebra do anel C (PDA-O2, majoritário), adições nos grupos aldeídos do PDA-O2 de uma (PDA-O4 e PDA-O 4.1) ou duas moléculas de etanol (PDA-O5) e hidrólise do éster em C-7 do PDA-O2 (PDA-O5), além da hidrólise do grupamento esterificado em C-6 do PDA-O5 (PDA-O6 ou PDA-O6.1). A metabolização da cas J pela fração S9 gerou duas substâncias correspondentes à quebra do butanoato em C-18 (PME-J1) e formação do seu epímero (PME-J2), permanecendo 36,8% íntegra. Em relação à metabolização da cas O, 36,5% permaneceu íntegra, e ocorreu a formação de uma molécula após quebra dos substituintes esterificados em C-18 e C-19 (PME-O1) e de outra após a formação do dialdeído no anel C (PME-O2). As análises indicaram que as metabolizações enzimáticas dos PDA resultaram nas mesmas substâncias. Os ensaios em macrófagos estimulados por LPS in vitro mostraram que os produtos de degradação ácida e/ou metabolização enzimática das casearinas não têm atividade antiinflamatória in vitro na inibição da liberação e/ou produção de NO, igualmente às casearinas J e O íntegras. / Casearia sylvestris Swartz known as guaçatonga is distributed throughout Brazil and has been widely used in folk medicine since 1877. Many of these uses, such as anti-fungal, antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory, have already been proven in pharmacological studies, also demonstrating low acute oral toxicity. In vivo studies have shown that clerodane diterpenes are responsible for the antiulcerogenic and antiinflammatory activities of C. sylvestris, which further enhances the medicinal use of this plant or its derivatives. However, the finding that clerodane diterpenes may suffer degradation in acid medium have raised doubts about the actual substances reached the receptors and carry out activity: diterpenes or their degradation products? In order to elucidate this issue, purified clerodane diterpenes casearin J (cas J) and O (cas O) were subjected to acid degradation in simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (PDA) alone and subsequently metabolized with S9 fraction (PDAME) liver enzymes. A direct metabolization of diterpenes with a S9 fraction (PME) was also performed. Respective remaining casearins were quantified in all the metabolizing products. In the end, macrophage stimulated by LPS in vitro assays of nitric oxide synthesis were conducted using as sample the purified cas J and O, PDA, PME and PDAME. Chromatographic (HPLC-PDA) and spectrometric techniques (UPLC-PDA-MS, 1H and and 13C NMR) were used for the structural determination of the generated derivatives. Ten substances were identified after the acid degradation of cas J (PDA-J), in addition to the remaining casearin (5.05%) and its epimer. Proposed structures of these compounds result of ester group hydrolysis in C-18 (PDA-J1), and in C-19 (PDA-J7), dialdehyde formation after diacetal C ring breaking (PDA-J2, majority), and additions in the aldehyde groups of the PDA-J2 of a water molecule (PDJ-3), one (PDA-J4 and PDA-J4.1) or two ethanol molecules (PDJ-5) and ester hydrolysis in C-7 of PDA-J2 (PDJ-6). Besides the remaining cas O (13.1%), nine compounds were identified after acid degradation. Their structures result of hydrolysis of the esterified groups in C-18 and C-19 (PDA-O1), dialdehyde formation after C-ring rupture (PDA-O2, majority), additions in the PDA-O2 aldehyde groups of one (PDA-O3 and PDA -O3.1) or two ethanol molecules (PDA-O4) and ester hydrolysis at C-6 (PDA-O5). Metabolization of casearin J by the S9 fraction generated two substances corresponding to the breakdown of n-butanoate in C-18 (PME-J1) and formation of cas J epimer (PME-J2), remaining 36.8% intact. In relation to the metabolization of casearin O, 36.5% remained intact and one molecule was formed after breaking the esterified substituents in C-6 and C-7 (PME-O1) and the other after the formation of dialdehyde at C ring (PME-O2). The analyzes indicated that the enzymatic metabolism of the PDA resulted in the same substances. In vitro LPS stimulated macrophage assays have shown that PDA and PME do not have in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of NO inhibition, as well as intact J and O casearins. / CNPq: 130329/2015-0