Bakgrund: Patienter som vårdas inom intensivvården befinner sig ofta i en situation som präglas av snabba fysiologiska förändringar där patientens vitala funktioner kontinuerligt måste övervakas och registreras. I intensivvårdens komplexa miljö utgör dokumentationen en viktig del för att upprätthålla en hög patientsäkerhet. Syfte: Att undersöka intensivvårdssjuksköterskors uppfattning om dokumentation. Metod: En empirisk deskriptiv studie har genomförts. Fokusgruppintervjuer användes för att inhämta data. Materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor anser att dokumentationen fyller en viktig funktion för patientsäkerhet, som informationskälla samt för den egna professionen. Förutsättningar för dokumentationen kunde härledas till tid och organisation, datasystemens för- och nackdelar samt den kulturella påverkan som fanns på arbetsplatsen. Slutsats: Dokumentationen i omvårdnadsjournalen upplevs ofta som bristfällig. Studiens resultat att visat på ett flertal orsaker till detta; avsaknaden av funktionella datasystem, oklara riktlinjer samt ett lågt engagemang hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Klinisk betydelse: Resultatet kan öka intensivvårdssjuksköterskor förståelse för dokumentationens betydelse. De förbättringsförslag som framkommer i studien kan användas för att utveckla dokumentationen inom intensivvården. / Background: Patients cared for in an intensive care unit often find themselves in a situation of rapid physiological changes where the patient´s vital signs must be continuously monitored and registered. In the complex environment of the intensive care units documentation is an important part of maintaining a high level of patient safety. Objective: To examine the intensive care nurse's views of documentation. Method: A descriptive empirical study has been conducted. Focus group interviews were used to collect data and the material was analysed by a qualitative content analysis. Results: Intensive care nurses consider documentation to play an important role for patient safety, as a source of information and for their own profession. They believe that the documentation is affected by time and organization, computer systems and the culture of the workplace. Conclusion: Documentation in the nursing records is often viewed as inadequate. Result of the study revealed a number of reasons for this; lack of functional computer systems, unclear guidelines and a low engagement of the intensive care nurses. Clinical significance: The result could increase intensive care nurses understanding of the importance of documentation. The suggestions for improvement that emerge from this study can be used to develop documentation within intensive care.

This information studies dissertation deals with the problem that results from research outside academia risk to receive little or no attention if communicated through reports, instead of in mainstream academic genres like research journal articles. The case in focus is Swedish development-led (DL) archaeology, i.e. state regulated archaeology preceding land development. Swedish DL archaeology is organized as a semi-regulated market. The organizations competing on the market are professional service organizations selling research services to land developers. Regional government departments, county administrative boards, function as intermediaries setting up procurement-like processes. In previous research on archaeological documentation, the problem with non-use of reports has been described as depending on cultural issues of access, possible to solve if individuals make efforts to communicate and use extra-academic results. This dissertation offers an alternative definition of the problem, highlighting a different set of solutions. The aim is to further the understanding of how the distribution of research duties to professional service organizations affects the scholarly documentation in Swedish archaeology. The aim is met through identification, operationalization and analysis of resources available to report writing DL archaeology practitioners, and an analysis of how practitioners draw on these resources. The results further the understanding of how reports are shaped within the DL archaeology institution. In view of these results, efforts to solve issues of access should target the organization of research in the archaeology discipline, and specifically how scholarly documentation is governed on the archaeology market. The dissertation draws on science and technology studies, practice theory, and document theory for the design of the study of documentation resources and contexts in extra-academic research. A mixed methods approach is applied to capture regulative, institutional, and infrastructural resources, and practitioners’ use thereof. Dissertation papers I-III contain analyses of concrete instantiations of the resources: information policy, documentation ideals, and information source use. The fourth paper presents an analysis of how practitioners draw on these resources in their everyday report writing. The dissertation concerns archaeology specifically, but serves as grounds to inquire into the premises for scholarly documentation in other areas of extra-academic research and knowledge-making as well. / Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (ARKDIS)

The purpose of this study is to document the indigenous Romance language of the Sark island located in the English Channel, known as Sark Norman. As implied by the thesis title, the original aim of the field research was to codify the orthographic form of the Sark Norman language, using previous scientific observations and the assistance of the final remaining native speakers in order to commence a gradual revitalisation of Sark Norman. In the course of the research, however, we were confronted with facts that resulted in renouncing our original aim. It emerged that the existing scientific knowledge of the Sark Norman phonology system was unsatisfactory. By contrast, some authentic historical documents, until then unknown within the scientific field, were explored and validated. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study became to introduce principal findings of the field research carried out on the Sark island in 2016 with the aim of deepening the scientific knowledge of a very unique Romance language, including disproving the biggest myths related to Sark Norman within the scientific environment.

In this diploma thesis, I conduct a research into approaches to consolidating data base and source code base of the Techno.cz webserver, which is the subject of the consolidation. By consolidation I mean bringing the server into the state where documentation is produced according to given requirements, data base is changed in order to improve data structure and consistency and source code base is reorganised in order to unify source code upon one platform, improve file system organization and remove problematic characteristics of the source code in general. The goals of this thesis are to create and describe general process of consolidation, sequence and contents of its steps; to describe contents of consolidation in given areas: documentation, data base and source code base; to describe actual steps made to achieve the final state of the server. My approach to accomplishing these goals is the study of relevant literature and usage of my practical experience in the field of web development. My contribution to the topic is the creation of the general consolidation process that has a potential to be reused by similar projects. Another contribution may be the description of handling the risks and problems that emerged during the consolidation process. This topic may find itself as a valuable source of knowledge for fellow developers facing similar issues. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. After the introduction chapter 2 follows. Chapter 2 describes parameters of the Techno.cz webserver. Chapter 3 discusses software engineering methodologies in order to create suitable consolidation process. Chapter 4, 5, 6 discuss particular fields of consolidation: documentation, data base and source code. In chapter 7 I am trying to assess suitability of created processes and approaches for usage in future development. In the conclusion I summarize the thesis according to required structure.

The aim of the thesis is to explain main aspects of the development and elaboration of a real project of mountain apartments on the level of a feasibility study. The thesis is divided up into two parts. Theoretical part describes individual stages of the development, involved entities and the procedure of obtaining building permit, which is all necessary for the implementation of the project. The emphasis is laid on funding, namely financial resources and tax optimalization. The second part deals with the develoment project itsef, which is the construction of weekend apartments in the mountains. The project aims at finding the right use of a specific piece of land, the concept of construction and its funding. Further on the thesis contains sensibility analysis, market and competion analysis and SWOT analysis and identification of main risks including their solution and possible preventive measures. The final part of the thesis focuses on evaluation of this project and its comparison with several competitive projects.

My thesis deals with auditor's documents. At first, there is written about specific work of auditor and also legislation, which concerns with work of auditor. Subsequently, thesis presents main reasons and importance for leading auditor 's file. In auditor 's file, there is gathered all probative foundations, which proves process of audit in compliance with valid legislation. Practical part of thesis shows interception of audit at real client in auditor 's file. The aim is to submit total process during documentation of audit and shows organization of file, which is followed in auditor 's company.

This master´s thesis discusses the introduction of a paperless office in manufacturing companies. The main goal of our work is to create a general framework for implementing paperless offices in such enterprises. The theoretical part presents the needs of today´s information society, focusing on the requirements of manufacturing companies. Next, the thesis describes the closely related topics such as company documentation and document archivation. The key chapter of the theoretical part deals with the subject of paperless office itself by discussing the current knowledge about different approaches, digitization, benefits, risks and suitable tools of information systems. The outcome of our work - and its main contribution - is the newly proposed general framework, which may serve as a guide for implementing paperless office solutions in the manufacturing companies. The practical part of the thesis demonstrates an application of the suggested framework to propose a solution for the company called Mi-King s.r.o.

Bakgrund: En förutsättning för att ambulanssjuksköterskan ska kunna hänvisa patienter till primärvård på ett patientsäkert sätt är följsamhet mot lokala riktlinjer, triageringssystem, och en tydlig och strukturerad journalanteckning där det framgår vilka vårdhandlingar som utförts. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att göra en systematisk journalgranskning för att få en bild av hur ambulanssjuksköterskor dokumenterar hänvisningar av patienter till primärvård med fokus på patientsäkerhet. Hur följer ambulanssjuksköterskan triageringssystem och regionens lokala riktlinjer vid hänvisning till primärvård? Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ retrospektiv systematisk journalgranskning med en explorativ ansats. Resultat: Resultatet visar på hög följsamhet mot triageringssystem och lokala riktlinjer överlag. Samtidigt som vikten av identitetskontroll behöver diskuteras och förstås. Av den anledningen finns ett fortsatt behov av kontinuerlig utbildning för att följsamheten ska fortsätta vara hög. Slutsats: Resultatet är positivt och visar på att ambulanssjuksköterskor i regionen är följsamma mot lokala riktlinjer och triageringsverktyg. / Background: A prerequisite for the ambulance nurse with specialist competence to be able to refer patients to primary health care in manner that is patient safe is the compliance with local guidelines and triage systems. In order for the transfer to be as patient safe as possible. Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic journal review to understand how ambulance nurses with specialist competence document referrals of patients to primary care with focus on patient safety. How is the decision on referral of patients to primary health care documented? How compliant is the ambulance nurse with specialist competence with regard to triage systems and local guidelines when referring to primary health care? Method: The study is a quantitative retrospective systematic journal review with an explorative approach. Result: The result shows high compliance with triages system and local guidelines in general. There is a need for a discussion and understanding why identification control is important. There are also a need for continuous education so that the compliance will stay high. Conclusion: The result are positive and shows that ambulance nurses with specialist competence in the region are compliant with the guidelines and triage system.

Bakgrund: Omvårdnadsdokumentation är en viktig del av sjuksköterskans arbete. På grund av utvecklingen inom vården, lagar och patienternas olika problem, behövs alltmer dokumenteras, vilket leder till att omvårdnadsdokumentationen förändras ständigt. För att förbättra dokumentationen och dess kvalité är det viktigt att sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av omvårdnadsdokumentation undersöks. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av faktorer på arbetsplatsen som påverkar omvårdnadsdokumentation i slutenvård. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på empiriska studier. Databearbetning utfördes enligt en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Databearbetning av tio artiklar resulterade i tre kategorier: Teknik, Kommunikation, och Organisation. Erfarenheterna var delade mellan sjuksköterskor som ansåg att tekniken bakom de elektroniska dokumentationssystemen var positiv och andra som erfor den som negativ. Dessutom var sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av omvårdnadsdokumentation inom slutenvården som ett kommunikationsverktyg delad mellan de som ansåg att den var lämplig och andra som upplevde den dålig. Även ledningen och deras kontroll över sjuksköterskorna var faktorer på arbetsplatsen som påverkade omvårdnadsdokumentationen. Konklusion: Vårdkedjan bör hållas samman genom en tydlig kommunikation och en stöttande organisation. Vidare forskning bör utreda hur elektronisk omvårdnadsdokumentation kan förenklas och hur patienten upplever delaktigheten i omvårdnadsdokumentationen. / Background: Nursing documentation is an important part of the nurse's work. Because of developments in healthcare, laws and the patients’ varying problems, documentation is increasingly needed, leading to nursing documentation constantly changing. For improving nursing documentation and its’ quality, it is important to explore the nurses' experiences of factors that affect nursing documentation in an inpatient setting. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to explore nurses' experiences regarding factors at the workplace affecting nursing documentation in inpatient setting. Methods: The literature study was based on empirical studies. Data analysis was performed according to a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: The analysis of ten articles resulted in three categories: Technique, Communication, and Organization. The experiences differed between nurses who considered thetechnology behind the electronic documentation systems as positive and others who experienced it as negative. In addition, the nurses' experiences of nursing documentation in an inpatient setting as a communication tool differed between those who considered it appropriate and others who experienced it poorly. Moreover, nurses’ experiences of nursing documentation were affected by the management and their control over the nurses. Conclusion: The chain of care should be hold together through a clear communication and a supportive organization. Further research should investigate how electronic nursing documentation can be made simpler and how the patients experience participation in nursing documentation.

Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om hur lärare dokumenterar elevers kunskaper i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare arbetar med dokumentation, hur detta arbete upplevs utifrån olika förutsättningar samt om det finns skillnader i lärares erfarenheter av dokumentationsarbetet och vad dessa skillnader i så fall består i. I dagens skola ställs allt högre krav på dokumentation av elevernas kunskaper som underlag för en rättssäker bedömning och betygsättning.  Många lärare upplever att det är ett problem i ämnet idrott och hälsa där det inte finns någon direkt tradition av skriftliga underlag för bedömning. De ökade kraven på dokumentation och att bedriva en traditionellt utformad undervisning i ämnet uppfattas av många lärare som en omöjlig ekvation. Studiens perspektiv är läroplansteoretiskt. Begrepp som transformering och realisering av undervisningsinnehåll, ramfaktorer för undervisningen samt former av pedagogik, har använts för att analysera problematiken kring dokumentation i idrott och hälsa. Studiens resultat visar att en stor andel av lärarna upplever dokumentation av elevers kunskaper som svårt. Det som framstår som lätt att dokumentera blir också lärarnas underlag för bedömning snarare än det som styrdokumenten stipulerar. En grupp lärare upplever dock inte alls samma problem med dokumentation, trots att de står inför samma utmaningar i form av undervisningstid, schema och elevgrupper som andra lärare. Vad som utmärker dessa lärare, de systematiska planerarna, är att deras undervisningspraktik, innefattande planering, undervisning och bedömning, i stora delar skiljer sig från övriga lärares vilket skapar andra möjligheter för dokumentation. / In several Swedish research studies about the school subject physical education and health (PEH), assessment emerges as a difficult task for teachers. Assessment and grading is largely based on observation and teachers’ gut feeling, even though a reliable assessment process requires some form of documentation. The aim of this study is to examine how teachers in the Swedish primary and secondary schools document the students' knowledge and how this work is perceived in relation to influencing factors. The theoretical framework consists of curriculum theory with a focus on frame factors and the transformation and realization of the subject content. In the first part of the data collection 144 PE teachers completed a survey about their perceptions of the documentation process. The second part was conducted as semi-structured interviews with ten PE teachers focusing on the teachers’ work with the documentation of students’ knowledge in PEH. The results show that a large majority of the teachers experience the documentation of students' knowledge as difficult. The main obstacles are frame factors such as time, schedule and class numbers. The teachers, however, have a broad repertoire of documentation methods that they use. The analysis indicates that the teachers' documentation of the students’ performances is guided by what is possible to document rather than what learning objectives the curriculum stipulate. However, exceptions emerged among some of the interviewed teachers whose teaching clearly differed from the other teachers. These “systematic planners” had already decided in the planning stages of teaching what content should be assessed, how it should be made, and what kind of information that should be collected and documented. For "the systematic planners" the frame factors did not constitute a major obstacle. The national PE curriculum has undergone significant changes over the last 20 years and the teachers have problems transforming the curriculum into daily practice. The teaching is characterized by a wide variety of content but with few lessons per activity. The collision between the realization of the subject content, and the increased demands for a legally secure assessment practice, is perceived by many teachers as an impossible equation. Having enough time to observe, assess and document all the students' knowledge of a specific subject content, delivered over two to three lessons, is problematic. However in the perspective of "the systematic planners", with perhaps six to eight lessons in the same subject matter, this does not seem to be a problem. / Forskarskolan idrott och hälsas didaktik / Forskningslinjen Utbildning