<p>NR 20140805</p>

Il est peu de notions aussi vastes que celle du non-savoir, mais le flou du caractère nécessairement négatif de sa définition s’accompagne tout de même du sentiment que la source de ce qui ne peut qu’être déterminé négativement par la pensée (non, cela n’est pas le savoir) ne peut qu’être positive. Notion à l’applicabilité infinie, parce qu’en elle vient s’abîmer tout ce qui ne peut tenir dans l’espace de la maîtrise relative à ce dont on peut dire : je sais de quoi il s’agit. Est non-savoir tout ce qui se rapporte au bouillonnement pulsionnel de la vie et à l’échéance fatale de la mort. Ce qui pousse l’homme au meurtre, au génocide, à la guerre et à la violence révolutionnaire se confond avec un contenu affectif et identitaire qui ne peut être ramené au savoir sans laisser de reste. Mais tenter de comprendre ce qui échappe à l’entendement est cela même qui relance sans cesse la réflexion comprise comme cœur du savoir. Le savoir se montre ainsi sous une extrême dépendance face à son Autre. À la lumière de cette hypothèse devant beaucoup aux découvertes de la psychanalyse, le présent mémoire s’est donné pour objectif de jeter un regard frais sur quelques grandes tensions sociopolitiques de l’Histoire; mais il a d’abord fallu évaluer philosophiquement la possibilité d’un concept de non-savoir. Des champs identitaires majeurs — révolutions totalitaires ou démocratiques, bouleversements ou synergies culturelles — sont ainsi analysés sous l’angle d’une économie pulsionnelle qui s’inscrit dans une interaction perpétuelle avec ce qui s’ébauche ici comme une économie du rapport entre non-savoir et savoir. Est ainsi produite une esquisse des rapports possibles entre la vie pulsionnelle de l’homme, le savoir institutionnel et le monde sociopolitique. / Few notions are as vast as that unknowing; but the imprecise nature of its definition is nonetheless accompagnied by the implication that what offers itself only negatively to the mind has a positive source. The applicability of the notion of unknowing is infinite; it swallows up all that resists the mastery indicated by statements about that which is. Unknowing encompasses all that belongs to the boiling drive of life and to the faceless moment of death. What leads human beings to murder, to genocide, to war and to revolutionnary violence is bound up with an affective content of identification that cannot be subsumed by knowledge without leaving a residue. Yet attempting to understand what exceeds the mind’s grasp serves as the motor of mental reflection at the heart of knowledge production itself. In this sense, knowledge is inescapably dependent on its « other ». In light of this hypothesis drawn from the domain of psychoanalysis, this thesis aims to reexamine the conceptual underpinnings of basic sociopolitical tensions in History. The conceptual impetus driving major identity movements — such as totalitarian or democratic revolutions and cultural disruptions or synergies — is analysed in terms of a libidinal or drive-oriented economy which is in perpetual interaction with what this thesis characterizes as an economy of the relation between knowing and unknowing, between knowledge and its negation.

Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse du processus d’adoption par le client d’une innovation commerciale. Plus particulièrement, elle étudie le rôle de la Socialisation Organisationnelle du Client sur le lien entre la Satisfaction Relationnelle et la Fidélité client à une nouvelle forme de vente. Dans cette optique, nous avons réalisé une étude exploratoire dans le but d’identifier les variables favorisant le succès d’une innovation commerciale ainsi que le processus d’adoption et d’apprentissage d’une innovation commerciale. La particularité de notre démarche réside dans le fait d’avoir interrogé différents segments de clients (et de non clients) mais aussi d’avoir observé les collaborateurs d’un DRIVE (Click&Carry). La première partie aboutit ainsi à une modélisation de l’adoption d’une innovation commerciale que nous testons dans la deuxième partie auprès de clients et d’employés. De plus, nous mettons en relation l’extraction des données de consommation des clients interrogés avec les données déclaratives issues des clients et des employés de contact.Les résultats de la recherche corroborent le rôle modérateur de la Socialisation Organisationnelle du Client (SOC) et de la Perception de la Socialisation Organisationnelle de l’Employé (PSOE), leur rôle variant en fonction du type d’innovation commerciale observée. Il en va de même au sujet du lien entre la Socialisation Organisationnelle de l’Employé (SOE) et, la Socialisation Organisationnelle du Client (SOC) d’une part, et, d’autre part, la Perception de la Socialisation Organisationnelle de l’Employé (PSOE), bien qu’il ne s’agisse que d’une démarche exploratoire / This thesis focuses on the analysis of a retailing innovation adoption process by customers. More in particular it examines the effect of Customer Organizational Socialization on the relationship between Relational Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty to a new form of selling.Towards this end, we conducted an exploratory study to identify variables promoting the success of a retailing innovation as well as the adoption and learning processes of a new form of selling. The advantage of our approach lies not only on having surveyed various customers and non-customers groups but also on having observed employees of a "Click and Collect". The first part led to a model of the adoption of a retailing innovation. In the second part, we tested this model on the basis of a customer and employee database. In addition, we related the extraction of our surveyed customers consumption data with declarative data from customers and contact employees.The research findings support the moderating effect of Customer Organizational Socialization (COS) and the Perception of Employee Organizational Socialization (PEOS), their role varying depending on the type of the retailing innovation. The same results are obtained about the relationship between Employee Organizational Socialization (EOS) and Customer Organizational Socialization (COS) on one part, and the Perception of Employee Organizational Socialization (PEOS) on the other part, although it is only an exploratory approach

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de la dynamique et de la stabilité de structures présentant deux fronts d’ablation dans le cadre de la fusion par confinement inertiel (FCI) en attaque directe. Dans un premier temps, des simulations 1D réalisées avec le code d’hydrodynamique CHIC ont permis d’obtenir ces structures. Pour cela, des plaques planes de matériaux de Z modéré, comme l’aluminium, la silice, le plastique dopé au brome, ainsi que le plastique sont éclairées par laser, à des intensités proches de celles requises pour la FCI. Les effets radiatifs, de par leur contribution dans le bilan d’énergie, modifient alors l’hydrodynamique de la cible : deux fronts d’ablation séparés par un plateau de densité quasi-constante sont observés. La dynamique de telles structures est alors caractérisée de manière qualitative. Une étude du préchauffage du combustible (DT) induit par le rayonnement de ces ablateurs de Z modéré est alors réalisée. Un nouveau modèle théorique, basé sur une hypothèse d’isobaricité au front d’ablation, prend en compte deux mécanismes de transport de l’énergie (transport d’électrons et de photons) et permet de reproduire ces structures en supposant un traitement analytique des opacités de la matière. De plus, ce modèle permet de comprendre les mécanismes physiques qui interviennent dans la formation des structures à double front d’ablation. Le code PERLE, dédié à l’étude de la stabilité hydrodynamique d’écoulements en phase linéaire, est alors modifié pour prendre en compte le transport de photons en utilisant les simplifications du modèle théorique. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur la stabilité hydrodynamique de ces structures à double front d’ablation. Les modèles existants pour les problèmes de stabilité au front d’ablation sont insuffisants : les limites de ces modèles sont montrées, mais des premières informations sur le front d’ablation principal sont néanmoins obtenues. Le code PERLE permet alors de calculer les perturbations linéaires au front d’ablation quand la structure à double front d’ablation entière est considérée. Des taux de croissance pour l’instabilité Rayleigh-Taylor ablative sont obtenus et présentent une nouvelle forme non connue, associée directement à la structure à double front d’ablation. Les calculs 2D réalisés avec le code CHIC et une physique plus réaliste confirment ces résultats. L’étude de la localisation spatiale des perturbations montrent la relation entre la structure à deux fronts d’ablation et la forme caractéristique des taux de croissance. Finalement, l’utilisation d’ablateurs de Z modéré peut être une alternative intéressante pour réduire l’instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor au front d’ablation en FCI par attaque directe. / This PhD thesis adresses the dynamics and the stability of double ablation fronts structures in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In the first part, these structures have been obtained using the hydrodynamic code CHIC calculations. By irradiating solid targets of moderate Z such as aluminium, silicium, brominated doped plastic, and plastic with ICF like laser intensities, radiative effects become non negligibles and modify the target hydrodynamics. Two ablation fronts separated by a quasi-constant density plateau are then observed. The dynamic of such structures is then qualitatively characterized. The fuel (DT) preheat due to self-emitted radition of such ablators is then studied. A new theoretical model, based on an isobaric approximation in the ablation region allows us to understand the complex physical mecanisms involved in the formation and the dynamics of these structures, using analytical expressions for the opacities. The PERLE code, dedicated to the calculation of linear perturbations of unsteady flows, is then modified to take into account the radiative energy transport, using the hypothesis of the new theoretical model. In the second part of this work, a study of the stability of double ablation fronts structures is carried out. The existing models for the ablation front stability problems are no longer sufficient in this case: their limitations are shown, but, nevertheless, firsts informations on the main ablation front are obtained. Then, the PERLE code is used when the whole double ablation fronts structure is considered. The growth rates for the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability are estimated, and show a new shape, unknown up to now. The 2D calculations made with the CHIC code using a more realistic physics confirm these results. The study of the spatial localization of perturbations in the structure shows the relation between the two ablation fronts and the characteristic shape of the growth rates obtained. Finally, the use of such moderate Z ablators is an interesting alternative to reduce the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the ablation front in direct-drive ICF.

The interest for marine research and exploration has increased rapidly during the past decades and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) have been found useful in an increased amount of applications. The demand for versatile platform AUVs, able to perform a wide range of tasks, has become apparent. A vital part of an AUV is its motion control system, and an emerging problem for multipurpose AUVs is that the control performance is affected when the vehicle is configured with different payloads for each mission. Instead of having to manually re-tune the control system between missions, a method for automatic tuning of the control system has been developed in this master’s thesis. A model-based approach was implemented, where the current vehicle dynamics are identified by performing a sequence of excitation maneuvers, generating informative data. The data is used to estimate model parameters in predetermined model structures, and model-based control design is then used to determine an appropriate tuning of the control system. The performance and potential of the suggested approach were evaluated in simulation examples which show that improved control can be obtained by using the developed auto-tuning method. The results are considered to be sufficiently promising to justify implementation and further testing on a real AUV. The automatic tuning process is performed prior to a mission and is meant to compensate for dynamic changes introduced between separate missions. However, the AUV dynamics might also change during a mission which requires an adaptive control system. By using the developed automatic tuning process as foundation, the first steps towards an indirect adaptive control approach have been suggested. Also, the AUV which was studied in the thesis composed another interesting control problem by being overactuated in yaw control, this because yawing could be achieved by using rudders but also by differential drive of the propellers. As an additional and separate part of the thesis, an approach for using both techniques simultaneously have been proposed.

La disponibilité de certains capteurs est indispensable pour le contrôle des machines électriques dans une application automobile. Cette thèse constitue une contribution à l'étude d'une commande tolérante aux défauts pour un entraînement électrique dans le cadre du projet SOFRACI. Pour pallier une défaillance de ces capteurs, des stratégies sont mises en place pour assurer une continuité de fonctionnement ou un arrêt sûr. Dans le cas de la machine synchrone, les capteurs les plus critiques sont: le capteur de position, les capteurs de courant et le capteur de bus de tension continue. C'est dans ce contexte que l'on a développé des algorithmes de commande tolérante aux défauts avec successivement des étapes de détection, d'isolation et de reconfiguration. Ensuite, la validation expérimentale a été effectuée sur un banc composé d’une machine synchrone et d’un onduleur avec 3 ponts H conçus pour la propulsion d’un véhicule électrique. Ainsi les méthodes développées et qui s’appuient principalement sur la théorie du contrôle, sont évaluées expérimentalement à travers des injections de défauts en temps réel, avec un accent mis sur le temps nécessaire à la détection. / During the last decade, Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) has become an increasingly interesting topic in automotive industry. The operation of electrical drives is highly dependent on feedback sensors availability. With the aim of reaching the required level of availability in transportation applications, the drive is equipped with a DC voltage sensor, three current sensors (due to safety requirements in electric vehicle standards) and a position sensor. This PhD is a contribution to the study of an electrical drive fault tolerant control. The objective is to have a system, which can adaptively reorganizes itself at a sensor failure occurrence. Consequently, strategies are defined from the early preliminary design steps, so as to facilitate fault detection, fault isolation and control reconfiguration. To this purpose, our work goes from theoretical studies toward experimental validations through the model simulation using control theory.In this thesis, FTC algorithms are developed for the rotor position, the phase currents and DC link voltage sensors. The experimentally validation is perform with an electrical drive composed of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine and a 3H bridge inverter. Thus, the developed methods are evaluated experimentally through real time fault injection, with an emphasis on the detection time.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar uma das obras mais importantes do escritor francês Antonin Artaud, Le Théâtre et son double, explorando o universo artaudiano, a partir de conceitos, como a peste e a crueldade. O estudo procura abordar a proposta de Teatro da Crueldade e as críticas feitas por Artaud em relação aos espetáculos apresentados na França na década de 1930. Por meio de uma crítica ao chamado teatro psicológico, Artaud exalta um teatro constituído por diversas linguagens, não restrito à mera reprodução do texto. Sem a pretensão de abordar a extensa obra escrita por Artaud, a dissertação tem como objetivo tratar de aspectos revelantes dos conceitos tratados por Artaud, como a crueldade e a peste, tentando identificar em sua proposta de teatro, o desenvolvimento de conceitos ligados à psicanálise, como a pulsão de morte. Procuramos, ainda, discutir o processo de criação de Artaud, problematizando a figura do Pai em sua escrita e a chamada outra cena do inconsciente que seria aberta pelo teatro da crueldade. / The purpose of this research is to analyse one of the most important works of Antonin Artaud, The Theater and its double (Le Théâtre et son double), exploring his universe from concepts like the pest and cruelty. The study seeks to analyse the proposal of the Theatre of Cruelty and the criticisms made by Artaud in relation to theatrical performances presented in France in the 1930s. By making a critique of the psychological theater, Artaud ideates a theater consisted of different languages, not restricted to the simple reproduction of the text. Without attempting to address the extensive work by Artaud, the dissertation aims to analyse some aspects of important concepts created by Artaud, as the cruelty and the pest, trying to identify in its proposal for the theater, as well as the development of concepts related to psychoanalysis, like the death drive. We also aim to discuss the creation process of Artaud, by analyzing the figure of the Father in his writing and the so called \"other unconscious scene\" that would be opened by the theater of cruelty.

Nos últimos 20 anos, o inversor de frequência PWM passou a ser largamente utilizado. Dentre as razões principais de sua ampla difusão, cita-se a introdução do IGBT que, devido à sua capacidade de comutação rápida, possibilitou a redução de perdas, tamanho e custo dos conversores, ao mesmo tempo em que permitiu o uso do motor de indução em aplicações que demandam alto desempenho dinâmico. Porém, esta mesma característica que trouxe tais benefícios, contribuiu para acentuar os efeitos relacionados a fenômenos eletromagnéticos, devido à rápida transição que produz sinais em alta frequência, responsáveis por tornar os sistemas de acionamentos potenciais fontes de interferência eletromagnética. Os principais fenômenos desta natureza são a tensão de onda refletida, associada a ruídos de modo diferencial, e a corrente de modo comum. De maneira geral, a corrente de modo comum tem maior potencial de contribuição para a emissão radiada que a de modo diferencial e, em sistemas de acionamento, constitui a principal fonte de interferência eletromagnética. Esta não é resultado apenas da rápida comutação dos IGBTs, mas, também, da configuração do sistema, que propicia o surgimento das tensões de modo comum. Este trabalho visa estudar alternativas que minimizem, naturalmente, estas tensões através de sua configuração, reduzindo-se a necessidade de novos componentes, como filtros passivos ou circuitos ativos. Ressalta-se, assim, que o primeiro passo consistiu-se na compreensão do problema de geração da tensão de modo comum. Visando atingir os propósitos anteriormente mencionados, foi idealizado um inversor, composto de duas pontes chaveando em oposição, chamado de duplo-trifásico. A partir de simulações, avaliou-se seu potencial e definiu-se sua implementação, a partir de dois inversores idênticos. Testou-se o protótipo contra um terceiro módulo de mesmo tipo, em iguais condições. A comparação dos resultados indicou que a configuração proposta pode ser eficiente no controle do ruído de modo comum, obtendo-se valores de redução de 86%. Nota-se que o comportamento observado via o protótipo, permite um melhor entendimento dos fenômenos relativos à circulação da corrente de modo comum. Desta forma, à luz da pesquisa realizada, nota-se que, conceitualmente, a solução proposta se destaca das demais apresentadas na literatura pela sua exequibilidade e simplicidade. / Over the last 20 years, the PWM frequency inverter has become widely used. Among the main reasons for its widespread distribution is the introduction of the IGBT, due to its ability for fast switching allowing the reduction of losses, size and cost of the converters, and the use of the induction motor in applications that demand high dynamic performance. However, this same characteristic that brought such benefits, stressed the effects related to electromagnetic phenomena, due to the fast transition that produces high frequency signals, responsible for turning drive systems, potential sources of electromagnetic interference. The main phenomena of this nature are the reflected wave overvoltage, associated with differential mode noise, and the common mode current. In general, the common mode current has greater potential of contribution to the emission of radiated interference than the differential mode current and is the main source of electromagnetic interference in drive systems. The common mode current is not just the result of the fast transitions of IGBTs, but also of the system configuration, which produces common mode voltages. This work aims to study alternatives that minimize, naturally, those voltages through its configuration, reducing the need for additional components, such as passive filters or active circuits. It is pointed, that the first step consisted in the understanding of the problem of the common mode voltage generation. In order to address this objective, an inverter composed of two bridges, switching in opposition, called double-three-phase was designed. Its potential for noise mitigation, as well, its implementation, with two identical inverters was evaluated by simulations. The prototype was tested against a third module of the same type, under the same conditions. The comparison of the results indicated that the proposed configuration can be efficient in the common mode noise control, with 86% reduction. The behavior observed through the prototype allows a better understanding of the phenomena involving common mode current. Thus, in the light of the research, we note that, conceptually, the proposed solution stands out for its practicality and simplicity, from the others presented in the literature.

Diversos sistemas públicos de abastecimento de água de cidades brasileiras utilizam majoritária ou exclusivamente água subterrânea, captada em poços tubulares profundos sendo que a grande maioria desses poços necessita de equipamentos de bombeamento para efetuar a elevação da água até a superfície com custo operacional elevado relativo às despesas com energia elétrica. No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para análise de dados operacionais de poços e respectivos sistemas de bombeamento, incluindo a determinação do rendimento eletromecânico dos equipamentos utilizados. A aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta foi avaliada através de estudo de caso, realizado com 21 poços utilizados no abastecimento público da cidade de São Carlos - SP. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que com a utilização de equipamentos de bombeamento de alto rendimento, será possível reduzir 15% do consumo de energia elétrica, proporcionando uma redução de despesa que poderá cobrir, em 5 anos, mais de 50% dos valores dos investimentos necessários em novos equipamentos. Tendo como diretrizes gerais a otimização do rendimento de poços profundos e a sustentabilidade do uso da água subterrânea a aplicação da metodologia proposta, em sistemas de abastecimento de água, deverá contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços e poderá gerar uma significativa economia de recursos / Several public water supply systems of brazilian cities use mainly or exclusively groundwater from water wells, which majority needs pumping equipments to raise the water to the ground surface, and high operating costs due to electricity consumption. In the present work, a methodology to evaluate water wells and pumping equipments operational data was developed, including the calculation of the electromechanical efficiency. The applicability of the proposed methodology is evaluated in a case study of 21 water wells, which are used for public water supply of the city of São Carlos – SP. The results have indicated that the use of high level efficiency equipment should reduce 15% of the present electric power consumption and an economy that in a 5 years period could support more than 50% of the necessary investments in new pumping equipment. Taking the optimization of the energy efficiency of water wells and the sustainability of groundwater as general constrains, the application of the proposed methodology may contribute to the improvement of the quality of public water supply facilities and generate a considerable economy

[pt] A presente dissertação trata do projeto, construção e ensaio preliminar de um novo modelo do compressor Kopelrot. É uma máquina de deslocamento positivo baseada em seis patentes depositadas desde 1998. Esta tecnologia está em desenvolvimento há aproximadamente 8 anos, tendo gerado artigos e dissertações, assim como a construção de dois protótipos. É apresentada, inicialmente, uma revisão dos trabalhos publicados sobre a tecnologia Kopelrot. Foram construídos junto ao novo modelo de compressor Kopelrot um novo sistema de acionamento e uma base para a fixação de ambos a um motor elétrico. Durante a elaboração dos desenhos foram realizadas simulações preliminares da geometria para definir a fabricação de algumas peças importantes. A base permite regular a excentricidade entre os eixos de centro do compressor e do sistema de acionamento e, dessa forma, variar a vazão volumétrica do compressor. Simulou-se a variação de volume no interior da câmara com o conjunto compressor Kopelrot/Sistema de acionamento, ajustado para 5 excentricidades diferentes, a fim de mapear o comportamento do Kopelrot quando sua capacidade é variada, deslocando-se os eixos de centro do compressor e do sistema de acionamento. Para as excentricidades escolhidas, foram calculadas, a partir de modelo termodinâmico simplificado, as variações de pressão, temperatura e massa no interior da câmara do compressor. Valores globais de potência consumida e eficiência volumétrica também foram calculados. Durante o funcionamento do protótipo identificaram-se alguns problemas tipicamente encontrados em tecnologias inovadoras. Devido a esses problemas, não foi possível a realização dos testes do compressor operando em condições normais de pressão. / [en] The present dissertation addresses the design, construction, simulation and preliminary tests of an innovative positive displacement rotary compressor. A review is presented on the previous works, papers and dissertations, based on this new this new Kopelrot technology. A new prototype, employing a new driving system, was manufactured. The main feature of the machine is that, by adjusting the eccentricity between compressor cylinder and driving mechanisms axis, a variable capacity device is obtained. Design, manufacturing and assembly of components and subsystems of the compressor are presented in detail. Design data of the compressor allowed for a simple thermodynamic simulation model to be developed. Main conclusions of the simulation are that a full positive displacement compression cycle can be attained with the Kopelrot technology and that use of discharge and suction valves is required in order to have the compressor operating under different conditions.