Syftet med studien var att undersöka studentidrottares upplevelse av att kombinera studier påakademisk nivå med elitidrott på ett Riksidrottsuniversitet. Specifikt undersöktesstudentidrottare som inte hade någon koppling till en elitmiljö, det vill säga studentidrottaresom elitsatsade men vars idrottsförbund inte hade ett samverkansavtal med lärosätet. I studiendeltog 12 intervjupersoner, fördelat på sex kvinnor och sex män i åldrarna 19–30 (M=22.83,S=2.88). Studien använde en semistrukturerad intervjuguide baserad på den Holistiskakarriärutvecklingsmodellen (Wylleman, 2019) och Karriärövergångsmodellen (Stambulova,2003). Resultatet klassificerades in i fyra kategorier; studentidrottares upplevda krav,barriärer, resurser och copingstrategier. Resultatet påvisade att det största kravet somdeltagarna upplevde var att de måste försörja sig ekonomiskt i form av studielån eller attarbeta parallellt med kombinationen, detta kunde medföra en stor stress för deltagarna. Denfrämsta barriären deltagarna upplevde var bristande stöd från lärosätet samt att de upplevdeatt studierna och idrotten blev lidande då de inte kunde prestera lika framgångsrikt i båda,vilket kunde medföra en känsla av otillräcklighet. Vidare upplevde deltagarna att socialstöttning från tränare, familj och vänner var den främsta resursen för att underlätta ikombinationen. Planering var studentidrottarnas mest använda copingstrategi för att hanterakraven i en dubbel karriär. / The purpose of the study was to investigate student athlete's experiences of studying at aNational Sport University in Sweden. Specifically, student athletes who had no connection toan elite environment were investigated, that is, student athletes who are elite athletes butwhose sports associations did not have a collaboration agreement with the university. Thestudy included 12 interviewees, divided into six women and six men aged 19–30 (M = 22.83,S = 2.88). The study used a semi-structured interview guide based on The Holistic AthleticCareer Model (Wylleman, 2019) and The Athletic Career Transition Model (Stambulova,2003). The result was classified into four main categories; student athlete's perceiveddemands, barriers, resources and coping strategies. The result showed that the biggestdemand that the participants experienced was that they had to support themselves financiallyin terms of student loans or working in parallel with the combination, this could cause a greatdeal of stress for the participants. The main barrier the participants experienced was a lack ofsupport from the university and that they felt that the studies and the sport were suffering asthey could not perform equally successfully in both, which could cause a feeling ofinadequacy. Furthermore, the participants felt that social support from coaches, family andfriends was the primary resource for facilitating the combination. Planning was the studentathletes' most used coping strategy to handle the demands of a dual career.

Syftet med föreliggande forskningsprojekt var att undersöka upplevelser av karriärövergångar hos elitidrottande studenter, på högsta nationella nivå, som strävar efter att etablera sig även på internationellt högsta nivå inom sin idrott, samtidigt som de börjar studera vid universitet/högskola och så småningom tillägnar sig en examen. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att kartlägga och undersöka de elitidrottande studenternas upplevelser. De kategorier som identifierades genom tematisk innehållsanalys var upplevda förändringar i övergången, karriärstöd, resurser för att anpassa sig till den nya nivån i idrotten, upplevd tillfredsställelse med situationen, strategier för att anpassa sig till den nya nivån i idrotten, upplevda förändringar under en dubbel karriär (studier och idrott), upplevelsen av att kombinera studier, idrott och ett “vanligt” liv, och strategier för att hantera detsamma. De elitidrottande studenterna lyfte fram kontinuerligt karriärstöd, interpersonligt stöd och betonade behovet av att utveckla coping strategier som stresshantering och time- management. Åtgärder för att underlätta framgångsrika karriärövergångar för elitidrottande studenter diskuteras. / The main purpose of this research project was to examine perceptions of within-career transition, as experienced by student-athletes striving to reach the international level. Interviews were used to examine the perceptions of student-athletes practicing individual sports at the national elite level. Eight categories were identified through thematic content analysis: changes experienced in the transition, career assistance, resources for adjusting to the new level in sport, satisfaction with their current situation, strategies for adjusting to the new level in sport, changes during a dual career, combining studies and everyday life, and strategies for adjusting to a dual career. The student-athletes emphasised prolonged career assistance, interpersonal support, dedication, and commitment, and recognised the need for coping strategies such as stress and time management. Suggestions for promoting successful within-career transitions for student-athletes are discussed.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur idrottselever på idrottsgymnasium upplever den dubbla karriären med fokus på om DK-kompetenser, DK-fördelar, DK- hinder, DK-stöd samt välbefinnande predicerar idrottselevernas DK-hantering. Deltagarna i studien valdes genom ett tillgänglighetsurval och studien hade en kvantitativ tvärsnittssdesign där datasinsamlingen genomfördes genom att idrottseleverna fick möjligheten att svara på ett digitalt frågeformulär. I studien deltog 405 idrottslever, från olika idrottsgymnasium som var mellan åldrarna 15–19 år (M=16.79; SD=3.31). Resultatet från en multipel regressionsanalys visade att samtliga prediktorvariabler var statistiskt signifikanta och kunde predicera DK-hantering. Resultatet av den multipla regressionsanalysen visade även att prediktorvariablerna förklarade 49,5% av variansen i DK-hantering vilket indikerade på att DK-upplevelser har en predicerande effekt på hanteringen av en dubbel karriär. Resultatet från studien bidrog med förståelse för vilka faktorer inom idrottselevers DK-upplevelser som kan förklara hanteringen av den dubbla karriären. Det som kan konstateras var att om idrottseleverna besitter DK-kompetenser, om de upplever fördelar med att ha en dubbel karriär, om de upplever få hinder, om de har tillgång till stöd samt känner ett ökat välbefinnande kan detta bidra till en framgångsrik dubbel karriär. / The aim of the study was to examine how student-athletes at upper secondary sports school experience the dual career with a focus on whether DC-competencies, DC-benefits, DC-barriers, DC-support and well-being predict the DC-coping of the student-athletes. The participants in the study were selected through accessibility sampling and the study had a quantitative cross-sectional design where the data collection was carried out by giving the student-athletes the opportunity to answer a digital questionnaire. In the study 405 student-athletes from different upper secondary sports schools between the ages 15-19 (M=16.79; SD=3.31) participated. The result from a multiple regression analysis showed that all predictor variables were statistically significant and could predict DC-coping. The result of the multiple regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables explained 49.5% of the variance in DC-coping which indicated that DC-experiences have a predicting effect on the coping of the dual career. The result from the study contributed with understanding to see which factors within student-athletes DC-experiences that can explain the coping of the dual career. What can be ascertained was that if the student-athletes possess DC-competencies, if they experience benefits by having a dual career, if they experience few obstacles, if they have access to support and feel an increased well-being, this can contribute to a successful dual career.

This mixed methods study aimed to combine a quantitative analysis of the data of Swedish dual career (DC) athletes with two narrative interviews. The objectives were to quantitatively explore the Mental Health Literacy (MHL) of Swedish student-athletes, to compare the MHL of male and female, individual and team sports, and non-transnational and transnational athletes and to analyse student-athletes’ narratives about MHL in action. The data for the quantitative analysis, provided by the Dual Career 4 Mental Health project, was analysed via independent t-tests. For the narrative analysis two student-athletes were interviewed. The results showed significantly higher MHL for female athletes compared to male, and for individual-sport compared to team-sport athletes. No significant differences were found between transnational and non-transnational athletes. In the narrative results the participantstalked about their DC balancing, that lack of support from the environment can lead to the termination of a DC and how there still seem to be differences between the way physical and mental ill health are viewed and supported. At the current point we lack research studying the causes and influences of MHL. Practical applications, like specific education for coaches that could help prevent mental ill health as well as career terminations, still need to be created and applied. / Denna studie med blandade metoder hade som syfte att kombinera en kvantitativ analys av data från svenska idrottare med dubbla karriärer (DC) med två narrativa intervjuer. Målen med studien var att kvantitativt utforska svenska student-atleters mentala hälsolitteracitet (MHL), att jämföra MHL för manliga och kvinnliga idrottare, individuella och lagidrotter, nationella och transnationella idrottare, samt att analysera student-atleters berättelser om MHL. Data för den kvantitativa analysen, som tillhandahålls av DC4MH-projektet, analyserades via oberoende t-tester. För den narrativa analysen intervjuades två studentatleter. Resultaten visade signifikant högre MHL för kvinnliga idrottare jämfört med män, och för individuella idrottare jämfört med lagidrottare. Inga signifikanta skillnader hittades mellan transnationella och nationella idrottare. I de narrativa resultaten pratade deltagarna om sin DC-balans, att bristande stöd från omgivningen kan leda till att den DC avslutas, och hur det fortfarande verkar finnas skillnader mellan hur fysisk och psykisk ohälsa ses på samt stöttas. I dagsläget saknar vi forskning som studerar orsaker till och påverkan av MHL. Praktiska tillämpningar, som specifik utbildning för tränare som kan hjälpa till att förebygga psykisk ohälsa och avslutade karriärer måste fortfarande skapas och tillämpas.

The stress process was examined for a sample of 94 dual-career women. The relationship between sources (role strain), mediators (coping responses, psychological resources of self-esteem and low self-denigration, number and age of children), and outcome (feelings associated with role strains) was quantitatively assessed via factor analysis to determine the efficacy of mediators in the stress process. Seven coping strategies were identified: Cognitive Restructuring, Delegating Responsibility, Limiting Responsibility, Integrating Work and Family, Avoiding Responsibility, and Using Social Support. Results indicated that strain accounts for a large portion of the variation in stress. Cognitive Restructuring was the most crucial coping response in the stress process, having the greatest effect in reducing not only strain, but also stress; low self-denigration was the most critical psychological resource, buffering both strain and stress levels. Limiting Responsibility was associated with higher levels of strain. In addition, stress was found to increase as number of children increased and as age of youngest child decreased. / Master of Science

This thesis was to explore the relationships between occupational conditions and parental behaviors and values. The data set for this thesis were taken from the 1988 National Survey of Families and Households, which includes a national crosssectional sample of 13,017 primary respondents. The subsamples used here were limited to married or cohabiting white families with children under 18 years old. Pearson’s r and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine the zero-order relationships among all the independent and dependent variables. Multiple regression analyses were adopted to present the relative importance of independent variables in predicting different aspects of parental childrearing practices. Findings from bivariate and multivariate analyses show that different dimensions of work-related variables examined in this thesis, such as occupational socioeconomic status, work hours and schedules, job satisfaction and employment status, are associated with different aspects of parental behaviors and values. Gender is found to be a very important factor in predicting parental involvement, negative responses and values. In general, these work-related variables explain limited variance of parental child-rearing styles. Based on the findings of the study, implications for academic research on the relationships between parental behaviors and values and working conditions were also discussed in the thesis. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of marital equity and sex role identity to the career commitment of black dual-career wives and to determine who does what in the family. Five research questions guided the study: a) What is the relationship of selected demographic variables (education, income, age and number of children) of husbands and wives to the career commitment of the wife? b) Is there a significant difference between husbands and wives and their commitment to pursue a career? c) Is there a Significant difference between husbands and wives in sex role identity and marital equity? d) Is there a correlation between the career commitment of wives and the extent to which marital equity exists? e) What is the relationship of sex role identity of husbands and wives to the career commitment of the wife? A sample of 200 dual-career couples were systematically selected from a predominantly Black sorority. The instruments used to collect the data were: Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), career commitment and marital equity scales (Nicola, 1980), and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means, percentages, correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, t-tests, and multiple comparisons. Study results indicated that while the couples' education and income were not significantly associated with the wife’s career commitment, wives were more educated. Although the number of children did not matter, the age of the oldest child was Significantly related to the mother's career commitment. The mean career commitment scores for husbands (41.03) and wives (41.61) indicated that partners shared similar attitudes about time and emotional investment in careers and family pursuits. Mean marital equity scores for husbands and wives revealed that wives did significantly more than husbands in the areas of household tasks and child care. Similarly, wives did most of the initiation for family communication and problem solving. Data supported equal sharing in decision-making (eg. vacations, relocation, financial matters). While couples' sex role identity scores were significantly different, they had no significant effect on the wife's career commitment. / Ed. D.

My thesis focuses on the subject of 'education of athletically talented students' on a theoretical and empirical level. The theoretical part describes 'talent' on a general basis followed by a specific description of a 'sporting talent'. It considers the conditions of education of talented students without a particular focus and subsequently discusses the subject of school education of athletically talented students. It introduces the specific aspects of an athlete as a pupil, the factors that influence his/her educational path and the problem of 'dual career'. It also characterizes the conditions of education of athletes in Europe and the system of education in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is the resource for conducting the empirical part, where the results show how athletes themselves describe and evaluate the conditions of school education. The reaserch of investigated topic whilst using thorough interviews concludes the way athletes perceive this issue.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cleide.pdf: 2736452 bytes, checksum: 292109c3f7a751f885989206cb5a5cb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-11 / This dissertation aims to understand how young dual-career couples, without children, jointly build the financial commitment of companionship and investigate whether there is any influence of family-origin models in this process. The study is based on economic psychology premises and a systemic-constructivist approach. It is a qualitative study with a case study outline that used semistructured interviews and genograms as tools. Four couples were interviewed, whose marriages ranged between 1 and 4 years. They narrated their experiences in terms of meanings, uses, cultural and family values relative to money and how to manage it in dual working relationship. The knowledge that emerged from the data analyzed shows that the financial commitment construction process is an important task in the acquisition stage of family life cycle. This is influenced by the family models of each partner, as well as by the joint managing of household money and the possibility of being free to spend money on personal items. Gender issues also surfaced and pointed to changes regarding family roles, having evolved from a patriarchal model of marriage to one in which tasks are shared / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como jovens casais sem filhos, de dupla carreira, co-constróem o compromisso financeiro da parceria e investigar se há alguma influência dos modelos das famílias de origens nesse processo. As bases deste estudo estão nos pressupostos da psicologia econômica e da abordagem sistêmico-construtivista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento de estudo de caso e que tem como instrumentos a entrevista por pautas e o genograma. Foram entrevistados quatro casais cujos casamentos variaram de um a quatro anos de duração. Eles narraram suas experiências quanto aos significados, usos, valores culturais e familiares relacionados ao dinheiro e à maneira de manejá-lo na vida a dois. O conhecimento que emergiu dos dados analisados mostrou que o processo de construção do compromisso financeiro é uma tarefa importante da fase de aquisição do ciclo vital, influenciada tanto pelos modelos familiares de cada cônjuge como pela administração conjunta do dinheiro para o lar e pela possibilidade de autonomia de uso do dinheiro para gastos pessoais. As questões de gênero se fizeram presentes, e indicaram transformações quanto aos papéis conjugais, que passaram de um modelo patriarcal de casamento para um modelo conjugal com divisão de tarefas

The objective of this research was to explore perceived stress and role conflict that dual-career couples are facing in South Africa. The relationship between work and family is a common topic in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology. Research has been conducted in other countries, in particular the United States; however not much research has been undertaken in South Africa. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of stress and role-conflict on dual-career couples and the relationship on work-family balance in this context. This research aimed to look at gender differences on work-family conflict, in an attempt to understand perceived role conflict and the interplay of spillover on dual-career couples. A cross-sectional research design with a snowball sampling technique was used. The sample obtained for this research comprised of 105 participants who fulfilled the dual-career couple status. The Work Family Linkage Questionnaire (WFLQ) by Sumer and Knight (2001), with two additional questions on stress included by the researcher, were used as the measuring instrument. The results indicated that there were statistically and practically significant relationships between perceived stress and role-conflict in the different domains. Although no statistically significant results were obtained in the gender experience of role-conflict, when looking at the mean scores it was evident that men and women experienced role conflict differently. There were no significant differences between dual-career couples with and without children across all the sub-scales. However, the descriptive statistics suggested that dual-career couples without children experienced higher stress caused by work life than their counterparts with children. For future research it is recommended that more questions on stress be added, and also that variance in sample size of gender and couples with children and without children be increased as this was also a limitation of the current research. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.