Con la llegada de las redes sociales y las plataformas digitales, una de las herramientas más conocidas del marketing, el Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), ha permitido que se genere un intercambio de opiniones de manera digital acerca de algún producto y/o servicio. Junto con esto, surgieron los online consumer reviews (OCR), que son evaluaciones que realizan los consumidores al servicio o producto que desean adquirir, los cuales brindan la posibilidad de obtener mejor y mayor cantidad de información. El objetivo del paper es estudiar el grado de influencia que tienen los principales atributos de los OCR en la intención de compra en la categoría de restaurantes de 5 tenedores. La literatura previa indica que atributos como la utilidad y credibilidad son importantes dentro de este proceso, y para el cual, en el modelo propuesto, se encontró como mediador a la adopción de la información. / With the arrival of social networks and digital platforms, one of the best-known marketing tools, Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), has allowed an exchange of opinions to be generated digitally about a product and / or service. Along with this, online consumer reviews (OCR) emerged, which are evaluations made by consumers of the service or product they wish to purchase, which provide the possibility of obtaining better and greater amount of information. The objective of the paper is to study the degree of influence that the main attributes of OCR have on the purchase intention in the category of elite restaurants. The previous literature indicates that attributes such as usefulness and credibility are important within this process, and for which in the proposed model, the adoption of the information was found as a mediator. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo de investigación pretende demostrar la importancia del EWOM en el proceso de decisión de compra de booking hotelero. Los constantes avances tecnológicos han creado plataformas digitales, respecto a hospedajes, como las páginas de reseñas, que permiten a los usuarios compartir sus experiencias a través de comentarios, calificaciones, entre otros, generando así el EWOM, el cual es el boca a boca digital. Por ende, este fenómeno, en el sector turístico, podría influir durante el proceso de compra de un usuario en la elección de reservar un establecimiento hotelero. Posteriormente, se analizarán diferentes opiniones de usuarios junto a simulaciones de reserva de hospedajes que se realizaron a lo largo del trabajo de investigación para identificar los descubrimientos más relevantes en cuanto al proceso de decisión de compra online durante la reserva de un hospedaje, en estas páginas de reseñas de hoteles y por ende, dichas páginas puedan conocer qué elementos intervienen durante este proceso y trabajar en ello para enriquecer la compra del usuario. / This research work aims to demonstrate the importance of EWOM in the hotel booking purchase decision process. The constant technological advances have created digital platforms, regarding lodgings, such as the review pages, which allow users to share their experiences through comments, ratings, among others, thus generating the EWOM, which is digital word of mouth. Therefore, this phenomenon, in the tourism sector, could influence the choice of booking a hotel establishment during the purchase process of a user. Subsequently, different user opinions will be analyzed together with accommodation reservation simulations that were carried out throughout the research work to identify the most relevant discoveries regarding the online purchase decision process during the reservation of an accommodation, in these pages of hotel reviews and therefore, these pages can find out what elements are involved during this process and work on it to enrich the user's purchase. / Trabajo de investigación

Este paper tiene como objetivo analizar los factores más influyentes dentro del proceso de compra en Instagram para la categoría de boutiques de moda femenina. Se analizarán aspectos determinantes del social commerce a través del estudio de su tipo de estética visual y el contenido generado por la misma compañía, así como del eWOM dentro de Instagram para identificar cuáles influyen positivamente en la etapa de evaluación de compra del consumidor. Esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, cuyos resultados serán obtenidos a través de una encuesta online aplicada a 400 mujeres millennials a modo de muestra. El estudio contribuye a la recopilación de información sobre la categoría estudiada y una mejor comprensión de la etapa de evaluación de compra y el social commerce desde la perspectiva de las mujeres millennials, el cual es un público propenso a consumir dentro de plataformas interactivas como Instagram. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the most influential factors within the purchasing process on Instagram in women's fashion boutiques category. Aspects of social commerce and eWOM will be analyzed through the study of its own type of visual aesthetic and the content generated by companies in order to identificate which of them have a positive influence in the consumer purchase evaluation stage. This paper is quantitative, where the results will be obtained from an online survey applied to 250 millennial women. The research contributes to the compilation of useful information about the category and a better understanding of the purchase evaluation and social commerce from the perspective of millennial women. It is important to consider that this audience is propensity to consume within interactive online platforms such as Instagram. / Trabajo de investigación

La pandemia del Covid-19 ha acelerado la transformación digital, dando impulso a las empresas en la innovación de herramientas digitales para su adaptación a un nuevo escenario, con ello consideramos relevante estudiar las variables que determinan un impacto a las nuevas adaptaciones digitales en el sector belleza. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar Ewom y Relative advantage en relación al trust y Attitudes towards online shopping en la categoría de cosméticos de color en el e-commerce. La investigación será de tipo cuantitativo con un estudio de alcance transversal y carácter correlacional. Para ello, se trabajará con una muestra de 400 encuestas a un segmento de mujeres de 18 a 30 años de edad que residan en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana y utilicen la compra online de cométicos de color. Las respuestas realizadas estarán en una escala de likert del 1 a 7 puntos de medición y la determinación de instrumento será la de adaptación.Asimismo, se analizará a través de ecuaciones estructurales y se utilizará el programa SPSS para su medición. / The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation, giving impetus to companies in the innovation of tools for their adaptation to a new scenario, with this we consider it relevant to study the variables that determine an impact to new digital adaptations in the beauty sector. The objective of this research is to analyze Ewom and relative advantage in relation to trust and attitudes towards online purchases in that of color cosmetics in electronic commerce. The research will be quantitative with a cross-sectional study and correlational nature. To do this, a sample of 400 surveys will be carried out on a segment of women between 18 and 30 years of age who reside in the city of Metropolitan Lima and use the online purchase of colored cosmetics. The responses are made on a Likert scale of 1 to 7 measurement points and the instrument will be determined by adaptation. Likewise, it will be analyzed through structural equations and the SPSS program will be used for its measurement. / Trabajo de investigación

El siguiente estudio será realizado con la finalidad de poder dar a comprender la relación que existe entre la imagen de marca, eWom y confianza con respecto a la intención de compra dentro del sector de comercio electrónico. Este estudio se encuentra enfocado en la categoría de comercio electrónico de tiendas retail. El público objetivo al cual se dirige el trabajo está conformado por hombres y mujeres, pertenecientes a los NSE A y B de 20 a 35 años que residan en Lima Metropolitana. El primer objetivo de este estudio es conocer qué variables tienen relevancia al momento de realizar compras en el comercio electrónico de tiendas retail. Teniendo como finalidad principal entender el proceso de compra y los factores que la interceptan, provocando la intención de compra del consumidor. Además, se evidenciará las variables que pueden influenciar el proceso de compra como la imagen de marca, eWom y confianza. Para poder adquirir toda la información anteriormente mencionada, la herramienta que se utilizará es una encuesta virtual. Estas encuestas serán realizadas a una muestra de 400 personas vía correo electrónico y WhatsApp. Toda la información obtenida será analizada a través del software estadístico SPSS. / The following study will be carried out in order to be able to understand the relationship that exists between brand image, eWom y trust and its impact on the purchase intention in the sector of e-commerce. This study is focused on the category of e-commerce in retail stores. The target audience, which the investigation is directed to, is conformed by men and women, who belong to the socioeconomic level A and B from 20 to 35 years old and live in Metropolitan Lima. The first objective of this study is to know what variables are relevant when shopping in e-commerce from retail stores. In relation to this object of study, the purpose is to understand the shopping process and the factors that induce purchase intention on the consumer. In addition, the study will evidence the variables that could influence the shopping process like brand image, trust and eWom. To acquire all the information mentioned above, the tool that will be used is a survey. These surveys will be conducted on a sample of 400 people via email and WhatsApp. All the information obtained will be analyzed through the SPSS statistical software. / Trabajo de investigación

Title: The power of eWOM and online reviews on Generation Z - a quantitative study about to what degree do eWOM and online reviews influence Generation Z’s purchase intention regarding interior design in Sweden. Background: This thesis explains the influence of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and online reviews on the purchasing intention of Generation Z, the world's largest consumer group, within the interior design industry in Sweden. As a result of their constant exposure to marketing through various platforms and social media, eWOM and online reviews have become increasingly influential in consumer purchasing intention. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explain to what degree do eWOM and online reviews influence Generation Z’s (those born between 1995-2005) purchasing intention regarding interior design in Sweden. Method: The empirical findings were obtained using quantitative research with a deductive approach. Data collection was done through an online survey completed by participants born between 1995-2005 and did not exclude any other age groups. After analysing the findings through an independent sample t-test and Cronbach’s alpha test, they were compared and contrasted with the existing literature to determine their similarities and differences. Conclusion: Overall, this research contributes to our knowledge of consumer behaviour and provides guidance for companies and their marketers aiming to target Generation Z. Understanding the influence of eWOM and online reviews enables companies to adapt their marketing strategies to align with this generation's preferences and trust factors.

The full text will be available at the end of the embargo: 15th Dec 2026

Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt vanligare för konsumenter att använda sig av sociala medier, främst inom turismindustrin. Det är vanligt för konsumenter att idag stöta på nya destinationer och att viljan av att resa uppstår genom sociala medier. Denna studie handlar om att få en djupare förståelse av hur destinationsmarknadsföring tolkas av konsumenter. För att uppnå syfte har dessa två frågeställningar formulerats, Hur möts konsumenterna av destinationsmarknadsföring på sociala medier? och Vilket inflytande påstår konsumenterna att destinationsmarknadsföring inom sociala medier har på deras köpbeslut av destination?. Den empiriska materialinsamlingen har tagits fram genom att genomföra 20 kvalitativa intervjuer på konsumenter. Valet av att genomföra intervjuerna på konsumenter var för att få konsumenternas perspektiv av det valda forskningsområdet. För att analysera den empiriska materialinsamlingen har studien utgått ifrån fem teorier, Social media marketing, Konsumentens beslutsprocess, WOM och eWOM, Personliga egenskapers påverkan på konsumenternas köpbeteende och Push- och Pull faktorer. Studien har kommit fram till att konsumenter ofta möts av destinationsmarknadsföring i sin vardag på sociala medier. Samt att mötet även har ett stort inflytande på konsumenternas köpbeslut, då viljan av att resa uppkommer och beslutet av destination tas. / Over recent years it has become increasingly common for the general populous to use social media, especially for companies and consumers in the tourism industry. This affects the way potential consumers learn about new destinations and also influences their opinions on said places. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how destination marketing is interpreted by consumers. In order to achieve this, two questions needed to be answered: How do consumers come across destination marketing on social media? and In what way do consumers feel destination marketing impacts their purchasing decisions? Interviews were conducted with 20 consumers to obtain qualitative data in order to gain an insight on the consumers perspective. Empirical data was analyzed using five different theories: Social Media Marketing, The Buyer Decision Process, WOM and eWOM, Personal Characteristics Affecting Consumers Behavior and Push- and Pull Factors. This study shows that consumers encounter destination marketing on social media often and also that destination marketing has a significant influence on consumers purchasing decisions as it encourages travel and allows selection of destination.

Intérêt du sujet : Avec l’avènement du web2.0, l'influence interpersonnelle inclut désormais son extension dans le cyberespace avec le bouche-à-oreille électronique (eBAO). Internet modifie ainsi en profondeur les relations établies avec les consommateurs et conduit à une redéfinition de la relation marque -consommateur. Le web 2.0 apparaît ainsi comme un outil formidable au rééquilibrage des pouvoirs entre eux. Cependant, au-delà de ce constat, nous nous interrogeons quant à l’asymétrie entre les consommateurs et les marques dans ces conversations : le marketing est-il prêt à jouer le jeu ? Quelle perception le consommateur a-t-il de ce rééquilibrage ? Objectif de recherche : L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les perceptions du web 2.0 par les consommateurs et les comportements qui en résultent. Thèse défendue : Face à cette redéfinition des relations entre consommateurs et entreprises, nous suggérons que les entreprises souhaitant des consommateurs engagés doivent accepter de céder une partie du pouvoir. Contribution attendue : Cette thèse vise à contribuer aux études précédentes et à pallier leurs limites. Alors que la littérature académique étudie les motivations des consommateurs à poster des avis en ligne en général (Hennig-Thurau et al, 2004 ; Sher et Lee, 2009), il manque des études empiriques considérant l’impact de facteurs individuels des consommateurs sur leur participation et sur leur engagement vis-à-vis d’une marque en particulier sur le web 2.0. Nous chercherons ainsi à comprendre le rôle des capacités de pouvoir du consommateur sur cette participation et cet engagement en ligne. Méthode : Une combinaison des approches qualitatives et quantitatives a constitué notre méthodologie de recherche. Dans un premier temps, une étude qualitative et une étude quantitative ont été réalisées auprès des consommateurs dans un contexte touristique. Celle-ci s’est déroulée en collaboration avec les offices de tourisme du Grand Bornand et d’Aix les Bains. Dans un deuxième temps, une expérimentation a été réalisée auprès des jeunes consommateurs (de 18 à 30 ans) dans le secteur spécifique des Smartphones et des tablettes mobiles. Principaux résultats : L’étude exploratoire nous a permis de souligner dans un premier temps les multiples paradoxes générés par l’eBAO diffusé sur les plateformes d’opinions. L’eBAO apparaît comme utile pour les consommateurs et les entreprises, cependant, un fort scepticisme règne face à celles-ci. La première étude quantitative nous a permis de mettre en avant les facteurs de participation et d’engagement : l’aide à l’entreprise, la sincérité perçue des avis postés, le scepticisme des consommateurs concernant les pratiques en ligne et l’attachement à la marque. D’une manière générale, nous constatons la volonté des consommateurs d’influencer. La seconde étude quantitative, l’expérimentation, nous montre que les caractéristiques des plateformes d’opinions en ligne ont un impact sur l’intention d’engagement et le comportement engageant. Cette étude nous montre l’importance de la véracité des commentaires en ligne et le risque infime de voir une plateforme d’opinions se transformer en défouloir. / Topic of interest : With the advent of Web 2.0, the interpersonal influence now includes its extension in cyberspace with electronic word of mouth. Therefore, the Internet deeply modify relationships between consumer and the brand and led to a redefinition of the relationship brand -consumer. Web 2.0 appears as a great tool rebalancing powers between them. However, beyond this, we wonder about the asymmetry between consumer and brand in these conversations: is marketing willing to play the game? What perception the consumer has of this rebalancing? Research Objective : The objective of this research is to understand the perceptions of Web 2.0 by consumers and resulting behaviors.Thesis defended : Faced with this redefinition of the relationship between the consumer and the brand, we suggest that companies wishing to engage consumers must agree to give up some power. Contribution expected : This thesis aims to contribute to previous studies and to overcome their limitations. While the academic literature explores the motivations of consumers to post online reviews in general (Hennig -Thurau & al , 2004; Sher &Lee, 2009) , it lacks empirical studies considering the impact of individual factors on their consumer participation and engagementtoward a particular brand on the web 2.0 . Thus, we seek to understand the role of consumer power capacities on online participation and engagement. Method : Our research methodology consists in a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Firstly, a qualitative study and a quantitative study were conducted with consumers in a tourism context. It was held in collaboration with the tourist offices of the Grand-Bornand and Aix-les-Bains. Secondly, an experiment was conducted among young consumers (18 to 30 years) in the specific sector of Smartphones and mobile tablets. Main results The qualitative study allowed us to initially highlight multiple paradoxes generated by eWOM broadcast on opinion platforms. EWOM appears useful for consumers and businesses; however, a strong skepticism is facing them. The first quantitative study allowed us to highlight the determinants of participation and engagement: Helping company, perceived sincerity of posted comment, consumer skepticism regarding online practices and brand attachment. In general, we see consumer willingness to influence.The second quantitative study, the experimentation, shows that the characteristics of online opinion platforms have an impact on the intention of engaging and engaged behavior. This study shows the importance of online review accuracy of and the small risk for an online opinion platform to become a way to get out consumers anger.

本研究旨在了解消費者如何運用說服知識，來判讀線上口碑訊息之真偽。說服知識一詞，最早於1994年，由Friestad以及Wright在其著作「說服知識模型：人們如何回應他人的說服意圖」一文中所提出。該模型在當時線上口碑尚未流行的年代，是完全以線下情境為研究主題開發而成。也因此，本研究希冀打造適用於線上口碑環境所使用的線上說服知識模型，藉由深度訪談八位受訪者，了解他們使用線上口碑的情形，進而深入探討，他們如何在今日線上口碑充斥著置入性行銷口碑的環境中，運用自身的說服知識，來辨認線上口碑訊息之真偽。在受訪者分享如何辨別偽口碑的經驗談時，本研究也因此了解人們是如何運用自身對產品、議題、品牌等主題知識(topic knowledge)，如何運用說服知識(persuasion knowledge)，如何應用說服者知識(agent knowledge)等由Friestad以及Wright所歸納而成的三大知識體系，來辨別線上口碑的真實性。本研究更進一步指認出台灣線上環境所特有的”鄉民”知識，並將之融入到線上說服知識模型之中。本研究結果顯示，人們對線上口碑環境的熟悉程度(是否經常瀏覽特定網站)，以及個人涉入口碑的深淺程度(觀看線上口碑的頻繁程度)，都影響到個人線上說服知識模型之架構。本研究是線上口碑文獻中，首度建構線上說服知識模型之研究。 / This research explores consumers’ use of persuasion knowledge in judging the credibility of eWOM. Persuasion Knowledge is a concept first coined by Friestad and Wright (1994) in their work of The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How people cope with persuasion attempts. The Persuasion Knowledge Model, however, was designed specifically for the offline context. This research aims to build an online Persuasion Knowledge Model by conducting in-depth interviews to eight participants in identifying their perceived dubious eWOM triggers. Throughout the process of participants’ reasoning with these triggers, we were able to see how consumers judge the credibility of eWOM by using their persuasion knowledge, topic knowledge, and agent knowledge in the online context. The findings also suggest a fourth knowledge base—villager knowledge—in the online WOM context. Furthermore, this study shows that one’s familiarity with an online WOM environment and one’s level of involvement with online WOM all influence the construction of one’s online Persuasion Knowledge Model. This study is a first in constructing the online Persuasion Knowledge Model in the eWOM literature.