Studiens syfte är att öka kunskapen om lärande för hållbar utveckling, Education for sustainable development (ESD) i ett svenskt såväl som indiskt förskoleperspektiv. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsansats och använder sig av en induktiv metod med diskursanalys som redskap. Empirin består av öppna skriftliga intervjufrågor i en enkät som har besvarats via mejl av sju förskollärare i Sverige och Indien, samt en jämförelse mellan de svenska och indiska styrdokumenten. Den empiriska undersökningen har besvarat syftet utifrån följande frågeställningar: Hur beskriver förskollärare i Indien och Sverige hållbar utveckling och sitt arbete med det? Vilken bild av hållbar utveckling framträder i läroplanerna? Vilka diskurser framträder i analysen av förskollärarnas svar och de båda styrdokumenten? Återspeglar data vissa sociala, politiska eller historiska förhållanden under vilka de producerades och i så fall på vilket sätt?  Detta examensarbete ger en bild av komplexiteten i ett lärande för hållbar utveckling i ett indiskt såväl som svenskt förskoleperspektiv och föreliggande studie ger exempel på att det finns många olika sätt att beskriva, tolka och förstå begreppet hållbar utveckling. I analysen framträder skillnader som återspeglar sociala, politiska och historiska förhållanden i Indien och Sverige och olika diskurser gällande hållbar utveckling i de båda länderna kan urskiljas i analysen av resultatet.

This study examines how a reader in the Swedish subject can be used in the younger ages ofSwedish schools to meet the requirements of equal education in Sweden. The reader is a partof a teaching material called the ABC-klubben and is based on the same story but available inthree different levels of textbooks.The Study analyses how the different books differ between each other and how the techingmaterial can be used in its whole to increase the equal education. The study shows that in itswhole and if the material are used to create a shared reading experience between everyone inclass, it do contribute to equal education for students. The material has some difficulties andthe teacher needs to be aware he or she may need to compensate for some parts of thematerial.

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This dissertation contributes to the study of educational change and the conditions thereof. During the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, Swedish early care and education (ECE) programs underwent a comprehensive transformation as formal instruction was supplanted by early childhood education. My analysis of this transformation utilizes a comparatively long time-frame, an organizational historical perspective, and archival material from 44 ECE societies. It focuses on three types of ECE programs: infant schools, day nurseries, and kindergartens. Since philanthropic societies organized such programs, this study’s results are also of interest to the history of philanthropy. Early childhood education was established through a selection and adaptation process in which existing ECE programs were closed or changed as new ones were established. My investigation demonstrates that this occurred on the basis of the conditions in which individual ECE programs operated. Factors that stand out in this regard are the debate concerning infant schools, the funding of ECE programs, and the expansion of the mandatory elementary education system, together with changes in the dissemination of ideas about education and the establishment of municipal regulations. How these conditions contributed to educational change constitutes the substance of the dissertation. The results of this dissertation deepen our knowledge of the finances of ECE programs, their organizational niche, and their relations with municipal authorities. This study questions the significance for educational change within these programs that has been attributed to the growth of a romantic conception of childhood. It provides a new picture of the role of the kindergarten movement in this regard and ascribes to day nurseries a previously unobserved role in educational change. This dissertation thereby contributes to a revision of recurrent assumptions concerning educational change and of the connection between such change and general societal or ideological structures.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to present one of the aspekts of teaching of early reading and writing in primary schools in England. By this aspekt we mean methods that are used during teaching early reading and writing. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis familiarize the reader with the education system in England as whole, describes the National Curriculum and closely familiarize the reader with the pre-school curriculum and primary school curriculum. From both curriculums are pointed out especially those aspects which relate to teaching English language. In addition, there will be presented programs of teaching early reading and writing and closely described methods of teaching early reading and writing. The practical part of diploma thesis is based on research which was performed in community primary school "Dale Community Primary School". The research was conducted by several methods: questionnaire survey, observation and controlled observation. The questionnaires and observation aimed at finding methods of teaching early reading and writing which are used at the specific primary school. In addition, two modelled lessons were prepared and later reflected. During both modelled lessons were used methods of teaching early reading and writing. The knowledge and information gained from...

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar de que modo a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo (SME-SP) concebe e implementa as políticas públicas de formação continuada de professores ao longo da gestão de 2005 a 2012 com a meta de melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos e, assim, elevar os índices de desempenho das avaliações externas. Neste trabalho, é focalizado o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Por meio da análise de documentos oficiais, da observação de encontros de formação continuada de professores e do depoimento de duas professoras, busca-se compreender como essas três vozes da SME-SP (elaborador do texto oficial, formador e professor) se relacionam no intuito de oferecer um ensino de melhor qualidade aos alunos da rede municipal. O conjunto de documentos analisados revela uma concepção de professor como um profissional de formação inicial deficitária, que necessita de orientações detalhadas sobre como ministrar suas aulas. Os encontros de formação continuada observados, por sua vez, consideram os professores como receptores ativos do texto dos documentos. Desta forma, a concepção de formação continuada de professores presente tanto nos documentos analisados como na prática formativa observada parte do meio externo, isto é, de contextos que não correspondem à vida da sala de aula, como é o caso das diretrizes curriculares definidas pela equipe da SME-SP. Com base nas ideias do ciclo contínuo de políticas públicas de Stephen Ball, é possível inferir que não há uma aplicação prática e imediata daquilo que é apresentado nos textos oficiais, seja pelo formador ou pelas escolas; e nem mesmo que ocorre, por parte do professor, apropriação e uso direto, em sala de aula, das orientações recebidas em encontros de formação continuada. Entre uma intenção de ensino, seja ela do contexto do currículo oficial ou das ações de formação continuada de professores, e a aprendizagem do aluno há diferentes interpretações dos textos e das ações oficiais e, consequentemente, descontinuidades. Pode-se afirmar que a formação continuada de professores realizada na gestão de 2005 a 2012 pela SME-SP é fragmentada e descontínua, já que é concebida apenas atrelada a outras ações consideradas centrais, como a implantação do currículo e a prática das avaliações externas. O foco das políticas públicas não é, portanto, a formação continuada de professores, uma vez que ela é definida como uma ação condicionada a outros projetos principais. Conclui-se que a modalidade de formação continuada mais adequada é aquela que oferece ao docente um espaço para ele se colocar com liberdade, segurança e confiança, um espaço onde sua voz constituída por suas condições de trabalho e necessidades e pelas recontextualizações que ele faz do currículo, do ensino da Matemática e do aluno dos anos iniciais de escolaridade seja de fato ouvida e considerada. / The objective of this study is to investigate how the São Paulo City Department of Education (Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, SME-SP) develops and implements public policies for teachers continuing formation from 2005 to 2012 with the goal of improving students learning and thus raise the performance indices in external evaluations. In this paper, we focused the teaching of Mathematics in the early years of elementary school. Through the analysis on official documents, observation of teachers continuing formation meetings and the testimony of two regular teachers, we seek to understand how these three voices of SME-SP (the official document writer, the trainer and the teacher) relate to each other to offer a better quality teaching to students in the citys educational network. The set of documents analyzed reveals the regular teacher as a professional with a deficit in initial training, who needs detailed guidance on how to teach to their classes. The continuing formation meetings observed, in turn, consider teachers as active receivers of official documents. Thus, the conception of teachers continuing formation presented in the documents analyzed, as well in the training practice, mainly refer to an external view, ie contexts that do not match the daily life into the classroom, such as the curriculum guidelines set by SME-SP team. Based on Stephen Ball ideas on continuous cycle of public policies, one can infer that there is no immediate and practical application of what is shown in the official documents, either by the trainer or by scholar practice; neither the teachers in classroom make any direct use of the guidance received in continuing education meetings. Between the intention of teaching in the context of the official curriculum or teachers continuing formation actions , and student learning there are different interpretations of official documents and practices and hence discontinuities. One can say that teachers continuing formation carried out from 2005 to 2012 by SME-SP is fragmented and discontinuous, as its conception only linked to other actions known as central, such as the implementation of the curriculum and the practice of external evaluations. So, the focus of this public policy is not, therefore, teachers continuing formation, since its definition is subordinated to other major projects. The conclusion is that the most suitable form of teachers continuing formation is the one that offers a space for teachers to put on freedom, security and trust, a space where his/her voice made up of teachers working conditions and recontextualizations on the curriculum, on the teaching of Mathematics and on the student in the early years at school is indeed heard and taken in account.

A presente tese investiga a pertinência e a relevância cultural de um teatro voltado especialmente para bebês. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de inspiração etnográfica, que consistiu principalmente da participação da pesquisadora como público em espetáculos teatrais voltados especialmente para essa faixa etária, na cidade de São Paulo. Desta forma, o teatro para bebês consistiria uma unidade mínima bastante especial e oportuna para a observação de fenômenos culturais, nos quais há construções conjuntas de significados, envolvendo adultos e crianças. Foram assistidos doze espetáculos de teatro para bebês, dos quais cinco foram analisados mais detalhadamente. Observou-se a dinâmica de interações que se estabelecia a partir das proposições cênicas das/dos artistas e da montagem, bem como da recepção e da participação da plateia, composta de adultos e crianças, especialmente as bem pequenas, até dois anos. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com os artistas criadores dos espetáculos. Para as análises, foram utilizados principalmente quatro referenciais teóricos: a tese de Vigotski (1995) de que as funções superiores são a cultura internalizada, atualizada no estudo proposto por Pino (2005) no que diz respeito à ideia de humano; o referencial teórico da Rede de Significações (RedSig); a ideia de dieta cultural proposta por Del Río e Álvarez (2007); e a Estética da Recepção, a partir das ideias de Robert Jauss (1979) e Wolfgang Iser (1996). Constatou-se que há semelhanças entre o teatro para bebês e a escola de educação infantil quanto à dinâmica do triângulo relacional que se estabelece entre mães/pais, professores, e bebês, na escola; e mães/pais, professores e bebês, no teatro. Como na escola, mas de forma \"concentrada\", o teatro para bebês oferece oportunidade de construção de significados conjuntos, da descoberta do outro, de disputa de atenção e de crescimento envolvendo adultos e crianças. Concluiu-se que é pertinente que se crie e apresente espetáculos teatrais especialmente para a primeira infância (bebês) e que a oferta desse tipo de produção, já considerável em São Paulo, tende a aumentar e se diversificar nos próximos anos. / This thesis investigates the pertinence and cultural relevance of theatrical production targeting babies. To that end, a study of ethnographical inspiration was conducted, consisting primarily of participation by the researcher as a member of the audience in dramatic productions aimed at this age range, in the city of São Paulo. In this way, theatre for babies would constitute a minimal unity, quite special and inviting for the observation of cultural phenomena, in which children and adults take part as a group in the construction of meanings. Twelve productions were watched, five of which were chosen for a more in-depth analysis. We observed the interaction dynamics established by the dramatic propositions of the artists and the production itself, as well as reception and participation by the audience, composed by adults and children, especially the very young, up to two years of age. Interviews were also conducted with the creators of the productions. For the analyses, four theoretical cornerstones were mainly used: the thesis by Vigotski (1995) that the superior functions are internalized culture, updated in the study proposed by Pino (2005) with respect to the idea of human; the theoretical reference of the network of meanings; the idea of cultural diet proposed by Del Río and Álvarez (2007); and the Aesthetics of Reception, from the ideas of Robert Jauss (1979) and Wolfgang Iser (1996). We found that there are resemblances between the theatre for babies and the institution of Early Childhood Education regarding the relational triangle established by parents, teachers and babies, at school; and parents, teachers and babies, at the theatre. As in school, albeit in a concentrated manner, theatre for babies offers opportunities for the constructing of joint meanings, the discovery of the Other, the dispute for attention and growth involving adults and children. We concluded that creating and presenting dramatic productions made specially for children in their early infancies (babies) is a pertinent practice, and that the supply of this type of production, already sizeable in São Paulo, is predicted to increase and to diversify in the next few years.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T12:27:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DA SILVA GALLET.pdf: 1982736 bytes, checksum: d1ffb496444286bd49dddcb131e654ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T12:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO DA SILVA GALLET.pdf: 1982736 bytes, checksum: d1ffb496444286bd49dddcb131e654ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / This research investigates how Math and Science textbooks from 4th and 5th years of Elementary School address interdisciplinary study between these two subjects. It aims to identify whether and how interdisciplinary proposals are implemented using what nowadays are inside these materials. We show theoretical aspects that bring interdisciplinary concept and reflect about the textbooks importance as a teaching support inside classroom, within a perspective that students who learn through textbook scan have different dimensions? approaches that pervade their historical and cultural nature. The methodology used was documental analysis of some selected works, as four Math and Science textbooks from 4th and 5th year of elementary school - two collections of each subject -, with also theoretical background on interdisciplinary studies for Math and Science teaching. Interdisciplinary method is a term still under construction, which deserves further studies. There are paradigmatic barriers that still make school education persisting in strict disciplinary model, fragmented and decontextualized. As research results, we bring that educational resources such as textbooks can break this actual model, but also can establish disciplinary strictness. Our textbooks analysis, those most widely distributed in 2016 at national level also showed a weak action on interdisciplinary approaches for Math and Science subjects, both in the collections of one and other contents. We also identified predominance of certain themes and few information about others, in interdisciplinary moments analyzed such as, for example, themes related to the environment. In the Teacher Manuals presented at the end of each work, we find a theoretical fragility related to interdisciplinary study, as well as a divergence of interdisciplinary approach between works by different authors, but from the same publisher. Finally, we consider interdisciplinary study must contemplate, rather than theories and terminologies, a paradigmatic transformation that respects its historical and dialectical movement, encompassing all subjects involved in the teaching-learning process: teachers, students, parents, editors and textbooks writers, textbooks evaluators, teacher trainers, among many others. / A presente pesquisa busca investigar como livros did?ticos de Matem?tica e Ci?ncias dos 4? e 5? anos do Ensino Fundamental abordam a interdisciplinaridade entre essas duas disciplinas. Tem por objetivo identificar se e como s?o tratadas propostas interdisciplinares que se fazem presentes no conte?do desse material. Apresentamos aspectos te?ricos que tratam o conceito de interdisciplinaridade e a reflex?o relacionada ? import?ncia do livro did?tico como suporte de ensino na sala de aula, dentro de uma perspectiva que compreende o aluno que aprende por meio do livro did?tico, como um ser integrado por diferentes dimens?es que perpassam sua natureza hist?rica e cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a da an?lise documental das obras selecionadas, ou seja, quatro livros did?ticos de Matem?tica e Ci?ncias, do 4? e 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental ? duas cole??es de cada disciplina ?, tendo por embasamento te?rico estudos referentes ? interdisciplinaridade, livro did?tico, ensino de Matem?tica e ensino de Ci?ncias. A interdisciplinaridade ? um termo ainda em constru??o, que merece maiores estudos. H? barreiras paradigm?ticas que fazem com que o ensino escolar persista em um modelo disciplinar rigoroso, fragmentado e descontextualizado. Por resultados indicamos que recursos de ensino como o livro did?tico podem tanto favorecer com um rompimento para com esse modelo, quanto firmar a rigidez disciplinar. Nossas an?lises dos livros did?ticos, aqueles mais distribu?dos no ano de 2016 a n?vel nacional, evidenciaram ainda uma fr?gil a??o em rela??o ao tratamento interdisciplinar nas disciplinas de Ci?ncias e Matem?tica, tanto nas cole??es de um quanto de outro conte?do. Identificamos tamb?m a predomin?ncia de certas tem?ticas em detrimento de outras, nos momentos interdisciplinares analisados como, por exemplo, tem?ticas ligadas ao meio ambiente. Nos Manuais do Professor que est?o presentes ao final de cada obra encontramos uma fragilidade te?rica relacionada ? interdisciplinaridade, al?m de diverg?ncia de tratamento da interdisciplinaridade entre obras de autores diferentes, mas da mesma editora. Por fim, consideramos que para ser poss?vel a interdisciplinaridade ? preciso considerar, mais que teorias e terminologias, uma transforma??o paradigm?tica, que respeite seu movimento hist?rico e dial?tico, englobando todos os sujeitos que est?o envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem escolar: professores, alunos, pais e respons?veis, gestores, editores e escritores de livros did?ticos, avaliadores dos livros did?ticos, formadores de professores, dentre muitos outros.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Filomena Bagne Marquesin.pdf: 3270860 bytes, checksum: b2d538ed3e15ce07071cf3b77e9f86c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / The focus of this research fits in the discussions of teacher formation, emphasizing the Supervised Stage on Pedagogy and the teaching of Mathematics in the early years of elementary school. The understanding that much professional knowledge resulting from the student´s participation on the Supervised Stage, was crucial to perform this research. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate how the areas become places of training and learning of teaching, as well as verify how this areas/places influence in the in the formation of teaching prowess and obtaining of knowledge to teach mathematics. As theoretical-methodological referential in the fields of professional knowledge and teaching learning, were used contributions from Montero (2001), Shulman (1987), Roland (2005, 2006), Gauthier (1998) and Nóvoa (1995). For the discussion of training areas, the study bolstered in Escolano (2000), Viñao_Frago (2001) and Cunha (2010). The study was also relied on Pires (2000) and Moura (2001) for issues related to teaching mathematics in the early years of elementary school. This is a qualitative research based on a case study. As data collection, was used an initial questionnaire, exploratory interview, discussion and narratives group. In this way, we started with the assumption that the stage can influence the formation of the teaching; and the discussion meetings allow the student of the Pedagogy to think about the professional content to teach and to ensure learning. The analysis indicates that the students of the Supervised Stage, when insert themselves in the school and participate in class, has a possibility to establish the relationship between theoretical knowledge and knowledge of content and teaching. The reflection on this process revealed that the meanings and achievements make the school a place of learning and bring peculiarities to teaching prowess / O foco desta pesquisa inscreve-se nas discussões acerca da formação inicial de professores e, no centro desse campo, o olhar se volta para o Estágio Supervisionado no curso de Pedagogia e para o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A compreensão de que existe um emaranhado de conhecimentos profissionais que resultam da participação dos alunos da formação inicial nas atividades de estágio foi determinante para a realização desta pesquisa, que envolveu os alunos desse curso. O objetivo geral do estudo foi investigar como os espaços de formação se transformam em lugares de formação e de aprendizagem da docência e verificar o modo como esses espaços/lugares influenciam na constituição da profissionalidade docente e na apropriação de conhecimentos para ensinar Matemática. Como referencial teóricometodológico, no campo do conhecimento profissional e da aprendizagem da docência, foram utilizadas as contribuições de Montero (2001), Shulman (1987), Roldão (2005, 2006), Gauthier (1998) e Nóvoa (1995). Para a discussão sobre espaços de formação, o estudo se amparou em Escolano (2000), Viñao_Frago (2001) e Cunha (2010). O estudo também se apoiou em Pires (2000) e Moura (2001) para a as questões relacionadas ao ensino da matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa pautada num estudo de caso. Adotou-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados um questionário inicial, uma entrevista exploratória, o grupo de discussão e narrativas. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que o estágio pode influenciar na constituição da profissionalidade docente e os encontros para discussão possibilitam, ao aluno concluinte do curso de Pedagogia, reflexão sobre os conteúdos profissionais para ensinar e para possibilitar a aprendizagem. A análise indicou que o aluno da formação inicial, ao inserir-se no contexto escolar e participar das aulas, tem possibilidade de estabelecer a relação entre os conhecimentos teóricos e os conhecimentos dos conteúdos e da didática. A reflexão sobre esse processo revelou que os significados e as conquistas tornam o espaço escolar um lugar de aprendizagem e trazem particularidades para a profissionalidade docente

This study explores the spontaneous singing of three- and four-year-old children at home, with emphasis on how young children use singing in their everyday lives. Spontaneous singing pervades the everyday lives of young children and can provide insights into a child's musical and extra-musical experience at home. Although several studies have examined spontaneous singing in educational settings, young children's musical lives at home are rarely studied in detail. The home is a difficult space to access, and data collection methods often rely on parental reporting. As a result, some types of singing have been overlooked. Located within the sociocultural theoretical tradition, this thesis draws on and develops theories of musical agency to explore how children act musically to engage with others and manage their own experience. Audio data were collected using LENA all-day recording technology supplemented by semi-structured parental interviews. Over 183 hours of audio recording were collected from 15 children (7 boys, 8 girls), aged between 3:0 and 4:10 years (average age 3:8). The children were recorded for continuous periods during their normal everyday routines. The recordings contained more than nine hours of spontaneous singing in total. The data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis with an element of embedded numerical analysis. Interpretive analysis indicated that the children sang to act on themselves and manage social interactions. Spontaneous singing was used as a tool through which the children could realise personal and social agency and influence themselves and others. The children used different modes of singing in social and solitary contexts, demonstrating knowledge of culturally meaningful ways of singing. The home musical environment, and particularly parental singing, appeared to influence the way young children use singing in their everyday lives. This research used an innovative methodology to access young children’s singing in the home. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of young children’s musical behaviours and the home musical lives of young children. Further, the thesis provides an original contribution to the understanding of how young children use spontaneous singing as musical agents acting in and on the world around them. This research has educational implications relating to the way young children’s musicality is understood and encouraged and the importance of music in young children’s lives.