Submitted by VIVIANE APARECIDA SOTANA null (vivisotana@bol.com.br) on 2017-05-25T06:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL- VIVIANE AP. SOTANA PANSANI.pdf: 2644689 bytes, checksum: 15f8965dae56314e77b1680bdbc1ffff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-30T16:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pansani_vas_me_bauru.pdf: 2644689 bytes, checksum: 15f8965dae56314e77b1680bdbc1ffff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T16:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pansani_vas_me_bauru.pdf: 2644689 bytes, checksum: 15f8965dae56314e77b1680bdbc1ffff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida tendo como foco o gênero textual notícia como meio articulador entre as práticas sociais e as práticas de linguagem na sala de aula. Apoiando-se nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) (BRONCKART, 2012), da Didática do grupo de Genebra (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), no que diz respeito à transposição e modelização didática de gêneros e em estudos de autores brasileiros que publicam nessa linha (GONÇALVES, 2011; BARROS, 2012), a presente pesquisa apresenta a análise e os resultados de aprendizagem decorrentes do desenvolvimento de uma Sequência Didática (SD) elaborada em torno do gênero notícia e utilizada para ampliar os domínios das capacidades da linguagem escrita, com uma turma do 5º ano do ensino fundamental, de uma escola municipal do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Com base na concepção de que os alunos utilizam três capacidades de linguagem (de ação, discursiva e linguístico-discursiva) no processo da produção textual (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), a SD foi elaborada a fim de contemplar essas capacidades e levar os alunos a sua mobilização e, com isso, dominar o gênero ensinado. Para a transposição didática do referido gênero, foi elaborado um modelo didático que, por sua vez, possibilitou a elaboração da SD desenvolvida no ano escolar citado. A metodologia utilizada resultou em um conjunto de 11 oficinas e 23 atividades didáticas de linguagem, que contemplaram as quatro etapas da SD. Na primeira etapa foram desenvolvidas 3 oficinas e 10 atividades; na segunda, foi realizada 1 oficina e 1 atividade; na terceira, foram desenvolvidas 3 oficinas e 8 atividades e, finalmente, na quarta etapa, foram realizadas 4 oficinas e 4 atividades. Os resultados são ancorados na análise das produções iniciais e finais do gênero notícia, a partir das capacidades de linguagem distinguidas pelos referenciais que embasam esta pesquisa: capacidade de ação, capacidade discursiva e capacidade linguístico-discursiva; com enfoque avaliativo-comparativo para verificar se houve ampliação das capacidades de linguagem. Como produto da pesquisa, um caderno didático denominado “Gênero Notícia: proposta de ensino de produção textual para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental”, foi construído, e será disponibilizado aos professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental como uma ferramenta pedagógica para contribuir no planejamento de suas ações didáticas realizadas no ensino, de modo sistematizado. / This research was undertaken with the gender focus textual news as a means articulator between social practices and language practices in the classroom. Relying on theoretical and methodological frameworks of Interacionism Sociodiscursivo (ISD) (BRONCKART, 2012), Didactic of the Geneva group (SCHNEUWLY;. DOLZ, 2004), with regard to the transposition and didactic modeling of genres and studies of Brazilian authors who publish this line (GONÇALVES, 2011; BARROS, 2012), this research presents the analysis and the learning outcomes of the development of a Didactic Sequence (SD) developed around the news genre and used to expand areas of skills of written language, with a class of 5th grade of elementary school, a public school in the state of São Paulo. Based on the concept that students use three language skills (action, discursive and linguistic-discursive) in the text written production process (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), the SD was developed in order to include these capabilities and take students their mobilization and thereby dominate the genre taught. For the didactic transposition of that genre, it designed a teaching model that, in turn, enabled the development of the SD developed in the school year cited. The methodology used resulted in a set of 11 workshops and 23 educational activities language, which contemplated the four stages of SD. In the first stage have been developed 3 workshops and 10 activities; the second was held one workshop and one activity; the third were developed workshops 3 and 8 activities and finally, the fourth stage, there were 4 workshops and 4 activities. The results are anchored in the analysis of initial production and final news genre, from the language capabilities distinguished by references that support this research: action capability, discursive capacity and linguistic-discursive capacity; Evaluative-comparative approach to see if there was an increase of language skills. As the research product, a didactic book called "Gender News: proposal for textual production for the early years of elementary school" was built, and will be available to teachers in the early years of elementary school as an educational tool to help in planning their didactic actions taken in education, systematic way.

Submitted by LUIZ HENRIQUE INIGNES DIVIESO null (luizdivieso@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-27T21:10:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Henrique- final.pdf: 1926030 bytes, checksum: c134dc9827bd7706f1c220351df75273 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T16:21:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 divieso_lhi_me_prud.pdf: 1926030 bytes, checksum: c134dc9827bd7706f1c220351df75273 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T16:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 divieso_lhi_me_prud.pdf: 1926030 bytes, checksum: c134dc9827bd7706f1c220351df75273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Esta dissertação de mestrado, vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem.” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP, teve por objetivo geral analisar uma experiência de formação em serviço de professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental sobre a possiblidade de utilizar as TDIC no Ensino de Matemática e por objetivos específicos: identificar o perfil dos professores participantes da pesquisa quanto à utilização das tecnologias e do ensino de Matemática; investigar a constituição de um grupo de formação continuada em serviço tendo em vista a integração das TDIC na prática escolar do Ensino de Matemática; caracterizar os elementos que facilitam a formação de um grupo de estudos; descrever os elementos que demonstram a inserção das tecnologias no Ensino de Matemática pelos sujeitos da pesquisa; analisar os avanços e retrocessos relatados pelos professores no processo ao final da formação. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa com delineamento descritivo – explicativo e para a efetivação da coleta de dados fizemos uso de questionários e da observação durante o processo. Desenvolvemos um processo formativo de professores em serviço na EMEIF General Lima Figueiredo, escola pertencente à Rede Municipal de Educação de Bilac (SP), nos Horários de Trabalho Pedagógicos Coletivos (HTPC). Esta unidade escolar conta, atualmente, com 10 salas de aulas equipadas com lousas digitais interativas. A análise dos dados focou os seguintes aspectos: participação docente, condições de formação, conteúdo específico e ação do gestor No processo formativo vivenciado os professores elaboraram e desenvolveram atividades com recursos digitais com seus alunos em sala de aula, bem como socializaram e refletiram com o grupo suas experiências. Os resultados dessa pesquisa permitiram identificar indícios de transformação da prática docente com a inserção de tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação para o ensino de Matemática. Apontam, ainda, para a importância de uma formação em serviço na qual os gestores e docentes trabalham em conjunto e compartilham aprendizagens. Portanto, entendemos que, é preciso formar os professores para que a escola contemporânea se atualize e que os recursos tecnológicos atuais sejam integrados e utilizados de forma significativa por nossos alunos. / This master's dissertation, linked to the research line "Processes Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem." Of the Postgraduate Program in Education of FCT / UNESP, had the general objective to analyze an experience of in-service teacher training in the initial years of Teaching Fundamental about the possibility of using the TDIC in Mathematics Teaching and for specific objectives: to identify the profile of the teachers participating in the research regarding the use of technologies and the teaching of Mathematics; To investigate the constitution of a group of continuing education in service with a view to the integration of the TDIC in the school practice of Mathematics Teaching; Characterize the elements that facilitate the formation of a group of studies; To describe the elements that demonstrate the insertion of the technologies in the Mathematics Teaching by the subjects of the research; Analyze the advances and setbacks reported by teachers in the process at the end of training. The research has a qualitative approach with descriptive - explanatory delineation and for the effectiveness of the data collection we made use of questionnaires and observation during the process. We developed a training process for teachers in service at the General Lima Figueiredo EMEIF, a school belonging to the Municipal Education Network of Bilac (SP), in the Collective Pedagogical Working Hours (HTPC). This school unit currently has 10 classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards. Data analysis focused on the following aspects: teacher participation, training conditions, specific content and manager action In the formative process experienced, teachers developed and developed activities with digital resources with their students in the classroom, as well as socialized and reflected with the Group their experiences. The results of this research allowed to identify indications of transformation of the teaching practice with the insertion of digital information and communication technologies for the teaching of Mathematics. They also point out the importance of in-service training in which managers and teachers work together and share learning. Therefore, we understand that it is necessary to train teachers so that the contemporary school is updated and that the current technological resources are integrated and used in a significant way by our students.

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar de que modo a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo (SME-SP) concebe e implementa as políticas públicas de formação continuada de professores ao longo da gestão de 2005 a 2012 com a meta de melhorar a aprendizagem dos alunos e, assim, elevar os índices de desempenho das avaliações externas. Neste trabalho, é focalizado o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Por meio da análise de documentos oficiais, da observação de encontros de formação continuada de professores e do depoimento de duas professoras, busca-se compreender como essas três vozes da SME-SP (elaborador do texto oficial, formador e professor) se relacionam no intuito de oferecer um ensino de melhor qualidade aos alunos da rede municipal. O conjunto de documentos analisados revela uma concepção de professor como um profissional de formação inicial deficitária, que necessita de orientações detalhadas sobre como ministrar suas aulas. Os encontros de formação continuada observados, por sua vez, consideram os professores como receptores ativos do texto dos documentos. Desta forma, a concepção de formação continuada de professores presente tanto nos documentos analisados como na prática formativa observada parte do meio externo, isto é, de contextos que não correspondem à vida da sala de aula, como é o caso das diretrizes curriculares definidas pela equipe da SME-SP. Com base nas ideias do ciclo contínuo de políticas públicas de Stephen Ball, é possível inferir que não há uma aplicação prática e imediata daquilo que é apresentado nos textos oficiais, seja pelo formador ou pelas escolas; e nem mesmo que ocorre, por parte do professor, apropriação e uso direto, em sala de aula, das orientações recebidas em encontros de formação continuada. Entre uma intenção de ensino, seja ela do contexto do currículo oficial ou das ações de formação continuada de professores, e a aprendizagem do aluno há diferentes interpretações dos textos e das ações oficiais e, consequentemente, descontinuidades. Pode-se afirmar que a formação continuada de professores realizada na gestão de 2005 a 2012 pela SME-SP é fragmentada e descontínua, já que é concebida apenas atrelada a outras ações consideradas centrais, como a implantação do currículo e a prática das avaliações externas. O foco das políticas públicas não é, portanto, a formação continuada de professores, uma vez que ela é definida como uma ação condicionada a outros projetos principais. Conclui-se que a modalidade de formação continuada mais adequada é aquela que oferece ao docente um espaço para ele se colocar com liberdade, segurança e confiança, um espaço onde sua voz constituída por suas condições de trabalho e necessidades e pelas recontextualizações que ele faz do currículo, do ensino da Matemática e do aluno dos anos iniciais de escolaridade seja de fato ouvida e considerada. / The objective of this study is to investigate how the São Paulo City Department of Education (Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, SME-SP) develops and implements public policies for teachers continuing formation from 2005 to 2012 with the goal of improving students learning and thus raise the performance indices in external evaluations. In this paper, we focused the teaching of Mathematics in the early years of elementary school. Through the analysis on official documents, observation of teachers continuing formation meetings and the testimony of two regular teachers, we seek to understand how these three voices of SME-SP (the official document writer, the trainer and the teacher) relate to each other to offer a better quality teaching to students in the citys educational network. The set of documents analyzed reveals the regular teacher as a professional with a deficit in initial training, who needs detailed guidance on how to teach to their classes. The continuing formation meetings observed, in turn, consider teachers as active receivers of official documents. Thus, the conception of teachers continuing formation presented in the documents analyzed, as well in the training practice, mainly refer to an external view, ie contexts that do not match the daily life into the classroom, such as the curriculum guidelines set by SME-SP team. Based on Stephen Ball ideas on continuous cycle of public policies, one can infer that there is no immediate and practical application of what is shown in the official documents, either by the trainer or by scholar practice; neither the teachers in classroom make any direct use of the guidance received in continuing education meetings. Between the intention of teaching in the context of the official curriculum or teachers continuing formation actions , and student learning there are different interpretations of official documents and practices and hence discontinuities. One can say that teachers continuing formation carried out from 2005 to 2012 by SME-SP is fragmented and discontinuous, as its conception only linked to other actions known as central, such as the implementation of the curriculum and the practice of external evaluations. So, the focus of this public policy is not, therefore, teachers continuing formation, since its definition is subordinated to other major projects. The conclusion is that the most suitable form of teachers continuing formation is the one that offers a space for teachers to put on freedom, security and trust, a space where his/her voice made up of teachers working conditions and recontextualizations on the curriculum, on the teaching of Mathematics and on the student in the early years at school is indeed heard and taken in account.

This research aims to understand the extent to wherein the pedagogical practices developed in History Teaching discipline for Early Years of Elementary School can contribute to the environmental education of the educator. Achieving the goal it was guided by the following question: How the History Teaching discipline for Early Years of Elementary School can contribute to environmental training of the teacher? This problem is due to two issues that surround the Education field of study: 1) The need for the University as teacher training space, guiding the scale of this front training to current issues that threaten the planet. 2) The need for progress in the studies relating to the mainstreaming of history teaching directed to the Early Years of Elementary School. In order to list those needs during the research, we opted for a qualitative approach. By reference to the type case study, was elected as an object of study curriculum component History Teaching in the Early Years of Primary Education, offered in Pedagogy Programs at the Univerdidade Federal de Sergipe that had campuses José Aloísio de Campos and Alberto de Carvalho as research loci. In order to achieve the goal set, data were collected on the education program of courses and by conducting semi-structured interviews. The sample that composed the respondent corpus consisted of six teachers who had their speeches analyzed using the technique of discursive textual analysis to the Theory of Social Representations. It is worth mentioning that this research is anchored on the assumptions of Critical Environmental Education and Cultural History and Environment, with the link interdisciplinarity. The results showed that the studied discipline presents itself as an area for the promotion of environmental education and pedagogical practices of respondents contribute, this is not the claim, for the environmental education of pedagogue, even this not being the goal of the discipline. With this study, it is expected to contribute to the reassessment of teacher education promoted by the Universidade Federal de Sergipe, and in particular, referred to teachers as well as for the expansion of studies into the environmental training and the teaching of history aimed at children, research fields still second plane in the state of Sergipe. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender em que medida as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na disciplina Ensino de História para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental podem contribuir para a formação ambiental do pedagogo. O alcance do objetivo foi norteado pela seguinte questão: Como a disciplina Ensino de História para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental pode contribuir para a formação ambiental do pedagogo? Esse problema é decorrente de duas problemáticas que circundam o campo de estudos da Educação: 1) A necessidade de a Universidade, enquanto espaço de formação docente, reorientar a dimensão dessa formação frente às atuais questões que ameaçam o planeta. 2) A necessidade de avanços nos estudos relativos à transversalidade do ensino de história direcionado para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A fim de elencar tais necessidades ao longo da pesquisa, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa. Tomando como referência o tipo estudo de caso, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo o componente curricular Ensino de História nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, ofertado nos cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, que teve os campi José Aloísio de Campos e Alberto de Carvalho como loci da investigação. No intuito de alcançar o objetivo proposto, os dados foram coletados a partir do projeto pedagógico dos cursos e por meio de realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostra que compôs o corpus entrevistado foi constituída por seis professores. Seus discursos foram analisados através da técnica da análise textual discursiva à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Vale ressaltar que esta pesquisa está ancorada nos pressupostos da Educação Ambiental Crítica e da História Cultural e Ambiental, tendo como elo a interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados desvelaram que a disciplina estudada apresenta-se como um espaço para a promoção da formação ambiental e que as práticas pedagógicas dos pesquisados contribuem, sem que essa seja uma pretensão, para a formação ambiental do pedagogo, mesmo esse não sendo objetivo da disciplina. Com esse estudo, espera-se contribuir para a reavaliação da formação docente promovida pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe e, em específico, a que se refere aos pedagogos, bem como para a ampliação de estudos voltados para a formação ambiental e para o ensino de história voltado para os anos iniciais, campos de pesquisa ainda secundarizados no estado de Sergipe.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-24T11:44:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Cristina de Sylvio - 2015.pdf: 1287547 bytes, checksum: 5d83b19fb32905fdd7ab9657c1b1ad57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-24T11:46:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Cristina de Sylvio - 2015.pdf: 1287547 bytes, checksum: 5d83b19fb32905fdd7ab9657c1b1ad57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-24T11:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mara Cristina de Sylvio - 2015.pdf: 1287547 bytes, checksum: 5d83b19fb32905fdd7ab9657c1b1ad57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / This research, conducted at the line of research Education, Teacher Professionalization and Work Education on the Education Postgraduate Program at the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Goiás, has as it object, the teaching in the early years of elementary school. The overall goal is to understand and systematize the main contributions of cultural-historical theory of Vygotsky and developmental teaching theory of Davidov for this stage of education, through a bibliographic and documentary research. The theoretical framework consists of the work of Leontiev (1998 and 2006); Vygotsky (1991, 2001a, 2001b, 2010); Davidov (1978, 1988) and Davydov and Markova (1987) and also dissertations, theses, scientific articles and books that present the contributions of historical-cultural theory and the developmental education theory for school education. We had reference to the dialectical materialist method of developing bibliographical and documentary research. In document analysis, we focus on the National Curriculum Guidelines for Elementary Education and the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Pedagogy course. The research allows us to state that the historical-cultural theory and the theory of developmental education is knowledge that can support the teacher's pedagogic practice of the early years in the teaching of elaborate and systematic culture in the form of school subjects, becoming therefore a didactic knowledge of great importance. Both theories share the same premise that access to and appropriation of historically produced culture in the form of school subjects be conducive to human development. The educational process is understood by Davidov as a complex process of teaching and learning in which, to take ownership of human culture, students will develop certain capacities of thought, especially the theoretical thought, which could not be developed otherwise. / Esta investigação, desenvolvida junto à linha de pesquisa Formação, Profissionalização Docente e Trabalho Educativo do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás tem como objeto o ensino nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo geral é compreender e sistematizar as principais contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural de Vigotski e da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental de Davidov para essa etapa de ensino, por meio de estudo teórico das obras predominantes na pesquisa, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como referência o método materialista dialético. O referencial teórico predominante é constituído da obra de Leontiev (1998 e 2006); Vigotski (1991, 2001a, 2001b, 2010); Davídov (1978, 1988) e Davídov e Markova (1987). Também utilizamos dissertações, teses, artigos científicos e obras que apresentam as contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural e da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental para a educação escolar. Na análise documental, concentramo-nos nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Fundamental de Nove Anos e nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia. A investigação realizada nos permite afirmar que a teoria histórico-cultural e a teoria do ensino desenvolvimental são conhecimentos que podem fundamentar a prática pedagógica do professor dos Anos Iniciais no ensino da cultura elaborada e sistematizada em forma de conteúdos escolares, tornando-se, portanto, um conhecimento didático de grande importância. Ambas as teorias compartilham da mesma premissa de que o acesso e a apropriação da cultura produzida historicamente sob a forma dos conteúdos escolares em muito contribui para o desenvolvimento humano. O processo de escolarização é entendido por Davidov como um processo complexo de ensino e aprendizagem no qual, ao se apropriar da cultura humana, os alunos desenvolverão certas capacidades de pensamento, sobretudo o pensamento teórico, que não poderiam ser desenvolvidas de outra forma.

Observations of young children are conducted in an educational setting by practitioners to plan and assess activities based on the individual development and needs of the child. Challenges include: recording, how to be an observer rather than a participant, and connecting developmental theory to observable behaviour.Several projects have simulated children in their learning environments, aimed mainly at pre-service teachers, but these have neither been for young children where the activity is play-based nor where the adult is supportive of the child's interests. Some simulations have used 3D graphics to represent a child via a role-playing adult but there have been few attempts to use autonomous characters.A novel real-time interactive 3D graphical simulation—Observation—was developed, providing a physical sandbox for users to: add autonomous characters (representing children), add objects, and customise the play-based environment. The definitions of the characters were informed by the findings from early childhood research. The simulation was evaluated using two complementary serious game frameworks and its utility was evaluated by professionals within the field of early childhood education comprising university students and educators, and local education authority advisors. An explorative, mixed methods approach was taken, triangulating across: a pilot study and a main study; different research instruments (simulation activity plus questionnaire, focus groups, interviews); and a range of participants. The simulation has utility because: it is an interesting way to explore the behaviours of young children, the theoretical understanding behind children's play can be deepened, and observational skills can be developed. The simulation has wide appeal because the perceived utility of the simulation is not influenced by: professional experience, number of real-life observations of young children, or time spent playing video games. Age is considered to be the most important omission from the abstract character in the simulation.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-07-12T18:19:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Regina Luvisetto do Nascimento.pdf: 1743560 bytes, checksum: 33d562c15521acb5b721904be92682c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T18:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Regina Luvisetto do Nascimento.pdf: 1743560 bytes, checksum: 33d562c15521acb5b721904be92682c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / This dissertation has as its theme the Teaching of History and, as object, the analysis of the theme in the initial years of Elementary School in a school of the state network of the city of São Paulo. They guided the research the following questions: how do the teachers understand the teaching of history in the formation of the children in the initial years? Do the methodological practices developed by them in the classroom contribute to children's awareness? Do the official documents and programs of the public network and the Curriculum Guidelines subsidize a liberating formation in this age group? The theoretical reference that subsidized this work was the conception of liberating education of Paulo Freire. In order to demonstrate the academic and pedagogical relevance of the work, a bibliographical review of the main works, theses and dissertations dealing with this topic was carried out in the Portal of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology ( IBICT) as well as a survey on the site of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), in the period between 2010 and 2015, in the area of Education. The empirical research was carried out in a public school of the State Network located in the West Zone of the city of São Paulo. In addition to the analysis of the legislative documents, semi-structured interviews were carried out with five teachers from the 1st to 5th grades of the initial years of elementary education. From the examination of the data of the studied reality, it was verified that the discourse on the intentions regarding the teaching of history in this educational cycle differs from the educational practice. Despite the advances of the studies developed in the last decades on the teaching of history, the teaching practice is still linked to a "traditional" format of teaching, based, among other aspects, on the memorization of textbooks and the historical approach decontextualized, impacting Negatively on the idea of training for children's awareness and citizenship. / Este tema de investigación de tesis de la enseñanza de la historia y, como un objeto, el análisis del tema en los primeros años de la educación primaria en una escuela del estado de Sao Paulo. Guiado la investigación de las siguientes preguntas: ¿cómo los maestros entienden la enseñanza de la historia en la educación de los niños en los primeros años? Las prácticas metodológicas desarrolladas por ellos en el aula contribuyen a la sensibilización de los niños? Los documentos oficiales y programas de las directrices del plan de estudios públicos y subvencionan una educación liberadora en este grupo de edad? El marco teórico que apoya este trabajo fue el diseño de la educación liberadora de Paulo Freire. Para demostrar la relevancia académica y pedagógica de la obra se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de las obras principales, tesis y disertaciones que tienen que ver con el motivo en el Portal de Coordinación de Mejora Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) y el Instituto Brasileño de Información en Ciencia y Tecnología (IBICT), así como una encuesta en el sitio Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), entre 2010 y 2015, en la Educación. La investigación empírica se llevó a cabo en una escuela pública de la Red Estatal ubicada en la zona oeste de Sao Paulo. Además del análisis de documentos legislativos, entrevistas semi estructuradas se realizaron con cinco maestros de 1 al 5 en los primeros años de la escuela primaria. Del examen de los datos de la realidad estudiada, se encontró que el discurso sobre las intenciones con respecto a la enseñanza de la historia en este ciclo educativo difiere de la práctica educativa. A pesar de los avances en los estudios realizados en las últimas décadas en la historia de la enseñanza, la enseñanza de la práctica todavía está ligado a un formato de enseñanza "tradicional", basada, entre otras cosas, la memorización de textos de libros de texto y enfoque histórico descontextualizada, impactando negativamente en la idea de la formación para concientización y la ciudadanía de los niños. / Esta dissertação tem como tema de pesquisa o Ensino de História e, como objeto, a análise da temática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental numa escola da rede estadual da cidade de São Paulo. Orientaram a pesquisa as seguintes questões: como as professoras compreendem o ensino de história na formação das crianças nos anos iniciais? As práticas metodológicas desenvolvidas por elas em sala de aula contribuem para a conscientização das crianças? Os documentos e programas oficiais da rede pública e as Orientações curriculares subsidiam uma formação libertadora nessa faixa etária? O referencial teórico que subsidiou esse trabalho foi a concepção de educação libertadora de Paulo Freire. Para demonstrar a relevância acadêmica e pedagógica do trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais trabalhos, teses e dissertações que tratam do tema no Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e no Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT) bem como um levantamento no site da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), no período entre 2010 e 2015, na área da Educação. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada em uma escola pública da Rede Estadual localizada na Zona Oeste da cidade de São Paulo. Além da análise dos documentos legislativos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco docentes das salas de 1º ao 5º dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. A partir do exame dos dados da realidade estudada, verificou-se que o discurso sobre as intenções a respeito do ensino de história nesse ciclo educacional difere da prática educativa. Apesar dos avanços dos estudos desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas sobre o ensino de história, a prática docente ainda está atrelada a um formato tradicional de ensino, baseado, dentre outros aspectos, na memorização de textos dos livros didáticos e da abordagem histórica descontextualizada, impactando negativamente na ideia de formação para conscientização e cidadania das crianças.

Digitala verktyg utgör en allt större del i förskolebarns vardag och inte minst syns detta i förskolan där de digitala verktygen används allt mer i den pedagogiska undervisningen. Inom ramen för denna studie har barn på en förskola i en medelstor stad i Sverige iakttagits genom kvalitativ observationsmetod. Samtliga barn som ingår i studien har flerspråkiga föräldrar och bor i ett mångkulturellt område. Observationerna har riktats främst mot den lek som förekommer vid användning av surfplattor och den lek som formas av samspelet mellan det digitala och barnen, samt mellan barnen i den digitala leken. Det kommunikationsteoretiska synsättet är studiens vetenskapliga utgångspunkt. Kommunikationsteorin, där leksignaler och lekram är viktiga beståndsdelar, används även i arbetet med att analysera resultatet och få svar på studien frågeställningar. Studien belyser hur de digitala verktygen påverkar barns lek och samspel med varandra. Den visar även på hur barn samspelar med de digitala verktygen. Ytterligare en dimension som denna studie belyser, är att den användarvänliga surfplattan gör att barn som talar olika språk får ett verktyg som överbryggar olikheter och att den osäkerhet som kan bli följd av sociala svårigheter eller språkförbristning utjämnas. I resultatet ses att digitala verktyg i förskolemiljö är ypperliga redskap för att öka barns samspel och lek, under förutsättning att det finns pedagoger som stödjer barnen och är närvarande lekkamrater. / Digital tools form an increasingly large part of preschool children's everyday life, and this is not least visible in preschool, where digital tools are used more and more in pedagogical teaching. Within the framework of this study, children at a preschool in a medium-sized city in Sweden have been observed through a qualitative observation method. All the children included in the study have multilingual parents and live in a multicultural area. The observations have been directed primarily at the play that occurs when using tablets and the play that is shaped by the interaction between the digital and the children, as well as between the children in the digital play. The communication theoretical approach is the study's scientific point of departure. The communication theory, where play signals and play framework are important components, is also used in the work of analysing the results and getting answers to the study's questions. The study highlights how digital tools affect children's play and interaction with each other. It also shows how children interact with the digital tools. Another dimension that this study highlights is that the user-friendly tablet means that children who speak different languages get a tool that bridges differences and that the uncertainty that can result from social difficulties or language deficiency is smoothed out. The results show that digital tools in a preschool environment are a excellent tools for increasing children's interaction and play, provided that there are educators who support the children and are present playmates.

The Thesis is devoted to the comparison of respecting children needs in Czech nursery schools and British nursery schools in the Czech Republic. It is concerned with the Czech statutory framework called Rámcový vzdělávací program pro předškolní vzdělávání and the British document called the Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Using content analysis the work examines both the documents and determines their approaches to satisfy needs of children. The second part of the research, conducted through observation, is figuring out how needs according to the Maslow A. are met in the practise of these nurseries. The content analysis and observation is used to discern whether the practise of the nurseries corresponds with their educational program in the area of satisfying children needs.

This study investigates the everyday practices of young children acting in their social worlds within the context of the school playground. It employs an ethnographic ethnomethodological approach using conversation analysis. In the context of child participation rights advanced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and childhood studies, the study considers children’s social worlds and their participation agendas. The participants of the study were a group of young children in a preparatory year setting in a Queensland school. These children, aged 4 to 6 years, were videorecorded as they participated in their day-to-day activities in the classroom and in the playground. Data collection took place over a period of three months, with a total of 26 hours of video data. Episodes of the video-recordings were shown to small groups of children and to the teacher to stimulate conversations about what they saw on the video. The conversations were audio-recorded. This method acknowledged the child’s standpoint and positioned children as active participants in accounting for their relationships with others. These accounts are discussed as interactionally built comments on past joint experiences and provided a starting place for analysis of the video-recorded interaction. Four data chapters are presented in this thesis. Each data chapter investigates a different topic of interaction. The topics include how children use “telling” as a tactical tool in the management of interactional trouble, how children use their “ideas” as possessables to gain ownership of a game and the interactional matters that follow, how children account for interactional matters and bid for ownership of “whose idea” for the game and finally, how a small group of girls orientated to a particular code of conduct when accounting for their actions in a pretend game of “school”. Four key themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme addresses two arenas of action operating in the social world of children, pretend and real: the “pretend”, as a player in a pretend game, and the “real”, as a classroom member. These two arenas are intertwined. Through inferences to explicit and implicit “codes of conduct”, moral obligations are invoked as children attempt to socially exclude one another, build alliances and enforce their own social positions. The second theme is the notion of shared history. This theme addresses the history that the children reconstructed, and acts as a thread that weaves through their interactions, with implications for present and future relationships. The third theme is around ownership. In a shared context, such as the playground, ownership is a highly contested issue. Children draw on resources such as rules, their ideas as possessables, and codes of behaviour as devices to construct particular social and moral orders around owners of the game. These themes have consequences for children’s participation in a social group. The fourth theme, methodological in nature, shows how the researcher was viewed as an outsider and novice and was used as a resource by the children. This theme is used to inform adult-child relationships. The study was situated within an interest in participation rights for children and perspectives of children as competent beings. Asking children to account for their participation in playground activities situates children as analysers of their own social worlds and offers adults further information for understanding how children themselves construct their social interactions. While reporting on the experiences of one group of children, this study opens up theoretical questions about children’s social orders and these influences on their everyday practices. This thesis uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction. It investigates the consequences that taken-for-granted activities of “playing the game” have for their social participation in the wider culture of the classroom. Consideration of this significance may assist adults to better understand and appreciate the social worlds of young children in the school playground.