Esta tese aborda o trabalho de cirurgiões de um hospital de Porto Alegre, RS, durante procedimentos eletivos de pequeno, médio e grande porte, visando o estudo das possíveis relações entre as demandas física e mental e a idade e a experiência do cirurgião. Inicialmente, foi feito um mapeamento de constrangimentos ergonômicos relacionados ao trabalho cirúrgico e, num segundo momento: i) o nível de demanda física imposta aos cirurgiões eletivos por meio de uma técnica de avaliação de posturas (REBA – Rapid Entire Body Assessment) (HIGNETT & McATAMNEY, 2000), da Freqüência Cardíaca (FC), da Pressão Arterial (PA) (sistólica e diastólica) e do nível de hormonal (Noradrenalina) e; ii) o nível de demanda mental envolvida no trabalho por meio do nível hormonal (cortisol, Adenocorticotrófico – ACTH e Adrenalina e, também, por meio da FC e PA). De maneira geral, ficou evidente que, independentemente do tipo de cirurgia, há a presença de carga física de pouca intensidade e de carga mental de média intensidade entre os cirurgiões. Os resultados apontaram, também, que os cirurgiões mais jovens (menos experientes) apresentam mais esforço mental do que físico, principalmente nas cirurgias de grande porte, e os mais experientes têm mais esforço físico nas cirurgias de pequeno porte e menos esforço mental, em comparação aos mais jovens (menos experientes), nas cirurgias de grande porte. / This research has as its main objective to evaluate the relationships between both physical and mental workloads and age and experience related to surgeon’s work. The data collection was conducted at a hospital in Porto Alegre, State of RS, during elective surgeries of low, moderate and high levels of complexity. At first, a survey of ergonomics constraints related to surgical work was carried out. The objected were: i) to investigate the physical demand level by means of posture assessment technique (REBA – Rapid Entire Body Assessment) (HIGNETT & McATAMNEY, 2000), Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP) (systolic and dyastolic) and cathecolamines (Noradrenaline); ii) to investigate the mental demand level through assessment of hormonal levels (cortisol, adenocorticotrophic - ACTH and cathecolamines – adrenaline) as well as HR and BP. The results indicated low physical workload and moderate mental workload amongst surgeons. It was found that the workload (physical and mental) was not dependent on the type of surgery performed. Also, the results suggested that the youngest surgeons (novice) have more mental effort than physical effort, mostly in surgeries of high complexity level, as opposed to the oldest surgeons (seniors) who have more physical effort during surgeries in low level of complexity and low mental effort in surgeries in high level of complexity.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-22T13:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAALV.pdf: 3712842 bytes, checksum: 55bb678f55e873bfd3e6d1ad3cd9fba3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T17:57:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAALV.pdf: 3712842 bytes, checksum: 55bb678f55e873bfd3e6d1ad3cd9fba3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T17:57:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAALV.pdf: 3712842 bytes, checksum: 55bb678f55e873bfd3e6d1ad3cd9fba3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T17:57:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAALV.pdf: 3712842 bytes, checksum: 55bb678f55e873bfd3e6d1ad3cd9fba3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-06 / Não recebi financiamento / This research aims to analyze the relationship with regard to the knowledge that can be established by students of Basic Education while they are studying the elective course, of interdisciplinary nature: “From shacks to mansions.” In this discipline, the student has the opportunity to explain both the knowledge as the types of relationships established with diverse knowledge, including the extracurricular and school. The instruments used for the construction of the data were: 1- observation of classes developed in the context of elective 2 - records in the logbook of the researcher, 3 - semi-structured interviews with teachers who teach the discipline and students of basic education who attended the subject and 4 – questionnaires applied to students who participated in the discipline. The question that led the research was: “What relationships with knowledge are explained by the students of basic education whilst undertaking the Elective Course, entitled” “From Shacks to Mansions?”. In answering the question I considered the studies of Charlot (2000, 2001, 2005), with regard to the concept of knowing, as well as the research of Kanbach (2005), Barros (2010) and Pompey (2011) which deal with the subject. As a result, it can be said that the knowledge explained by learners does not necessarily address just the school contents. They prioritize and are related to the feelings and opinions that students have about: 1) what they will do in the discipline, 2) the construction of models, 3) interest in the profession, 4) the teaching used by teachers, 5) the treatment given to them by the teachers. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as relações com os saberes que podem ser explicitadas por alunos da Educação Básica enquanto cursam a Disciplina Eletiva, de cunho interdisciplinar: Dos Barracos às Mansões. Nessa disciplina o educando tem a oportunidade de explicitar tanto os saberes quanto os tipos de relações que estabelece com os diversos saberes, dentre eles os extracurriculares e os escolares. Os instrumentos utilizados para a construção dos dados foram: 1- observação das aulas desenvolvidas no contexto da Disciplina Eletiva, 2 – registros feitos em diário de bordo da pesquisadora, 3 - entrevistas semiestruturadas com as professoras que ministraram a disciplina e com alunos da Educação Básica que cursaram a disciplina e 4 - questionários aplicados aos alunos que participaram da disciplina. A questão que conduziu a pesquisa foi: “Quais relações com os saberes são explicitados pelos alunos da Educação Básica enquanto cursam a Disciplina Eletiva, intitulada: Dos Barracos às Mansões?”. Ao responder à questão considerei os estudos de Charlot (2000, 2001, 2005), no que diz respeito ao conceito de saber, bem como, as pesquisas de Kanbach (2005), Barros (2010) e Pompeu (2011) que tratam da temática. Como resultado, pode-se afirmar, que os saberes explicitados pelos educandos não versam, necessariamente, apenas sobre os conteúdos escolares. Tais saberes priorizam e estão relacionados aos sentimentos e opiniões que os alunos têm sobre: 1) o que irão fazer na disciplina, 2) as construções de maquetes, 3) o interesse pela profissão, 4) a didática usada pelas professoras, 5) o tratamento dado a eles pelas professoras.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T17:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielMS_DISSERT.pdf: 1274032 bytes, checksum: 5e527a167729ee37193fba7f30a7ae3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study is developed in setting in which the Federal Constitution of 1988 completed 22 years of validity, as well as in general elections (national and state) in country. From this perspective, there are multiple reflections, especially on the constitutional mechanisms of popular sovereignty consolidation, the integrity and legitimacy of elections and democracy itself. It has appeared timely, therefore, to examine the development of ensured instrument of these precepts. Thus, it is approached as an object of research to Action of Impugnation to the Elective Mandate- AIEM, under Art.14, ? 10 and ? 11 of the Constitution of 1988, considering its constitutional and electoral reasons. It is then aimed to review the second AIEM conceptions of scale, systematic interpretation, preservation of constitutional rights and its effectiveness. Specifically, it is analyzed the Action as to the forms of power that relate to this. then it is examined the democracy principal aspects related to the issue. Without being followed, it is the democratic situation in which it is operated. They are also examined the political rights, especially regarding restraint applied to ineligibility and the possibility of integrating the effects of an impugnatory origin. Following, it has been discussed the formation of an early panorama, consisting of constitutional principles applied to electoral constituencies and eminently procedural principles and, according to which subsidizes the operations of such Action. After that, addressing the Election Law, including its concept, its sources, the Electoral Court and its peculiarities and functions. It is also considered the elective office as to its definition, characteristics and ways of accessing and extinguishing it. Afterwards, the Action of Impugnation is studied from its historical evolution of laws, legal, concept and goals. Expanding on the theme, it s highlighted about their chances of traditional appropriateness (economic power abuse, corruption and fraud) and modern (abuse of economic power intertwined with political) business, including the suggestion of suitability in case of abuse of unique political power. It was also identified the injurious potential demand affecting these illicit to enable the Action. Subsequently, other relevant aspects were explored, such as the legitimacy ad causam, competence, secrecy, procedure, recklessness, bad faith, the purpose of the merits and manageable resources. In the end, it is demonstrated an evolution of AIEM, however, still insufficient to reach full intentions that rise it. It is proposed therefore to re-read the action from news perspectives, based on constitutional and electoral precepts, as well as wider interpretation of the appropriateness of their assumptions of suitability and effects, according to a systematic interpretation, all aimed at the preservation of constitutional rights and their own effectiveness / O presente estudo ? desenvolvido no contexto em que a Constitui??o Federal de 1988 completou 22 anos de vig?ncia e tamb?m no de elei??es gerais (nacional e regionais) no pa?s. Nessa perspectiva, surgem reflex?es v?rias, sobretudo, acerca dos mecanismos constitucionais de consolida??o da soberania popular, da normalidade e legitimidade das elei??es e da pr?pria democracia. Revela-se oportuna, pois, a an?lise do desenvolvimento do instrumento assecurat?rio destes preceitos. Assim, aborda-se como objeto da pesquisa a A??o de Impugna??o de Mandato Eletivo AIME, prevista no art.14?, ?10? e ?11? da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, sob uma an?lise considerando seus fundamentos constitucionais e eleitorais. Objetiva-se, ent?o, analisar a AIME segundo concep??es de amplitude, de interpreta??o sistem?tica, de preserva??o de direitos constitucionais e da sua efetividade. Especificamente, analisa-se a A??o quanto ?s formas de poder que se relacionam com esta. Em seguida, trata-se dos principais aspectos democr?ticos ligados ao tema. Na sequ?ncia, aborda-se a forma??o de um contexto principiol?gico, formado por princ?pios constitucionais aplicados ? seara eleitoral e princ?pios eminentemente processuais eleitorais, segundo o qual subsidia a atua??o da referida A??o. Analisam-se, tamb?m, os direitos pol?ticos, especialmente, quanto ? inelegibilidade cominada e ? possibilidade desta integrar um dos efeitos de proced?ncia da Impugnat?ria. Depois, aborda-se o Direito Eleitoral, incluindo-se o respectivo conceito, suas fontes, a Justi?a Eleitoral e suas peculiaridades e fun??es. Tamb?m ? analisado o Mandato Eletivo quanto ? respectiva defini??o, caracter?sticas e formas de acesso e de extin??o deste. Adiante, a A??o de Impugna??o ? estudada a partir de sua evolu??o hist?rica legislativa, natureza jur?dica, conceito e objetivos. Aprofundando-se no tema disserta-se acerca de suas hip?teses de cabimento tradicionais (abuso de poder econ?mico, corrup??o e fraude) e moderna (abuso de poder econ?mico entrela?ado ao pol?tico), inclusive, a sugest?o de cabimento no caso de abuso de poder pol?tico exclusivo. Identificou-se, ainda, a exig?ncia da potencialidade lesiva destes il?citos para viabilizar a A??o. Posteriormente, outros aspectos relevantes foram explorados, tais como a legitimidade ad causam, compet?ncia, segredo de justi?a, procedimento, temeridade, m?-f?, efeitos da proced?ncia dos pedidos da A??o e os recursos manej?veis. Ao final, demonstra-se uma evolu??o da AIME, por?m, ainda insuficiente ao alcance pleno dos prop?sitos que a originaram. Prop?e-se, portanto, a releitura da a??o sob novas perspectivas, fundadas nos preceitos constitucionais e eleitorais, al?m da interpreta??o ampliada das suas hip?teses de cabimento e efeitos, segundo uma interpreta??o sistem?tica; tudo com vistas ? preserva??o de direitos constitucionais e ? sua pr?pria efetividade

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-13T11:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo de Macedo.pdf: 599046 bytes, checksum: 6a11dd425d912b6f9c15d757a5cee99d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T11:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo de Macedo.pdf: 599046 bytes, checksum: 6a11dd425d912b6f9c15d757a5cee99d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / Several anesthesic protocols aiming to reduce undisirable haemodinamics effects, allowing safetier return with minimal side effects to patient. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in vital parameters related to ECG, heart rate and body temperature in bitches pre-treated with atropine, anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, associated or not to different doses on a continuous infusion of remifentanil. It was used 15 clinical healthy bitches, distributed acoording to experimental groups: G1= ketamine+ xylazine; G2= ketamine + xylazine + continuous remifentanil infusio(0,125 g/Kg/min); G3 = ketamine + xylazine + continuous remifentanil infusion (0,25 g/Kg/min). The variable measurement was accomplished before pre-anesthesia (M0), simultaneously to skin incision (M1), during the closing of right ovarian pedicle (M2), during the occlusion of the uterine stump (M3) and half for finish of the skin synthesis (M4). Data showed a sudden increasing on average and standard deviation of cardiac frequency in all groups at M1 (178.6 20.6), having decreasing, although with tachycardia tendency until M4 (157.3 18.3). Such M1 elevation is correspondent to surgical cut moment, suggesting the biggest nociceptive moment, following by right pedicle closing M2, (176.0 15.2). It was not observed apnea on animals, just an considerable repiratory decreasing on six animals (6/15) being one of them (1/5) on G1, thre animals (3/5) on G2 and two animals (2/5) on G3. The corporal temperature values measured by rectum did not showed biological significant among groups, keeping these averages compatibles qith physiological parameters for specie. According to the resultspresented one can suggest that the increase in T wave may be related to electrolyte imbalance, and disrritmia heart, being observed framework of hypoxemia. Further studies with a larger number of animals may confirm the efficiency of the anesthetic protocol using atropine, xylazine, ketamine associated with continuous infusion for remifentanil under the effective control of pain. / Os diversos protocolos anestésicos visam abreviar os efeitos hemodinâmicos indesejáveis, proporcionando um retorno mais seguro, com os mínimos efeitos colaterais para o paciente. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as possíveis alterações de parâmetros vitais relacionadas à eletrocardiografia, freqüência respiratória e temperatura corporal em cadelas pré-tratadas com atropina, anestesiadas com quetamina e xilazina, associadas ou não a diferentes doses de remifentanil sob infusão contínua. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 15 cadelas clinicamente sadias, distribuídas de acordo com os grupos experimentais: G1 = quetamina + xilazina ; G2 = quetamina + xilazina + infusão contínua com remifentanil (0,125μg/Kg/min); G3 = quetamina+ xilazina + infusão contínua com remifentanil (0,25μg/Kg/min). As mensurações das variáveis foram realizadas antes da pré-anestesia (M0), simultaneamente à incisão da pele (M1), durante a ligadura do pedículo ovariano direito (M2), durante a ligadura do coto uterino (M3) e na metade do término da síntese cutânea (M4). Os resultados apresentaram aumento nas médias e desvio padrão na freqüência cardíaca em todos os grupos no M1 (178,6±20,6), sendo posteriormente decrescente, porém, com tendência à taquicardia até M4 (157,3±18,3). Tal elevação em M1, corresponde ao momento de incisão cirúrgica, sugerindo o momento de maior estímulo nociceptivo, seguido da ligadura do pedículo direito (M2, 176,0±15,2). Não se observou apnéia em nenhum dos animais, apenas queda considerável da freqüência respiratória em seis animais (6/15), sendo um animal (1/5) no G1, três animais (3/5) no G2 e dois animais (2/5) no G3. Os valores da temperatura corporal,mensuradas via retal, não apresentaram diferenças biologicamente significativa entre os grupos, mantendo suas médias dentro dos parâmetros fisiológicos para espécie. De acordo com os resultados apresentados pode-se sugerir que o aumento da onda T pode estar relacionado a desequilíbrio eletrolítico, além de disrritmia cardíaca, sendo observado quadro de hipoxemia. Estudos posteriores com um maior número de animais poderão confirmar a eficiência do protocolo anestésico utilizando atropina, xilazina, quetamina associadas ao remifentanil sob infusão contínua para o efetivo controle da dor.

D.Phil. / The aim of this research is the development of a spiritual leadership framework or paradigm for MBA programmes. The following research questions support the central research problem: Research Question One: What is meant by the concept of Spirituality (including its link to spiritual intelligence, spiritual leadership and its challenge to the traditional leadership view)? (Chapter Two) Research Question Two: What are the relevant criteria for the evaluation of a spiritual leadership development programme? (Chapter Three) Research Question Three: What should be the framework of such a spiritual leadership programme (elective)? (Chapter Four) Research Question Four: What is the potential value of a spiritual leadership elective to the MBA programme, the MBA students and how does it change their perspective regarding leadership? (Chapter Six) Research Question Five: Can spiritual leadership make a significant contribution to organisations? (Chapters Two and Six) Research Question Six: To what extent can the results of this research be generalised to all business schools in South Africa? (Chapter Seven)

Gällande riktlinjer för preoperativ fasta beskriver att patienter med liten risk för aspiration kan inta fast föda fram till sex timmar och klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi. Studier har visat att många patienter fastar längre, vilket kan ha negativ inverkan både fysiologiskt och på välbefinnandet som till exempel dehydrering, törst, illamående, huvudvärk och nedsatt insulinkänslighet. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga och beskriva preoperativa fastetider, dryckintag samt förekomst av törst hos patienter planerade för elektiv kirurgi. Strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes under fem dagar med 50 patienter som rekryterades konsekutivt på två preoperativa avdelningar. Resultaten visade att majoriteten av patienterna instruerats att inta klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi. Fastetider hos patienter med strikt fasta varierade mellan 7,75 till 13,25 timmar (median 10 och dryckintag mellan 0,5 till 7,5 glas (medelvärde 3,14; standardavvikelse 1,98). Fastetider hos patienter med flytande fasta varierade mellan 0,75 till 11,25 timmar (median 3,5 och dryckintag mellan 1 till 9 glas (medelvärde 4,31; standardavvikelse 1,91). Av de 50 intervjuade patienterna uppgav 44 % att de upplevde törst. Studiens resultat visade på en stor variation i fastetider och dryckintag där de äldsta patienterna tenderade att fasta länge och inta små mängder dryck preoperativt. / Existing guidelines for preoperative fasting means that patients with a minimal risk of aspiration can take solid food until six hours, and clear drinks until two hours before start of anesthesia. Studies have shown that many patients are fasting longer, which may be detrimental both physiologically and on wellbeing, for example, dehydration, thirst, nausea, headache and reduced insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to map and describe fasting times, beverage intake and the incidence of thirst preoperatively in patients who were undergoing elective surgery. Structured interviews were conducted over five days with 50 patients who were enrolled consecutively in two preoperative departments. The results showed that fasting times in patients with strict fasting ranged from 7.75 to 13.25 hours (MD 10) and beverage intake between 0.5 to 7.5 glasses (3.14 SD 1,98). Fasting times in patients with float fasting ranged from 0.75 to 11.25 hours (MD 3,5) and beverage intake between 1 to 9 glasses (4,31 SD 1,91). Of the 50 interviewed patients, 44 % said they experienced thirst. The results indicated a wide variation in preoperative fasting times and beverage intake, where the oldest patients tended to have long duration of fasting and intake of small amounts of beverage preoperatively. / <p>2010 felaktigt årtal titelsida</p>

Nationally there is a high pass rate in Dramatic Arts (DA), and this subject offers many benefits for the development of young people, especially in terms of equipping them with the twenty-first century skills required for an entrepreneurial market (Olaniyan, 2015). However, few learners choose to continue with this subject beyond Grade 9. Inadequate enrolments result in fewer teaching posts being available, which also affects the entertainment industry. Parents are identified as primary sources of social support in influencing their children’s decisions and the development of their interests, career options and future goals (Kenny & Medvide, 2013). This study aims to sample parental perceptions about choosing DA as an academic subject as provided by parents, teachers of DA and Life Orientation (LO) teachers. This study establishes to what degree parents understand the value of drama education, and how their perceptions of the DA may influence their children’s school-exiting subject choices. The study comprises aspects of one theory, namely, parent role development theory (PDT). A mixed-methods study was designed within an interpretive paradigm. A sample of 36 parents who had children in high school in South Africa in 2019 completed an online mixed-method questionnaire that consisted of three parts, each dealing with parental perceptions and experiences in the field of education. The responses were coded and analysed through a convergent parallel design, and the findings were triangulated for deeper understanding, validity and transferability. The findings of this study pointed out that parental perceptions are shaped by prejudice, social influence, and school communication, among others. Furthermore, parents showed genuine interest and support for their children’s career plans and the skills that DA promote. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria 2020. / pt2021 / Humanities Education / MEd / Unrestricted

Background: Pharmacy academicians have noted the need to develop research skills in student pharmacists. At the Gatton College of Pharmacy, significant focus has been placed on the development of research skills through offering elective research courses. In order to evaluate the impact of participation in the research elective(s), we analyzed college records and surveyed faculty members with regard to the number of poster/podium presentations, published peer-reviewed manuscripts, and funded projects. Results: Student enrollment in the research elective sequence has increased over time and has resulted in 81 poster presentations, 14 podium presentations, and 15 peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions: Implementation of a research elective sequence and fostering of a research culture amongst the faculty and students has resulted in increased student engagement in research and related scholarly activities.

This study examined AVID’s effects on the metacognitive development of students taking the AVID Elective during their 9 th grade year. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in metacognitive development between AVID and non-AVID students in two high schools during their 9 th grade year. Metacognition was operationally defined as an individual’s thinking about how they are thinking, called ownership of learning, and the application of skills, called learning techniques, that students utilize to accomplish a task. Additionally, GPAs were compared to determine potential differences in cognitive development. The quantitative study used a pre-test, post-test design, utilizing a validated test called the LASSI-HS™, which measures a student’s level of metacognition. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine whether there were differences on eight metacognitive measures of attitude, motivation, anxiety, time management, self-testing, study aids, test strategies, and collaboration. A Chi-square test for independence was used to examine differences between taking at least one advanced course during 10 th grade for both AVID and non-AVID students. Lastly, a two sample t-test was used to examine potential differences between 9 th grade GPAs between AVID and non-AVID students. The framework was based on Flavell’s theory of “Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring” and Conley’s Key Learning Skills and Techniques. The findings of this study indicate that there was a significant difference between AVID and non-AVID students in the use of study aids and advanced coursework in the 10 th grade. Additional consideration was given to the metacognitive measures of anxiety, motivation, and self-testing. Lastly, the findings indicate that AVID may provide students with long-lasting benefits, such as college acceptance and increased college persistence.

No description available.