<p>The market for digital TV is developing and some industry actors focus on interactive TV. Interactive content and services that previously only were able to use through a standard PC are now available to use through the TV set. To distribute the services to the TV a so called set top box with broadband connection needs to be used. Such a box can be described as a unit where a standard PC and a digital TV receptor are integrated.</p><p>This thesis aims to investigate the market for electronic payment solutions with a focus on payment for interactive content and services in digital TV. The presumptive services are many which lead to a relative complex analysis of how they should be paid for. What kind of service is it really to be paid for? </p><p>In order to conduct an appropriate analysis this thesis contains an identification of five different service-/content types. The grouping we have conducted is in so called On Demand services, Voice over IP, Shopping, Interactive TV and web services. In order to be able to conduct a relevant assessment of how the distributed services should be paid for the understanding of the market situation is utterly important. Therefore the thesis contains a pre study of the different market actors that can be related to a set top box and interactive TV. </p><p>The study of eight different actors on the Swedish market provides an overview of content providers’ as well as payment companies’ view on how interactive content and services should be paid for. The result from the thesis is a recommendation on how an electronic payment solution should be designed and important aspects to think of. One of the key outcomes is that different services needs different types of payment solutions which implies that you should first decide on what type of services that are to be provided before a decision is made on the payment solution. </p><p>A byproduct from the thesis is the analysis model that facilitates analysis of services as well as payment solutions and - methods related to electronic payments and interactive media.</p>

The market for digital TV is developing and some industry actors focus on interactive TV. Interactive content and services that previously only were able to use through a standard PC are now available to use through the TV set. To distribute the services to the TV a so called set top box with broadband connection needs to be used. Such a box can be described as a unit where a standard PC and a digital TV receptor are integrated. This thesis aims to investigate the market for electronic payment solutions with a focus on payment for interactive content and services in digital TV. The presumptive services are many which lead to a relative complex analysis of how they should be paid for. What kind of service is it really to be paid for? In order to conduct an appropriate analysis this thesis contains an identification of five different service-/content types. The grouping we have conducted is in so called On Demand services, Voice over IP, Shopping, Interactive TV and web services. In order to be able to conduct a relevant assessment of how the distributed services should be paid for the understanding of the market situation is utterly important. Therefore the thesis contains a pre study of the different market actors that can be related to a set top box and interactive TV. The study of eight different actors on the Swedish market provides an overview of content providers’ as well as payment companies’ view on how interactive content and services should be paid for. The result from the thesis is a recommendation on how an electronic payment solution should be designed and important aspects to think of. One of the key outcomes is that different services needs different types of payment solutions which implies that you should first decide on what type of services that are to be provided before a decision is made on the payment solution. A byproduct from the thesis is the analysis model that facilitates analysis of services as well as payment solutions and - methods related to electronic payments and interactive media.

<p>This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the&nbsp / problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma.</p>

A día de hoy un amplio número de propuestas han aparecido para intentar ofrecer sistemas de pago seguros y frameworks para realizar transacciones de pago. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas propuestas, todavía quedan determinados aspectos por cubrir.Desde el punto de vista de los sistemas de pago, las características a mejorar para los escenarios del tipo B2C (Business to Customer) de productos electrónicos son el no repudio y el intercambio equitativo. El uso de monederos electrónicos puede contribuir a incrementar la seguridad estos sistemas, facilitar la movilidad del dinero electrónico y su uso en distintos escenarios. Sin embargo, actualmente su uso para realizar pagos en la red es reducido. El principal problema que presentan las soluciones de pago basadas en monederos es la necesidad de que los distintos vendedores incorporen el uso de dispositivos hardware con módulos SAM (Secure Application Module) que pueden llevar a que el proceso de pago sea lento.Por otro lado, cada vez existen más protocolos de pagos, con distintas características y que según éstas se adaptan mejor a la compra de unos determinados productos o servicios en determinados escenarios. Para facilitar el uso de distintos protocolos de pago en un mismo escenario aparecen los frameworks de pagos. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, no existenframeworks de pagos suficientemente genéricos que contemplen todos los elementos necesarios para utilizar estos protocolos de una forma genérica.En respuesta a estas necesidades este trabajo de tesis presenta distintas soluciones. Por un lado presenta dos soluciones de pago basadas en monedero inteligente que pretenden facilitar el uso de estos dispositivos de una forma progresiva. En primer lugar, facilitando el pago con los monederos existentes y, en segundo lugar, proponiendo un nuevo monedero que facilite su uso para pagos en la Web.Por otro lado se han definido distintos frameworks de pagos que permitirán la adquisición de los principales tipos de productos y servicios electrónicos: contenidos Web, contenidos distribuidos bajo streaming, servicios Web y, finalmente, servicios multimedia basados en sesiones. Estos frameworks se basan en la definición de varios componentes genéricos, como son los wallets para soportar distintos protocolos de pago, un protocolo de pagos genérico que soporta la negociación y elección de las opciones de pago a utilizar y sus precios y, finalmente, la descripción de la información de pago de una forma genérica.[ / ]Nowadays a large number of proposals have emerged to offer secure payment systems and frameworks to perform payment transactions. However, in spite of these proposals, there are still some issues to be covered.From the payment systems point of view, the features to improve in B2C (Business to Customer) scenarios of electronic products are non repudiation and fair exchange. The use of e-purses can contribute to increase the security of these systems, facilitating the mobility of electronic money and its use in different scenarios. However, currently its use to make payments on the Internet is reduced. The main problem that payment-based solution present is the requirement, for vendors, of incorporating hardware devices with SAM (Secure Application Module) modules that could lead the payment process is slow.On the other hand, there are more and more payment protocols, with different features and that depending on them can be adapted better to the purchase of certain products or services in specific scenarios. With the aim of facilitating the use of different payment protocols in the same scenario, payment frameworks appeared. However, until now, there is no payment frameworks secure enough that take into account all the elements needed to use these protocols in a generic way.As a response to these needs, this PhD thesis presents several solutions. On the one hand, we propose two payment solutions based on e-purse that intend to facilitate the use of these devices progressively. Firstly, by facilitating the payment with the existing e-purses and, secondly, by proposing a new e-purse that facilitates the use of e-purses to make payments on the Web.On the other hand, different payment frameworks that will allow the purchase of the main types of electronic products and services (Web contents, contents distributed by streaming, Web services and multimedia services based on sessions) have been defined.These frameworks are based on the definition of several generic components, as wallets for supporting the negotiation and choice of payment options to use and their prices, and, finally, the description of payment information in a generic way.Thus, the proposals presented offer secure payment protocols based on e-purses and different frameworks for the main electronic products and services that facilitate the use of the protocols as well as any other payment protocol. Furthermore, these proposals can improve the use of payment systems in a trusted way.

<p>This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the&nbsp / problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma.</p>

Alternatyvių atsiskaitymų e. versle sistemos pradeda kelti rimtą grėsmę tradiciniams atsiskaitymams elektronine bankininkyste, mokėjimo kortelėmis ar grynaisiais pinigais. Todėl būtina detaliau išsiaiškinti kokie yra alternatyvių atsiskaitymų ypatumai, kurie veiksniai vartotojams yra svarbiausi ir kokie yra alternatyvūs atsiskaitymo būdai. Tai siekiama padaryti išanalizuojant mokslinę literatūrą, pateikiant pagrindines alternatyvių atsiskaitymų sistemas, atliekant alternatyvių atsiskaitymų palyginamąją analizę ir vartotojų bei verslo subjektų naudojimosi alternatyviais atsiskaitymais ypatumų tyrimą. Tyrime ir darbe naudojami įvairūs mokslinės analizės metodai. Įvairios mokslinės literatūros, leidinių, straipsnių, naujienų ir kitų tyrimų ir šaltinių teorinė analizė. Įvairi statistika paimta iš įvairių statistiką renkančių tinklalapių bei institucijų, bei atliktas nestandartinis empirinis tyrimas anketinė apklausa ir tirta tikslinė internetinė bendruomenė, kuri naudojasi alternatyviais atsiskaitymais. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama atskleisti alternatyvių atsiskaitymų ypatumus ir tendencijas. Darbo rezultatai teigia, jog pagrindinės naudojamos sistemos yra PayPal, Mokėjimai.lt, Skrill, WebMoney, BitCoin ir kitos anonimiškumu pasižymėjusios nebeveikiančios sistemos (E-Gold, LibertyReserve ir kt.). Respondentai renkasi alternatyvius atsiskaitymo metodus atsiskaitant gyvenime ir perkant internetinėje parduotuvėje, jei tik yra tokia galimybė. Taip pat galima daryti išvadą, jog respondentai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Alternative payments in e. business begin to pose a serious threat to the traditional payments such as electronic banking, credit and debit cards or cash. Therefore, it is necessary to find out what are the features of alternative payment methods, which factors are the most important and what are the trends. All this work is done by analyzing the scientific literature, introducing main alternative payment systems, making the alternative payment system comparative analysis and making a survey of consumer and business use of the alternative payment system features and trends. There are various techniques used in this study. Theoretical analysis is done in the use of various scientific literatures, publications, articles, news and other sources of research papers. Various statistics are taken from various websites and other sources. The study includes a non-standard empirical survey on target group of the online community, which uses alternative payment systems. This study aims to reveal the alternative payment features and trends. The results display that the main system used are PayPal, Mokėjimai.lt, Skrill, WebMoney, BitCoin and other distinguished defunct anonymous systems (E-gold, LibertyReserve, etc.). Respondents prefer alternative methods when buying in e. shop if there is only such a possibility. It can also be concluded that the respondents are more likely to give up banks and their payment methods rather than cash payments. Respondents also notice that the use of... [to full text]

E-handeln befinner sig i en stor tillväxt och det finns inga direkta indikationer på att det kommer avta. En fundamental del inom e-handel är själva betalningen och betalningsprocessen. Ett väl fungerande betalningssystem är av yttersta vikt för företag som bedriver e-handel för att kunna konkurrera inom den allt mer konkurrensutsatta marknaden. Trots att e-handeln blir allt mer omfattande för varje år existerar det fortfarande en osäkerhet för konsumenten vad gäller betalningar som sker via Internet. 38 % av svenska konsumenter har någon gång avbrutit ett köp, där den vanligaste anledningen beror på att de inte fick betala som de ville. Har en potentiell kund kommit så pass långt som till själva betalningen vore det ytterst olyckligt om denne skulle avbryta ett köp på grund av betalningslösningen. Avsikten med denna studie är att redogöra för olika faktorer och eventuella barriärer som har påverkan på konsumenterna i relation till betalningssystem. Vidare avser studien att redogöra för hur dessa barriärer påverkar svenska konsumenters köpintention vid e-handel mellan företag och konsument. Detta utförs via en kvalitativ undersökning baserat på semi-strukturerade intervjuer utifrån ett konsumentperspektiv. Slutsatserna visar bland annat att e-handelsföretag och utvecklare bör lägga stor vikt på att tillgodose flera betalningsalternativ, ta stor hänsyn till god användbarhet, tillgodose någon form av säkerhetsfunktion, exempelvis BankID samt tydliggöra information om betalningsprocessen. Utöver detta finns en stark relation mellan konsumenternas förtroende för företaget och konsumenternas förtroende gentemot betalningssystemet. / E-commerce appears in a great time of growth and there's no clear indications of decrement. An important factor in e-commerce is the payment and the payment process. A well-functioning payment system is very important for companies operating in e-commerce to compete within the increasingly competitive market. Despite the fact that e-commerce is becoming more widespread every year there are still barriers that creates uncertainty and inconvenience for customers regarding the payment and the payment process. 38 % of Swedish customers have once canceled a purchase, where the most common reason refers to that they couldn't pay the way they wanted. If a potential customer have reached the payment itself it would be very unfortunate if the customer cut off the purchase due to the payment solution. The purpose with this study is to account for various factors and eventual barriers in the context of payment that affect customers. Furthermore, the study intends to present and explain how these barriers affect Swedish customers´ purchase intention. This is conducted through a qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews from a customer perspective. The conclusions show that e-commerce companies and payment system developers should focus on to accommodate multiple payment system choices, good usability, accommodate some kind of security function, i.e. BankID and clarify information regarding the payment process. In addition, there is a strong relationship between customers trust in the company and customers trust in the payment system.

Thesis deals with analysis of payment instruments and systems in Czech republic during online shopping and how czech residents perceive them. In the first part is defined e-commerce and jurisdiction of payment systems. Then e-wallets (Paypal, Skrill and Czech alternative PaySec) are described. After that thesis deals with payment buttons and closely related payment agregators(PayU, Agmo, GoPay). Subsequently aquiring of credit cards is delineated. Last section of theoretical part of thesis deals with new method - payments with mobile phones (Mobito, MasterCard Mobile. In second part of thesis - practical part, there is analysed (with the help of primary survey and other provide surveys) actual situation of relation of czech residents to electronic payment instruments and systems focusing on which method are they using while shopping online and how they perceive security of this systems and instruments.

Inspired by the digital revolution to the financial industry, the discussion around central bank digital currency also attract attention from academics and central banks. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) is also researching on China’s CBDC: digital currency electronic payment (DCEP) and announced that DCEP would be issued as soon as possible.  However, the PBOC does not systematically disclose the information of DCEP. The characteristics and mechanism design are still obscured and need to be explored deeply. This thesis analysed the classification and mechanism design choices of DCEP from the perspective of two different demands: general demand and central bank demand. Based on pragmatism philosophy, we use a mixed-methods approach that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Through the interview and surveys, we identified the demands from the PBOC and the general public in China and the characteristics of DCEP from official claims. Then generate the design choices via the money flower and the pyramid of CBDC models and compare the result with the demand. The analysis shows that the DCEP belongs to type B general-purpose CB digital tokens, and it would adopt a complex multi-layer hybrid architecture design, with the support from both DLT and conventional way. In conclusion, the current mechanism design choices can meet the demands from each side to a certain extent and reached a delicate balance under the trade-off between privacy and security issues. This thesis provides an insightful view on the classification and design choices of DCEP, fulfils the lack of systematic research relating to the demand and design choices of DCEP, and reveals the public’s insufficient knowledge in DCEP.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate young Swedish consumers attitudes towards electronic payments.  To answer this purpose, two research questions were formulated: What factors influence young adults' attitudes towards electronic payment? How can young adults' attitudes towards electronic payment be described?  Method  As for the quantitative part, questionnaires have been used to collect data which have then been analyzed by using regression analyzes. For the qualitative part, in-depth interviews have been used to describe young adults' attitudes and acceptance of electronic payment. Result The results of the study showed that there were various factors that had an impact on young adults' attitudes and acceptance of using electronic payment. The factors that were correlated to age were Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, risk, safety. Young adults' attitudes towards electronic payment were very positive and the respondents had a great acceptance of new forms of electronic payments. What the study has also concluded is that other people's influence had a small effect on other individual's attitude towards the usage of electronic payment. Factors that had a major impact on young adults' attitudes towards electronic payments was safety, speed, and ease of use. / Sammanfattning Syfte Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka unga svenska konsumenters attityder till digitala betalningsmedel. För att besvara syftet upprättades två forskningsfrågor:  Hur kan faktorer som påverkar unga vuxnas attityder till digitala betalningsmedel beskrivas? Hur kan unga vuxnas attityder till digitala betalningsmedel beskrivas?   Metod Både en kvalitativ metod och kvalitativ metod har använts, en så kallad triangulering. Vad gäller den kvantitativa delen så har enkäter använts för att samla in data som sedan har analyserats med hjälp av regressionsanalyser. För den kvalitativa delen användes djupintervjuer för att beskriva unga vuxnas attityder och acceptans till digitala betalningsmedel.  Resultat Studiens resultat visade att det fanns olika faktorer som hade en påverkan på unga vuxnas attityder och acceptans till att använda digitala betalningsmedel. De faktorer som hade ett samband med ålder var upplevd användarvänlighet, upplevd enkelhet att använda, risk- samt säkerhetsaspekter. Unga vuxnas attityder till digitala betalningsmedel var mycket positiva och respondenterna hade en stor acceptans till nya digitala betalningsmedel. Vad studien även har kommit fram till är att andra människors inflytande hade en liten inverkan på individens attityd till att använda digitala betalningsmedel. Faktorer som hade en stor påverkan på unga vuxnas attityder och användande var säkerhet, snabbhet och användarvänlighet.