A presente investigação tem por objetivo central compreender as causas da formação da lavoura cafeeira nos engenhos do Oeste Paulista. Optou-se por concentrar os esforços analíticos na região de Campinas, que se considera ter sido a porta de entrada para o restante do interior paulista, em que a nova cultura pôde estabelecer-se, ainda que de maneira incipiente, a partir já da segunda metade da década de 1820. Especificamente, adotou-se como unidade de observação o produtor pertencente às famílias mais distintas da região, sobretudo que em algum momento de sua trajetória produtiva tenha sido possuidor de ao menos 50 escravos. / The present investigation aims to comprehend the causes for the making of coffee plantations in the West Paulista. It has been decided to concentrate the analytical efforts in the region of Campinas, considered to be the gateway for the rest of the interior of São Paulo, where the new culture could establish, even if incipiently, since the second half of the 1820s. Specifically, it was adopted as a unit of observation the producer belonging to the wealthiest families of the region, especially the one that at some point in his trajectory owned at least 50 slaves.

Syfte och frågeställningar Elitidrottare har lyfts fram som vår tids kanske främsta förebilder, framför allt för barn och unga. Samtidigt vet vi inte mycket om hur de ser på sina liv eller hur de mår, däremot vet vi att elitidrottskontexten ställer nästan omänskliga krav på utövaren. Studien utforskar vad livskvalitet innebär för svenska elitidrottare och vill bidra till ökad kunskap kring elitidrottarna och den kontext de verkar i, men även till kunskap om vad idén om idrottens fostran av barn och unga innebär. Vad är livskvalitet för en svensk elitidrottare? Vad påverkar en svensk elitidrottares upplevelse av livskvalitet? Metod Studien vilar på fenomenologisk filosofi och metod och utforskar fenomenet livskvalitet och den mening det innebär (”vad är livskvalitet?”) för svenska elitidrottare. Ostrukturerade djupintervjuer med öppna frågor har genomförts med åtta elitidrottare (fem kvinnor och tre män), vilka hade en medelålder på 25,5 år. Resultat Upplevelsen av livskvalitet beskrevs av deltagarna som bestående av två delar: Upplevelser i stunden och rätt förutsättningar. Samtliga deltagare beskrev själva idrottssatsningen som en viktig del av livskvalitet och uttryckte någon form av tacksamhet i samband med denna möjlighet. För att uppleva livskvalitet i och med idrottssatsning krävs det, enligt samtliga deltagare, att man 1) har ett övergripande mål som går ut på “att bli så bra som jag kan bli” samt att man 2) har en plan som har en koppling till det övergripande målet och som ger en känsla av ”att veta var man är på väg”. Det som tydligast träder fram som gemensamt i deltagarnas berättelser om upplevd livskvalitet är dock 3) känslan av att vara på väg i riktning mot idrottssatsningens övergripande mål. Denna känsla beskrivs som en strävan: En känsla av tillit till den egna kroppen och dess förmågor vilket leder till en upplevelse av att vara i rörelse på väg mot det övergripande målet. Strävan beskrivs även som en bekräftelse på att faktiskt vara i rörelse mot det övergripande målet i och med en upplevelse av att ha presterat. Det som i huvudsak påverkade deltagarnas upplevelse och erfarenhet av livskvalitet var deras ekonomiska förutsättningar, deras nära relationer och i vilken utsträckning deras idrott var en del av deras identitet. Slutsats Essensen i svenska elitidrottares upplevelse av livskvalitet är känslan av, och bekräftelsen på, att vara på väg mot sitt övergripande mål som är ”att bli så bra som jag kan bli, i min idrott”. Förslag på område för fortsatt forskning och diskussion är förebilden elitidrottarens funktion och eventuella samhällsnytta mot bakgrund av att det centrala i det goda livet för elitidrottaren är strävan och prestation; vad innebär det exempelvis för barn och unga? / Aim Elite athletes have been presented as the foremost role models for children and young people today. At the same time the personal lives of these elite athletes, their view of life and their well-being have remained unexplored. We do know, however, that the elite sport context places very high physical, psychological and social demands on the athlete. By exploring what ”the good life” means to these role models, we not only gain knowledge about the elite athletes and the context in which they operate, but also knowledge about society's idea of sport as an educator. With the intention of increasing the understanding of their reality the elite athlete’s own experience of “the good life” has been studied by letting them share their experiences of quality of life: What are Swedish elite athletes’ perceptions of quality of life? Furthermore, which factors affects Swedish elite athletes’ experiences of quality of life? Method This study draws upon the theory and methodology of phenomenological philosophy. Within this context, the study explores the essence of “quality of life” amongst Swedish elite athletes. In order to do this, open and unstructured interviews have been conducted with eight female and male athletes who had an average age of 25.5 years. Results Perceived quality of life was described by participants as consisting of two parts: Experiences in the moment and the right conditions. All participants described their sports career as an important part of their vision of quality of life and expressed gratitude associated with this opportunity. To experience quality of life, the findings in this study suggests that it is required that you 1) have an overall goal that sets out to "be as good as I can be", and that you 2) have a plan to achieve this overall goal which provides a sense of "knowing where I'm going". The most distinct theme and common denominator which emerged in all participants’ stories about perceived quality of life, however, is 3) the feeling of being on your way in the direction of ”being as good as I can possibly be”. This feeling is described as a pursuit, as a body related confidence and as being in motion towards the overall goal. It is also described as an experience of having achieved. The main factors that influenced the participants' experiences and their quality of life were the economic conditions, their close relations and the extent to which their sport was a part of their identity. Conclusions Swedish elite athletes describe quality of life as having an overall goal, a plan for how to get there and, above all, a sense of being on their way towards that overall goal. The elite athletes’ perceptions of quality of life were furthermore affected by economic conditions, close relationships and sport identity. Suggested areas for further research and discussion include the function of, and the potential societal benefits emanating from, elite athletes as role models. Based on the knowledge that the essence of quality of life for elite athletes is “the pursuit” and “the achievement”; what are the consequences?

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Megalithic Funerary Structures in Huari ComplexBetween 1995 and 1997 the Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga studied several prehistoric monuments in the Ayacucho Valley region, especially the ruins of Huari, that included an examination of the condition of architectural remains as well as the recovery of artifacts. As a result of this work new information about megalithic funerary architecture has been collected, consisting of multi-level subterranean buildings, one resembling the outline of a camelid, that surely served as tombs for individuals of great social status. These structures belong to the moment of maximum urban development and political expansion of Huari, that dominated the Central Andes during the 7th through 10th centuries. These funerary structures demonstrate advanced knowledge of stone construction by specialists of the Ayacucho area, who were influenced not only by Tiahuanaco, but also by contemporary cultures of the north-central Peruvian highlands. / Entre 1995 y 1997, la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga desarrolló labores de recuperación y puesta en valor de diversos monumentos prehispánicos, como en el complejo Huari, donde se excavaron y definieron nuevas evidencias de arquitectura megalítica de carácter funerario, con edificaciones subterráneas de varios niveles, algunas con plantas que evocan figuras de camélidos y cámaras funerarias para personajes de alto rango social. Estas son atribuidas a la época de máximo desarrollo urbano y expansión territorial del imperio Huari, el que dominó los Andes centrales entre los siglos VII y X d.C. Las estructuras en mención expresan un elevado conocimiento de la tecnología constructiva en piedra y probablemente fueron hechas por especialistas ayacuchanos que debieron recibir influencia no sólo de Tiahuanaco, sino también de otras culturas coetáneas de la sierra nor-central peruana.

This Master Thesis was written at the Graduate Program in History (UFSM) and its main topic is the power relations and the support for the 1964 Civil-Military Coup from the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, the research subject is the Legislature elected to State Parliament in 1962 – which was in its mandate in 1964 – and whose members we consider as Rio Grande do Sul political elite. We seek to analyze the political positioning by Assembly members regarding the political process experienced in Brazil in the 1960s; therefore, profiles of the parliamentarians were created, as well as a comparison between profiles of both groups: in opposition of the Coup and in support of the Coup. Therewith, we intend to show the profiles of the civilian supporters of the Coup, besides the profiles of the ones in opposition. In order to do this, two methodologies were used in different moments: prosopography, which was used to create the profiles of the parliamentarians, and sources, which were the parliamentarians‟ records, acquired at Memorial do Rio Grande do Sul, Correio do Povo and Zero Hora newspapers and the Brazilian Biographical-Historical Dictionary. Besides, content analysis was the methodology used for the examination of the political debate in the Assembly Annals. / A presente dissertação foi realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, do Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da UFSM e tem por tema as relações de poder e o apoio ao Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964 na Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul. Devido a isso, tem-se por objeto de pesquisa a Legislatura eleita em 1962 – e que por conta disso estava no exercício de seu mandato em 1964 – para o Parlamento Estadual, cujos membros consideramos como elite política gaúcha. Procura-se analisar as posições políticas tomadas pelos membros da Assembleia frente ao processo político vivido pelo Brasil na década de 1960, mais especificamente em relação ao Golpe de 1964; foi realizada, assim, a elaboração de um perfil dos parlamentares da legislatura, bem como a comparação entre o perfil dos dois grupos que se formaram na oposição e no apoio ao Golpe. Pretende-se com isso, demonstrar o perfil dos civis que apoiaram o Golpe, além do perfil dos que se opuseram, para além das filiações partidárias. Para tanto, duas metodologias foram utilizadas em momentos distintos: a prosopografia foi empregada para a elaboração do perfil dos parlamentares, e as fontes desse momento da pesquisa foram as fichas parlamentares do Memorial do Legislativo do RS, edições dos jornais Correio do Povo e Zero Hora e o Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Brasileiro; de outra parte a análise de conteúdo foi a metodologia empregada para o exame do debate político nos Anais da Assembleia.

Inca or Spanish? The Identities of Paullu Topa IncaPaullu Topa Inca tends to be described, in modern historiography, as a traitor to his own people. This judgement misrepresents the circumstances of his life as perceived during the sixteenth century. During his own life time, he was indeed respected by many Spaniards, but Incas and andean people also regarded him as a man of very great authority and worth. After his death, the complex events of the invasion and conquest in which Paullu Topa Inca participated were streamlined into a smooth narrative that fitted in with the perspective of the winning side in the civil wars of the conquest period, and that became canonical once the viceregal state was established. The old men who at century’s end remembered Paullu Topa Inca did so as part of their own memories of their childhood and youth. / En la historiografía moderna, Paullu Topa Inca aparece como traidor de su gente. Este juicio da una imagen falsa de las circunstancias de su vida como la representaron sus contemporáneos. Durante su existencia, muchos españoles lo respetaron, y los incas y la gente andina lo miraron como hombre de gran autoridad y valía. Después de muerto, los sucesos complejos de invasión y conquista en los que Paullu Topa Inca participó fueron transformados en una narrativa llana y sencilla, según las ideas del partido victorioso en las guerras civiles. Esta narrativa se hizo canónica, una vez que se estableció el Estado virreinal. Los viejos que recordaban a Paullu Topa Inca lo hicieron en el contexto de sus propias memorias de niñez y juventud.

Chronology of Wari Contact and Close EncountersDetailed stylistic analysis is very important in determining indicators of social interaction that can occur at various levels of society. In the Andes, the distances between distinct populations do not present a problem for social interaction such as trade. Stylistic analysis provides a more detailed sequence of social events and within shorter time spans than radiocarbon dating. The previous emphasis on comparing Wari and Tiwanaku societies has been within the ceremonial art that was probably controlled by the leadership of the elite. Ceremonial art can provide some indicators of social interaction, but probably not with more common activities such as trade or migrations that accompanied the expansion of the religious cults of Wari and Tiwanaku. By applying Menzel's model of stylistic analysis that includes ceremonial, elite and more common pottery to the Tiwanaku artistic expression and by combining the Tiwanaku IV and V phases, perhaps we can discover more indicators that document an ancient and active social interaction between these two populations. / Un detallado análisis estilístico es muy importante para poder determinar indicadores de la interacción social, los que pueden darse en varios niveles de la sociedad. En los Andes, las distancias geográficas entre diferentes poblaciones no impiden interacciones como el comercio. El análisis estilístico proporciona una secuencia más detallada de eventos sociales y de lapsos temporales más cortos que la que se basa en fechados radiocarbónicos. En comparaciones previas entre las sociedades Wari y Tiwanaku, el énfasis se ha puesto en el arte ceremonial, probablemente controlado por la elite. Este arte ceremonial puede proporcionar algunos indicadores de interacción social, pero probablemente no sirve para definir actividades más comunes tales como el comercio o las migraciones que acompañaron a la expansión de los cultos religiosos de Wari y Tiwanaku. Aplicando el modelo de análisis estilístico de Menzel -que incluye a la alfarería ceremonial, la de elite y la más común- a la expresion artística tiwanaku, y combinando las fases Tiwanaku IV y V, tal vez se pueda descubrir más indicadores que documenten una antigua y activa interacción social entre estas dos poblaciones.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-04-18T14:38:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Antonio de Oliveira Ramos Filho.pdf: 569702 bytes, checksum: 63c6814d4aae8118f420c70f566ad50c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T14:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Antonio de Oliveira Ramos Filho.pdf: 569702 bytes, checksum: 63c6814d4aae8118f420c70f566ad50c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / The relative age effect on sports has already been proven in several modalities and countries, in which athletes born in the initial months of each year have a competitive advantage in physical and psychological maturation compared to those born in the final months. This phenomenon occurs due to mistakes in the decision making of coaches and managers during the selection and promotion of the most talented athletes. However, there are indications that there may be a reverse effect of relative age, where the athletes born at the end of the year reach the adult category with higher technical quality, higher sports performance and higher market value than athletes born earlier in the year. This study analyzes the existence of the reverse relative age effect, based on market value and sports performance in a sample of Brazilian professional soccer athletes from the clubs of the Brazilian Championship 2015 – First Division. The data were collected in the database www.transfermarkt.pt and were analyzed by parametric linear regression and non-parametric chi-square test. The results indicate that the reverse relative age effect was demonstrated in relation to sports performance, but not in relation to market value. This study has the potential to contribute to the conceptual understanding of the phenomenon and to support better decisions in a management environment perspective of coaches and managers. Focusing on the Brazilian context, as an empirical context, contributes to the line of research on these phenomena in the field of sports management in the Brazilian academy and the training of new athletes. / O efeito da idade relativa nos esportes já foi comprovado em diversas modalidades e países, em que atletas nascidos nos meses iniciais de cada ano têm uma vantagem competitiva em maturação física e psicológica comparativamente aos nascidos nos meses finais. Este fenômeno ocorre devido aos erros na tomada de decisão de treinadores e dirigentes durante a seleção e promoção dos atletas mais talentosos. No entanto, há indícios que pode haver um efeito reverso da idade relativa, em que os atletas nascidos no final do ano chegam à categoria adulta com maior qualidade técnica, maior desempenho esportivo e maior valor de mercado que os atletas nascidos no início do ano. Este estudo analisa a existência do efeito reverso da idade relativa, com base no valor de mercado e no desempenho esportivo numa amostra de atletas brasileiros profissionais de futebol dos clubes do Campeonato Brasileiro 2015 – Série A. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados www.transfermarkt.pt e foram analisados pelo teste paramétrico de regressão linear e pelo teste não paramétrico qui-quadrado. Os resultados indicam que o efeito reverso da idade relativa foi comprovado em relação ao desempenho esportivo, mas não em relação ao valor de mercado. Este estudo tem potencial para contribuir na compreensão conceitual do fenômeno e de apoiar melhores decisões numa perspectiva de foro gerencial dos treinadores e gestores. Ao focar o contexto brasileiro, como contexto empírico, contribui-se para a linha de pesquisa sobre estes fenômenos no campo da gestão de esportes na academia brasileira e da formação de novos atletas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A elite polÃtica cearense, na dÃcada de 1870, passa por mudanÃas em sua composiÃÃo e representaÃÃo como tambÃm muda em termos de discurso e aÃÃo. Ela à parte ativa de um processo que marca significativamente esse perÃodo, que pode ser representado pela expansÃo agrÃcola do algodÃo, pela proximidade da provÃncia com o mercado internacional, pela discussÃo acerca da Lei do Ventre Livre e pelas provaÃÃes provocadas pela polÃtica-crise e pela seca-crise. A elite polÃtica cearense acomodava-se nos cargos eletivos de maior importÃncia e nos altos cargos do executivo, e travava uma batalha aguerrida optando pela hoste liberal ou conservadora. A batalha tinha uma arena privilegiada, a imprensa. Os assuntos preferidos dos debates eram a polÃtica, o governo e a associaÃÃo imprÃpria do pÃblico com o privado. Ao final da dÃcada de 1870, os debates polÃticos se voltaram para a polÃtica-crise e para a seca-crise que durante trÃs anos, 1877-79, assolou a provÃncia do Cearà e outras do norte do ImpÃrio. A seca provocou uma relaÃÃo diferenciada entre a provÃncia do Cearà e o governo imperial. Devido a essa proximidade diferenciada entre o nacional e o provincial, imagens e espaÃos comeÃaram a ser definidos, marcando a elite, o povo e suas relaÃÃes sociais, polÃticas e econÃmicas. A elite polÃtica cearense, para orientar suas aÃÃes, articula-se e opta por um discurso estratÃgico que ressaltava a crise. / The political elite of CearÃ, in the decade of 1870, suffer changes in its composition and representation and changes in terms of speech and action as well. It is an active part of a process that marks significantly this period, that can be represented by the agricultural expansion of cotton, by the proximity of the province with the international market, by the quarrel concerning the Law of the Free Belly and by the trials provoked by the politics-crisis and the drought-crisis. The political elite of Cearà was accomodated in the most important elective posts and in the high posts of the executive, and joined a warlike battled choosing the liberal or the conservative troop. The battle had a privileged stage, the press. The favorite subjects of the debates were politics, the government and the unsuitable association of the public thing with the private one. At the end of the decade of 1870, the political discussions turned on the politics-crisis and the drought-crisis that during three years, 1877-79, devastated the province of Cearà and others of the north of the Empire. The drought provoked a differentiated relationship between the province of Cearà and the imperial government. Due to this differentiated proximity between the national thing and the provincial, images and spaces begun to be defined, marking the social elite, the people and its social, economical and political relations. The political elite of CearÃ, to guide its action, articulates itself and chooses a strategic speech that emphasized the crisis.