Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-09T13:11:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandro Ribeiro de Morais - 2014.pdf: 2129232 bytes, checksum: 5d68ebb0d660653aee9fe82ab86a6237 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-09T14:13:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandro Ribeiro de Morais - 2014.pdf: 2129232 bytes, checksum: 5d68ebb0d660653aee9fe82ab86a6237 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-09T14:13:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Alessandro Ribeiro de Morais - 2014.pdf: 2129232 bytes, checksum: 5d68ebb0d660653aee9fe82ab86a6237 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Acoustic signals are a key element in social interactions in anuran amphibians. Accordingly, different types of vocalizations can be emitted in specific social contexts. Thus, this study investigated the influence of conspecific individuals on the vocal behavior of Hypsiboas goianus. Field observations and playback experiments were conducted at the Silvânia National Forest, Silvânia, Goiás, central Brazil, in the breeding season between 2011 and 2013. We used playback experiments of pre-recorded advertisement calls to test the influence of conspecific calls on the acoustic behavior of males of H. goianus. We found that males change their acoustic behavior after stimulation by conspecifics calls. Specifically, males decrease the interval between calls, the emission rate of advertisement calls, and the duration of pulses. Additionally, we tested whether males of H. goianus use acoustic signals to discriminate large- from small-sized conspecifics. We used an experimental approach with playbacks of synthetic advertisement calls built with different dominant frequencies. We used calls with low frequency (3,123 Hz) to simulate large-sized individuals, and calls with high frequency (3,573 Hz) to simulate small-sized individuals. Males of H. goianus significantly altered their acoustic behavior in response to high-frequency calls by shortening the duration and emission rate of advertisement calls, but increasing the duration and number of pulses of the short aggressive call. Conversely, there were no changes in the acoustic behavior of males when stimulated by low-frequency advertisement calls. Finally, we tested whether males of H. goianus respond less aggressively to close neighbors than unknown intruders. To test this, we used playback experiments to stimulate males of H. goianus with calls of both adjacent neighbors and distant individuals. However, there was no change in the acoustic behavior of males. Our results show that males of H. goianus not only modify their acoustic behavior in 13 response to conspecific males, but also asses their competitors by using acoustic signals. Thus, the acoustic plasticity of males of H. goianus not only maximizes signal transmission, but also overcome the acoustic interference of conspecifics. / As interações sociais em anfíbios anuros são mediadas principalmente pelos sinais acústicos. Neste contexto, os indivíduos apresentam diferentes tipos de vocalizações, que podem ser emitidas em contextos sociais específicos. Desta forma, este estudo investigou a influência de indivíduos coespecíficos no comportamento vocal de Hypsiboas goianus. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, município de Silvânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Primeiramente, para testar a influência de cantos coespecíficos no comportamento acústico de machos de H. goianus, utilizamos experimentos de playback a partir de cantos de anúncio gravados previamente. Neste contexto, observamos que os machos alteram seu comportamento acústico, uma vez que estes indivíduos, ao serem estimulados por cantos coespecíficos, diminuem o intervalo entre cantos, taxa de emissão de cantos de anúncio e duração dos pulsos dos cantos de anúncio. Adicionalmente, testamos se os machos de H. goianus utilizam os sinais acústicos para discriminar o tamanho corporal entre indivíduos coespecíficos. Para tal, utilizamos uma abordagem experimental em que realizamos experimentos de playback a partir de cantos de anúncio sintéticos com diferentes valores de frequência dominante. Assim, para simular indivíduos com grande tamanho corporal utilizamos cantos com baixa frequência (3123 Hz), enquanto os cantos com alta frequência (3573 Hz) simularam indivíduos com pequeno tamanho corporal. Os machos de H. goianus testados alteraram significantemente o comportamento acústico em resposta aos experimentos de alta frequência, uma vez que diminuem a duração e a emissão do canto de anúncio, porém aumentam a duração e o número de pulsos do canto agressivo curto. Por outro lado, não observamos alterações no comportamento acústico dos machos quando estes foram estimulados por cantos de anúncio de baixa frequência dominante. Finalmente, testamos se machos de H. goianus respondem menos 11 agressivamente a indivíduos coespecíficos que sejam vizinhos próximos do que a intrusos desconhecidos. Neste contexto, utilizamos experimentos de playback para estimular os machos de H. goianus com cantos dos vizinhos adjacentes e também de indivíduos distantes. No entanto, não observamos qualquer alteração no comportamento acústico dos machos testados. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que os machos de H. goianus são capazes de alterar o comportamento acústico em resposta a machos coespecíficos e, adicionalmente, tais indivíduos podem discriminar os seus respectivos competidores a partir dos sinais acústicos. Assim, a plasticidade acústica apresentada por machos de H. goianus é um mecanismo que maximiza a transmissão dos sinais por estes indivíduos e, consequentemente, superar a interferência acústica causada por coespecíficos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Humberto Barrionuevo Fabretti.pdf: 692927 bytes, checksum: 18f5d1d08d2fa2ea3d9ac4894ac4be24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-17 / This work has as main theme the analysis of the Enemy´s Criminal Law theory reformulated by Günther Jakobs. For both, there was an examination of theories of Penalty and located to the Criminal Funcionalism of Jakobs among the theories of General Positive Prevention. Done this, it is analyzed the characteristics and fundamentals of the Enemy´s Criminal Law and its insertion in phenomenon known as Expansion of the Criminal Law. Subsequently, it was made a study of philosophical assumptions that underpin this doctrine, especially as regards the ideas of Rousseau, Ficthe, Hobbes and Kant. Finally, drew up the historical development of Citizenship, delimit up its content and its incompatibility with the Enemy´s Criminal Law. / O presente trabalho tem como tema principal a análise da Teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo reformulada pelo alemão Günther Jakobs. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise das Teorias da Pena e localizou-se o Funcionalismo Penal de Jakobs entre as teorias da Prevenção Geral Positiva. Feito isso, analizou-se as características e fundamentos do Direito Penal do Inimigo, bem como a sua inserção no fenômeno conhecido como Expansão do Direito Penal. Posteriormente, fez-se um estudo dos pressupostos filosóficos que sustentam a referida doutrina, especialmente no que se refere às idéias de Rousseau, Ficthe, Hobbes e Kant. Por fim, traçou-se o desenvolvimento histórico da Cidadania, delimitou-se seu conteúdo e conclui-se pela sua incompatibilidade com o Direito Penal do Inimigo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Getulio_ Jorge_Stefanello Junior.pdf: 895486 bytes, checksum: 78fe24852bbdb8415d617c67dc1a9b39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / The selectivity of 64 pesticides registered to the culture were assessed to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley , 1879................... / Avalio-se a seletividade de 64 agrotoxicos registrados para a cultura do milho a Trichogramma pretiosum , 1879.............

John A. Warden III is renowned as one of the theorists closest to devising a new paradigm in air power. His praised theory about the enemy as a system has showed applicable on terrorist organizations amongst other areas. The most recent developed domain for warfare is the so-called “cyberspace”. There is an on-going debate concerning the importance and definition of this domain and furthermore what potential and challenges it withholds as a future arena for warfare. Some claims that a cyberattack can’t be seen as an act of war due to its lack of physical violence. Previous research show however a lack in application of theories within this domain. This thesis therefore aims to examine to which extent Warden’s theory of the enemy as a system could be applied to the cyberattack known as Stuxnet. Results show that Warden’s theory have some applicatory power on the cyberattack Stuxnet, although primarily in an indirect aspect. This study therefore shows an ability concerning the theory’s applicatory power on other areas than air power. The findings of the research regarding previous arguments about cyberwar also states that a cyberattack now could be seen as physical violent. / <p><strong>Uppsatsen skriven VT 2017 under Termin 4 Officersprogrammet 15-18 med inriktning </strong><strong>mot flyg. Examen genomförs VT 2018.</strong></p>

The use of Private Military Companies (PMCs) has become an increasingly common feature of contemporary armed conflict. Because of their autonomous contractual status, PMCs have presented governments with problems of accountability on several levels, including violations of international human rights and humanitarian law (IHL) standards. This thesis argues that PMCs should be considered to be non-state actors (NSAs), subject to international law from both an International Relations Theory and a Legal Theory perspective. This conclusion is linked to the issue of whether individual PMC employees can be treated as legitimate combatants according to IHL. State practice has not led to a clear understanding of the definition of combatant, a problem which has been compounded by a lack of government policy on the use of PMCs. Using Canadian experience as a case study, the thesis concludes that IHL suggests two options for regularizing the status of PMCs which would both strengthen accountability and uphold the rule of law.

The United States' enemy image of North Korea has been on its political agenda since the Korean war. Weapons of mass destruction has, since the Cold War, shown the complexity it brings on conflictual interests and decision-makers persuading efforts. Enemy image, per se, brings difficulties in achieving cooperation, substantially when both parties contempt high levels of enmity. However, the newly established U.S.-DPRK relationship brings hope for cooperative possibilities regarding denuclearization on the Korean peninsula. The relationship between Donald Trump and Kim Jong-Un is not based on trust, instead, it is dependent on the concrete steps taken by the other. The enemy image of North Korea has been settled on the U.S. political agenda firmly because of the principles regarding denuclearization and security. The enemy image is also an important factor to consider when examining political agendas, since the changing dynamics are dependent on how state A interpret state B and vice versa. What has articulated the dynamics of the U.S. enemy image against North Korea? and how has its enemy image changed? To answer the question at issue, a theory consumption of Eriksson and Noreen’s explanatory model is necessary. Which consists of context-dependent external and informal factors that will contribute different but coherent hypotheses.

According to NATO Review, in 2013 it was estimated that over 97% of the world's telecommunications were transmitted via the internet and that this was a growing trend. This essentiality for communication means that information systems have become a natural target and point of attack in military actions and planning. This thesis aims to test the possibility to apply the theory of The enemy as a system and the concentric five-ring modeldeveloped by air force theorist Jon A. Warden III, to the cyber arena. To achieve this aim, the thesis presents a qualitative text analysis of seven different sources describing NotPetya. The targets and effects of the cyber attack are evaluated based upon the concentric five-ring model and the concept of parallel attack. The results of the analysis shows that Warden's theory is highly applicable to the case of NotPetya. This in turn could point to the theory’s applicability to the cyber domain and to strategic operations in cyberspace. However no major conclusions of generalizability can be drawn.

Strategic bombing was introduced as an idea in the early 20th century and became debated in its first use during the first world war. John Warden, a modern proponent for strategic bombing, puts forth the idea that the introduction of precision-guided-munitions allows for strategic bombing to be a viable and more importantly the optimal use for airpower in armed conflicts today. Warden markets his theory, the enemy as a system, as a method that allows airpower to be deployed and alone be able to achieve strategic effects and win wars. Skeptics to this idea argue that empirical evidence shows that modern strategic bombing does not produce strategic effects that wins wars therefor making it inferior to other methods of employing airpower. Because the debate is heavily focused on the strategic level, the lower levels becomes neglected. This essay will test Wardens theory on the operational level of war with the purpose to examine what effects, if not strategic, are generated at the operational level and how it affects an offensive and defensive actor of a war. The results will aim to answer whether John Wardens theory of strategic bombing generates effect and is a viable method for airpower for the operational level of warfare.

The period of late Stalinism (1948-1953) witnessed sharp rise of anti-Jewish animosity and discrimination from the part of the Soviet regime. These tensions were caused by both domestic factors (ideological diversification of Soviet intellectual elite, escalation of Jewish nationalism, struggle for power among highest nomenclature) as well as international factors (transformation of the Soviet-Israeli relations, rise of the Cold War). The thesis analyzes, how these circumstances were reflected at that time. Therefore it tries to identify, how the image of "The Jude" was formed by the Soviet propaganda and how it changed in the given time period. As a general framework for this analysis the concept of "The Enemy" will serve which is considered to be one of the basic elements of totalitarian ideologies. The thesis examines by means of semiotic method two significant propaganda campaigns of that period, namely campaign against the "cosmopolitism" in January - March 1949 and campaign accompanying "The Doctors' Plot" during January - March 1953. It would try to identify, how the image of "The Enemy" was connected at that time with the notion of "The Jew".

No description available.