Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreMoraes.pdf: 3285095 bytes, checksum: a9618ae3404e8033c5dedbf7e22f7ea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-05 / This work aims to analyze the theory of the Enemy Criminal Law in the light of the conception and methodology of GÜNTHER JAKOBS. It is the most controversial Criminal Policy of current times, but has been gradually entwining itself with rules, jurisprudence and legislations based on the classic-illuminist model. In order to assess legitimacy of a Criminal Law of such nature, which legal scholars have called the third pace of Criminal Law , we initially pointed out some traces of the context of the post-industrial society and outlined the new criminal claims of the modern world, with a clear-cut intention to show that the complexity of the contemporary society has been, for a long time, imposing changes on the criminal dogmatics, even prior to the formalization of JAKOBS concept. Based on the acknowledged complexity of modern society, we presented NIKLAS LUHMANN s systems theory, which was JAKOBS point of departure for the theoretical construction of his Law of Normality The Citizen s Criminal Law . By praising the functional distinction of (Political, Economic, Legal etc.) systems, LUHMANN advocates that the function of Law would be that of consistently stabilizing standardized expectations. This would be precisely the primary function of the penalty advocated by JAKOBS systemic functionalism. Thus, through the presentation of the systemic functionalism s new paradigms, it is possible to understand the theory of punishment in the Citizen s Criminal Law , which JAKOBS calls positive general prevention . By analyzing the conceptions about the purpose of punishment and once we finally outlined an overview of the Criminal Law of Normality, whose primary function is that of reaffirmation of Law itself in such a way as to ensure the configuration of society, we formally present his theory of the Enemy Criminal Law , with an indication of origin, concept, meaning, philosophical construal, normative distinction between person and enemy and, above all, we outlined their major features, emphasizing the role of early relief in Criminal Law, the use of disproportionate punishments and the relativization of criminal and procedural warranties. We furthermore stressed how the theory arose in a first plane, as a criticism in response to the discovery of criminal legislations and policies that were already making use of such parameters and, in a second plane, how the criticism turned into something held by JAKOBS as inevitable, reinforced by terrorist attacks perpetrated throughout the world. Moreover, similar precedents or institutions have been contemplated, contextualizing old and recent criminal policies to cope with ordinary and organized crime, such as those of the movements Law & Order , Zero Tolerance and the theory of broken windows , the author s Criminal Law that advocated the level of risk to the detriment of the Criminal Law of fact based on liability, the criminological classification of the perpetrator as professional , customary and by tendency , in addition to the use of safety measures to criminally imputable and dangerous individuals. The criticisms to the German jurist s conception were presented from a number of standpoints from non-compliance with Constitutional Principles to the inconsistency with JAKOBS methodological support itself so that we could eventually face the hard task to review the legitimacy of a third-pace Criminal Law in Democratic States, as well as the risks of ignoring its existence with subtle suggestions of confronting the issue on a short and long-term basis / O trabalho tem por objeto a análise da teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo , segundo a concepção e metodologia de GÜNTHER JAKOBS. Trata-se da Política Criminal de maior polêmica da atualidade, mas que vem se entrelaçando paulatinamente, em todo o mundo, com regras, princípios e legislações pautadas pelo modelo clássico-iluminista. Para se aferir a legitimidade de um Direito Penal desta natureza, denominado pela doutrina de terceira velocidade do Direito Penal , indicamos, inicialmente, alguns traços do contexto da sociedade pós-industrial e delineamos as novas demandas penais da modernidade, com a clara intenção de demonstrar que a complexidade da sociedade moderna já vem impondo, há tempos, transformações à dogmática penal, antes mesmo da formalização da concepção de JAKOBS. A partir da constatada complexidade da sociedade moderna, apresentamos a teoria dos sistemas de NIKLAS LUHMANN, ponto de partida de JAKOBS para a construção teórica de seu Direito da normalidade o Direito Penal do Cidadão . LUHMANN, preconizando a diferenciação funcional dos sistemas (Político, Econômico, Jurídico etc.), defende que a função do Direito será estabilizar congruentemente expectativas normativas. Esta será justamente a função primordial da pena defendida pelo funcionalismo de JAKOBS. Assim, apresentando os novos paradigmas do funcionalismo sistêmico, compreende-se a teoria da pena no Direito Penal do Cidadão , que JAKBOS denomina de prevenção geral positiva . Analisando-se as concepções acerca da finalidade da pena e traçado, finalmente, o panorama do Direito Penal da normalidade, cuja função primordial é a reafirmação do próprio Direito de modo a garantir a configuração da sociedade, apresentamos formalmente sua teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo , com indicação da origem, conceito, significado, construção filosófica, diferenciação normativa de pessoa e inimigo e, sobretudo, delineamos suas principais características, destacando a antecipação da tutela penal, a adoção de penas desproporcionais e a relativização de garantias penais e processuais. Ademais, acentuamos como a teoria surgiu, em um primeiro plano, como crítica diante da constatação de legislações e políticas criminais que já vinham se utilizando destes parâmetros e, em segundo lugar, como a crítica se transmudou em algo tido por JAKOBS como inevitável, reforçado pelos atentados terroristas ocorridos em todo o mundo. Além disso, antecedentes ou institutos semelhantes foram explorados, contextualizando antigas e recentes políticas criminais de enfrentamento da criminalidade comum e organizada, como o movimento Lei e Ordem , a Tolerância Zero e teoria das janelas quebradas , o Direito Penal do autor que preconizava a periculosidade em detrimento do Direito Penal do fato pautado na culpabilidade, a classificação criminológica do delinqüente como profissional , habitual e por tendência , além do uso de medidas de segurança a indivíduos penalmente imputáveis e perigosos. As críticas à concepção do jurista alemão foram apresentadas sob os mais variados enfoques do desrespeito a Princípios Constitucionais às incongruências com o próprio suporte metodológico de JAKOBS -, para, ao final, enfrentarmos a difícil tarefa de analisar a legitimidade de um Direito Penal de terceira velocidade em Estados Democráticos, assim como os riscos de se ignorar sua existência, com singelas sugestões de enfrentamento da questão a curto e médio prazo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Cristina de Souza.pdf: 914894 bytes, checksum: 6b9ebe4140c50c65ad499f759f3eba22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-10 / In order to understand the formation of the justice system and its relationship to democracy as a fundamental condition for the realization of human rights, this work aims to deepen the debate on Criminal Justice through the analysis of existing formal and informal mechanisms of social control institutes of law, from the study of historical changes related to the formation and consolidation of democratic institutions, to analyze the criminal law of postmodernity and excessive use of authoritarian repressive instruments of law in democratic States as a way to curb crime that considered an enemy of society, with the construction of the debate on the punitive power of the State and its current monopoly of violence, addressing the extent to which this is legitimized and justified in Democratic States Law / Com o objetivo de compreender a formação do Sistema de justiça e sua relação com a democracia como condição fundamental para a efetivação dos direitos humanos, este trabalho visa a aprofundar o debate sobre Justiça Criminal por meio da análise dos mecanismos formais e informais de controle social existentes nos institutos do direito, a partir do estudo das mudanças históricas relacionadas com a formação e consolidação das instituições democráticas, para se analisar o direito penal da pós-modernidade e o uso desmedido de instrumentos repressivos autoritários em Estados Democráticos de Direito como forma de conter a criminalidade daquele considerado inimigo da sociedade, com a construção do debate sobre o poder punitivo do Estado e o seu atual monopólio da violência, abordando até que ponto esta se legitima e se justifica em Estados Democráticos de Direito

No description available.

John A. Warden III is one the most mentioned air power theoretic of his time.He has written a number of theories concerning air power and the best way to use this to win wars.The author of this paper gives a short resume of what he consider are the central thoughts in John Warden´s theories. These thoughts result in four factors; Enemy as a system, centre of gravity, parallel attack/concentration and finally air superiority. These factors are then being used to inves-tigate if NATO used Wardens theories during the Kosovo war in 1999.The reason for the author to choose the Kosovo war specifically is due to the fact that NATO during the war only used air power as an instrument to get Serbia´s president Milosevic to the negotiation table but also the fact that this would turn out to be quite a challenge for NATO.The conclusion is that out of the four factors only one is traceable throughout the entire operation, and that is air superiority. Regarding the other three factors they can only be found in parts of the operation. / John A. Warden III är en av de mest omskrivna luftmaktsteoretikerna under sin tid. Han har lagt fram ett antal teorier för vad han anser är bästa sättet att använda luftmakt för att vinna krig. I uppsatsen ges en sammanfattning av vad författaren anser vara de centrala tankarna i hans teorier. Dessa utmynnar i fyra begrepp; fienden som ett system, tyngdpunktsbegreppet,parallell attack och kraftsamling samt luftrumskontroll. Dessa begrepp står sedan somutgångspunkt för en fallstudie av NATO:s luftmaktsanvändning under Kosovokriget 1999.Undersökningen syftar till att undersöka om NATO använde sig av John Wardens luftmaktsteorier under kriget.Varför författaren har valt just Kosovokriget beror bland annat på att NATO under kriget enbart använde sig av luftmakt för att få Serbiens president Milosevic till förhandlingsbordet samt att det också visade sig bli en stor prövning för dem.Slutsatsen blev att av de fyra utvalda faktorerna så var det endast en som NATO visade sig foku-sera på under hela operationen, detta var luftrumskontroll. Vad gäller de övriga tre faktorerna finner författaren att NATO använt sig av dessa i stort sett bara under slutskedet av operationen.

Invasive exotic species threaten native biodiversity, alter ecosystem structure and function, and annually cost over $100 billion in the US alone. Determining the ecological traits and interactions that affect invasion success are thus critical for predicting, preventing, and mitigating the negative effects of biological invasions. Native herbivores are widely assumed to facilitate exotic plant invasions by preferentially consuming native plants and avoiding exotic plants. Here, I use freshwater plant communities scattered broadly across the Southeastern U.S. to show that herbivory is an important force driving the ecology and evolution of freshwater systems. However, native consumers often preferentially consume rather than avoid exotic over native plants. Analyses of 3 terrestrial datasets showed similar patterns, with native herbivores generally preferring exotic plants. Thus, exotic plants appear defensively nave against these evolutionarily novel consumers, and exotic plants may escape their coevolved, specialist herbivores only to be preferentially consumed by the native generalist herbivores in their new ranges. In further support of this hypothesis, a meta-analysis of 71 manipulative field studies including over 100 exotic plant species and 400 native plant species from terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems revealed that native herbivores strongly suppressed exotic plants, while exotic herbivores enhanced the abundance and species richness of exotic plants by suppressing native plants. Both outcomes are consistent with the hypothesis that prey are susceptible to evolutionarily novel consumers. Thus, native herbivores provide biotic resistance to plant invasions, but the widespread replacement of native with exotic herbivores eliminates this ecosystem service, facilitates plant invasions, and triggers an invasional meltdown. Consequently, rather than thriving because they escape their co-evolved specialist herbivores, exotic plants may thrive because their co-evolved generalist herbivores have stronger negative effects on evolutionarily nave, native plants.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Dec 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

L’évolution des technologies de l’information et du transport a favorisé l’action transnationale du terrorisme, exigeant une réponse étatique qui prenne en considération le mouvement transfrontalier des terroristes. Cette réponse s’est traduite dans le cas les États‐Unis et de l’Espagne par l’introduction de dispositifs de lutte antiterroriste dans le droit migratoire et d’asile. Les dispositifs de lutte antiterroriste insérés aux États‐Unis sont cohérents avec la tradition migratoire interne tandis que ceux introduits par l’Espagne sont cohérents avec le droit international, par le biais de l’introduction des règles de l’UE. La doctrine internationale a aussi justifié l’adoption de ces dispositifs, invoquant les théories du contrat social et de l’exceptionnalisme souverain. Pourtant, l’introduction de ces dispositifs de lutte antiterroriste par les pays étudiés répond à un processus de confusion des buts et des moyens de lutte contre la criminalité et la migration illégale ou crimmigration. Ces dispositifs ne sont pas très efficaces pour lutter contre le terrorisme, malgré leur présence continue pendant le contrôle migratoire et le traitement des demandeurs d’asile, mais ils sont utiles pour lutter contre l’immigration illégale et préserver la «stabilité culturelle». De fait, ces dispositifs font partie d’un système sélectif de surveillance qui a impliqué la création d’un droit migratoire et d’asile «de l’ennemi», qui conçoit l’étranger comme une source de danger justifiant l’octroi d’un traitement qui le dépersonnalise, permettant à l’État d’atteindre symboliquement ses buts et, éventuellement, d’obtenir de la légitimité vis‐à‐vis de la population autochtone. / Advances in information and transportation technology support transnational terrorist action and require a state response which takes into account the transnational terrorist movement. This response resulted in, for the United States and Spain, immigration and asylum measures that are part of counter‐terrorism strategies. American migratory and asylum measures to combat terrorism are consistent with American migratory tradition and foreign policy, while Spanish measures are consistent with international law, though in conformity with European law. The international doctrine has also justified the adoption of these measures on the basis of social contract and sovereign exceptionalism theories. However, the adoption of migratory and asylum measures to combat terrorism is part of a process of criminalization of migratory law also known as crimmigration. The migratory and asylum measures undertaken to combat terrorism have not been effective in eradicating terrorism, despite their continuous presence during migration control and treatment of asylum‐seekers, though they are valuable instruments for action against illegal migration and preserving cultural "stability". In fact, they are part of a surveillance system of alien people. The construction of this system implies the creation of an "Enemy" migratory and asylum law that considers the alien as a risk to security and consequently gives the alien an exceptional treatment which results in the loss of its legal personality. This "Enemy" migratory and asylum law enables the State to symbolically achieve its goals and obtain a new source of legitimacy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Mario Buck Marzagao Barbuto.pdf: 1151069 bytes, checksum: 23df3cbb98b4fff78dd901882a324a87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / The main theme of this dissertation is the concept of person in Thomas Aquinas and the possibility of rescue metaphysics as the legal basis and limit of state action. We describe the context of Christian thought of Thomas Aquinas, specifically with regard to the concept of person in theological debate. Analyze the Thomistic philosophical anthropology, in particular the question of the image of God, clarifying the reason, the foundation and extension of human dignity, in St. Thomas thought, and its consequences in his theory of law. It´s analysed also the metaphysical and ontological consequences of actions (virtuous and vicious). It also analyzes the process of critique of metaphysics as the foundation of moral order and suggests his redemption as a way of keeping the content of the principle of human dignity, compatible with the system and constitutional values. It is suggested that it was precisely this abandonment of reference to an objective external reality, as imposed limit on the right that led toward the coherent development of the theory of Enemy´s Criminal Law. / O tema principal da presente dissertação é o conceito de pessoa em Santo Tomás de Aquino e a possibilidade de se resgatar a metafísica como fundamento do ordenamento jurídico e limite da atuação do Estado. Descreve-se o contexto cristão do pensamento de Tomás de Aquino, especificamente no que se refere ao desenvolvimento do conceito de pessoa no debate teológico. Analisa-se a antropologia filosófica tomista, em especial a questão da imagem de Deus, esclarecendo-se a razão, fundamento e extensão da dignidade humana, na concepção de Santo Tomás, além dos reflexos dessa doutrina, na teoria do direito e da política de Santo Tomás e as consequências metafísicas e ontológicas das ações (virtuosas e viciosas) dos homens. Analisa também o processo de crítica da metafísica como o fundamento da ordem moral e sugere o seu resgate, como forma de manutenção do conteúdo do princípio da dignidade humana, compatível com o sistema e valores constitucionais. Sugere-se que foi justamente esse abandono da referência a uma realidade externa objetiva, como limite imposto ao direito que levou, a final, ao desenvolvimento coerente da teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo.