Fyra analysander intervjuades om deras upplevelser av den psykoanalytiska situationen. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av EPP (empirical phenomenological psychologial) -metoden. Resultatet beskriver fenomenets meningsstruktur som en helhet och visar på den psykoanalytiska situationens generella kännetecken: den psykoanalytiska situationen som något svårfångat, som ett upprepat omprövande, som ett arbete, den präglas av konflikter och motstånd, en upplösning av tid och rum, ett möte med analytikern, ett rum för självutforskande och avslutningsvis, identitetsskapande självreflektion. Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av den psykoanalytiska situationen är något upplösande som bryter med den vanliga livsvärldsupplevelsen. Den är något irrationellt svårfångat. Resultaten visar också hur upplevelsen präglas av relationen till analytikern, hur den möter motstånd och konflikt. Avslutningsvis hur det formas något nytt genom ett prövande och utforskande meningsskapande.

nÃo hà / O presente estudo buscou verificar o reflexo do Simples Nacional na arrecadaÃÃo do Imposto sobre CirculaÃÃo de Mercadorias e ServiÃos (ICMS) das Microempresas (ME) e Empresas de Pequeno Porte (EPP) cearenses. Para tanto se utilizou dados da arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS de 43.929 contribuintes do estado do Cearà pertencentes aos setores de agropecuÃria, indÃstria, meio ambiente, comÃrcio e serviÃos referente ao perÃodo de julho de 2004 a junho de 2008. Dessa maneira, mediante o emprego do modelo âDiferenÃa em DiferenÃaâ, os dados foram estimados e subdivididos nos grupos de tratamento e controle. No grupo de tratamento enquadraram-se as empresas que realizaram a opÃÃo pelo Simples Nacional, e no grupo de controle alocaram-se as empresas que, por algum motivo, nÃo realizaram a opÃÃo por esse programa governamental. Para analisar simultaneamente os efeitos do Simples Nacional relacionados Ãs atividades e Ãs caracterÃsticas dos setores as quais as empresas pertencem, estimou-se um modelo para os setores, subsetores e segmentos. A anÃlise dos dados sugere que o impacto da implantaÃÃo do Simples Nacional na arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS das empresas investigadas varia conforme o setor ao qual a empresa pertence. / The current paper aimed to investigate the impacts of âSimples Nacionalâ taxes in the collection of ICMS from Micro-Enterprises and Small Enterprises in the state of CearÃ. The study used historical data of ICMS from 43.929 taxpayers in the State of Cearà in Agricultural, Industrial, Environmental, Trade and Service sectors from July 2004 to June 2008, and throughout the application of âDifference to Differenceâ model, estimated and subdivided in a Case-Control study. For the case group, it was selected companies that opted for âSimples Nacionalâ; for the control group, companies that did not opt for it. In order to analyze simultaneously the effect of âSimples Nacionalâ in the level of the activities and characteristics within their corresponded sectors it was applied an estimation model for sectors, subsectors and segments. The data analysis suggests that the impact of National Simples in the ICMS collection from evaluated companies varies according to each sector they are part of.

Coworking is a shared office environment for independent workers, they offer extra service in contrast to what ordinary office-hotels normally do. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe what the essence of the phenomenon of coworking is, i.e. what characteristics make coworking perceived as coworking. This has been conducted through a phenomenological method called the EPP-method. Which makes it possible to find the essence of a phenomenon. This was done through analysis of transcribed interviews. The participants were asked to tell about their experiences of being members of a coworking place and about the interaction with other members. This provided an opportunity to answer questions about what and how individuals perceive about coworking and what meaning they attribute to their experiences. The result of the study was several essences of coworking: Coworkers, Coworking Manager, Professional Diversity, Small Business, Social Rooms and Flexible Workspace. The essences are meaning content that has been found in all seven transcriptions in the study material, ie. that the participants agreed that these points are crucial for one to perceive coworking. / Coworking är delade kontorsmiljöer för fristående arbetare, de erbjuder extra service utöver vad vanliga kontorshotell, där man bara hyr ett arbetsrum, gör. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva vad essensen av fenomenet coworking är, alltså vilka kännetecken som gör att coworking uppfattas som just coworking. Detta har undersökts med en fenomenologisk metod som heter EPP-metoden, vilken gör det möjligt att hitta just essensen av ett fenomen. Detta skedde genom analys av transkriberade intervjuer där deltagarna ombads berätta om sina upplevelser av att vara medlemmar på ett coworking-ställe och om interaktionen med andra medlemmar. Detta gav möjlighet att besvara frågor om vad och hur individerna uppfattar coworking samt vilken mening de tillskriver sina upplevelser. Resultatet blev sex essenser av coworking: Coworkers, Coworkingmanager, Yrkesmångfald, Småföretag, Sociala rum och Flexibel arbetsyta. Essenserna är meningsinnehåll som funnits i alla transkriptioner i studiens material, det vill säga att deltagarna varit överens om att dessa punkter är avgörande för att man ska uppfatta coworking. Essensen Coworkers visar på behovet av en kollegial samvaro inom kontexten coworking. Essensen Sociala rum handlar istället om den fysiska avgränsningen mellan områden som innefattar arbete och områden för sociala interaktioner. Coworkingmanager är en essens därför att den rollen påverkar huruvida deltagarna upplever coworking positivt eller negativt. Småföretag visade oss vikten av att det finns flera mindre företag på coworking-ställen och att detta leder till Yrkesmångfald som också är en essens av coworking. Avslutningsvis var Flexibel arbetsyta en framträdande essens därför att det är avgörande att medlemmarnas olika förväntningar på en fysisk arbetsmiljö tillmötesgås. / <p>2022-06-08</p>

Eftersom vi båda har en positiv syn på heldagslärande tycktes det spännande att undersöka hur färdiga fritidslärares syn på och upplevelser av heldagslärande ser ut på deras arbetsplatser. Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på hur fritidslärare uttrycker sig om sin verksamhet och yrkesroll i relation till begreppet heldagslärande. Studien har utgått från följande frågeställningar;  • I vilken mån uttrycker fritidshemslärare att heldagslärande används på deras arbetsplats?  • Hur uttrycker fritidshemslärare att samarbetet mellan skola och fritidshem fungerar på sin arbetsplats? • Vilka uppfattningar har fritidshemslärare om heldagslärande? I vårt examensarbete har vi använt oss av semikvantitativa enkäter med kvalitativa inslag för att samla in empiri. Respondenterna har bestått av personal inom fritidshemmet. För att analysera resultaten har vi använt oss av den fenomenologiska analysmetoden EPP. Resultatet av studien visade att fritidslärarna uttryckte en inställning till heldagslärande var positiv men att själva samarbetet mellan fritidshemmet och den obligatoriska skolan inte alltid fungerade. Respondenterna uttryckte ofta att de upplevde det som att den obligatoriska skolan kom i första hand vilket gjorde att fritidshemmet inte fick samma prioritering. Gemensam planering med klasslärarna var också något som togs upp av fritidspersonalen och att det ansågs som något önskvärt, men att många saknade detta i sin verksamhet.

No description available.

Embedded system designers require deterministic, real-time operating system (RTOS) support for the commonly available processing hardware. The Xilinx Zynq Extensible Processing Platform (EPP) offers software, hardware, and input/output (I/O) programmability on a single chip. The Xilinx Zynq EPP features a Dual ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore, Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) Advanced eXtensible Interface 4 (AXI4) interconnect, and Xilinx Kintex-7 series Programmable Logic (PL) which provide the requisite capabilities for the increasing demands of embedded processing applications. The AMBA AXI4 interconnect provides high speed point to point interconnections between the ARM processor cores and the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) structure allowing for rapid data transmission to optimize system performance. The incorporation of an RTOS ensures predictable execution times of applications. Benchmarks, such as the Rhealstone, were developed to provide designers with a method of evaluating and comparing these multitasking RTOSs running on various hardware platforms. This thesis research performs Rhealstone benchmarking and evaluates the AMBA AXI4 interconnect performance while executing FreeRTOS on the ARM core of the Zynq EPP device. / Electrical and Computer Engineering

The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is a large, sedentary, omnivorous passerine. In some populations, individuals live in groups, and some of these groups breed cooperatively. The white-backed magpie (G. t. tyrannica) from the south-eastern corner of the continent, has had relatively little study, and few details are known of its mating system, social structure, and method of parental care. I conducted an observational study on a population of white-backed magpies, recording details of their demography, dispersal, breeding system, and parental care. In conjunction, I conducted a genetic analysis of the population, to determine if the genetic mating system matched the observed social system, to detect instances of extra-group mating, and to sex juvenile birds. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a common feature of the mating systems of many birds. The rate of EPP may vary between species, races and populations. I made a comparison of extra-group paternity (EGP) rates between two races of the Australian magpie, to determine if similar mating systems were being employed. The two populations had similar social structure, but differed in group size and dispersal. I predicted that dispersal differences would have a profound effect on the rate of EGP between the populations, as the population with the lower rate of dispersal and higher chance of breeding with a close relative would engage in EGPs more frequently. Eight microsatellite loci were used to determine parentage in the white-backed Australian magpie. The rate of EGP was found to be 44%. Dispersal rates were estimated from observational data. Over half of the juvenile magpie cohort from the previous breeding season leave the territorial group. These results contrast sharply with the results found by other researchers in a population of western Australian magpies (G t. dorsalis). In this population, 82% EGP is recorded and dispersal of juveniles is close to nil. The results indicate that dispersal rate is a potentially important predictor of rates of extra-group fertilisations between populations of this species, and suggest that females maximise their reproductive output by avoiding breeding with close kin. The reproductive success of a male bird is often correlated with measurable traits that predict his intrinsic quality. Females are thought to select mates based on their quality to gain their 'good genes'. Male Australian magpies of the white-backed race were trapped in two breeding seasons. Measurements were taken of morphometric and other characteristics in order to discover whether particular traits of males were associated with: a) number of fledglings produced in the territory per season; b) percentage of offspring sired in the territory; and c) whether females select males for their 'good genes'. The only variable that was correlated with number of territorial offspring was feather lice load. Males with high numbers of lice were less likely to produce territorial fledglings in one season and across both seasons. Males of inferior quality may be subject to increased conspecific territorial intrusions, leading to more time spent on defence, more failed breeding attempts, less time allocated to grooming and thus high parasite loads. Males that produced many territorial fledglings were more likely to gain genetic paternity of at least some of them, although again this was significant for only one season. Also, across both seasons, a high number of females in the group was correlated with increased paternity within the group. The general lack of correlation between the variables and level of genetic paternity may be due to females engaging in extra-group mating primarily to avoid breeding with a close relative rather than to choose a quality male. In this scenario, males would not have to be 'high quality', but merely genetically different to the female's social mate. Extra-group paternity (EGP) can affect paternal effort. It may also influence the helping effort of auxiliary birds in cooperatively breeding species. If helping is driven by kin selection, helpers should decline to provision unrelated young. Relatedness becomes difficult to assess however, when females mate outside the group. Alternative rewards may then become important in helper decisions. In my study population of Australian magpies, 38% of fledglings were sired by males outside the territorial group. In a second population (G. t. dorsalis), 82% of fledglings were sired by extra-group males. I observed within-group male and helper feeding effort over three breeding seasons in the first population and obtained data recorded over a single season in the second population. In both populations, males provisioned young regardless of relatedness, as did helpers. Males provisioned less than the nesting female on average. Paternal effort did not reduce with an increase in the rate of EGP between populations. In the population with intermediate levels of EGP, the white-backed magpies, I observed helpers in about half of the sampled territories that produced fledglings. Helpers did not increase the production of young. In the population with high levels of EGP, western magpies, I detected helping behaviour in proportionally more territories. It appears that Australian magpie helpers provide help in order to pay 'rent' and remain on the natal territory. I discuss these results in light of the differences between the two races of magpie and the major theories regarding male parenting decisions and helper activity. Finally, I examine the relatively high rates of EGP's in the Australian magpie from a phylogenetic perspective. Although inbreeding avoidance is strongly supported by this study as the major reason EGP is so common in magpie populations, there may be an element of phylogenetic inertia that maintains the frequency of this behavioural trait. I comment upon the use of single-population estimates of species EGP rates in comparative analyses, given the intraspecific variation discovered between Australian magpie populations. Future directions for the study of mate choice in the Australian magpie are outlined with a proposal to study variation at the major histocompatibility complex between mated pairs.

Cette thèse fournit une analyse détaillée d'une langue généralement peu étudiée, le breton (celtique continental contemporain). Son but est double: (i) - proposer une référence solide pour l'étude de la langue bretonne, ainsi que des langues celtiques et sémitiques. Je résume et évalue les différentes propositions qui ont été faites, et propose de nouvelles solutions, originales, efficaces et argumentées. (ii) - rendre accessible pour la communauté linguistique les réponses et nouvelles questions que le breton offre a certains enjeux théoriques cruciaux pour la grammaire générative et la typologie des langues. Je montre, en particulier, que la langue bretonne est un cas précieux pour enquêter sur le Principe de Projection Etendue (EPP), ou pour le débat sur la caractérisation des propriétés verbo-nominales. En accord avec mes résultats, je propose une nouvelle classification typologique des langues qui transcende l'ancienne opposition langue a verbe second vs. langue a verbe premier (V2/V1). Le Chapitre 1 présente les caractéristiques majeures des langues X(P)-VSO, illustrées par les langues celtiques et sémitiques anciennes et modernes, ainsi que par le Chacaltongo Mixtec. Le Chapitre 2 examine avec minutie l'architecture de la phrase bretonne, de la structure vP a la périphérie gauche étendue, résumant et discutant les principaux enjeux de la dérivation des phrases bretonnes. Je propose que la négation préverbale est une tête C, et que les particules préverbales (rannigs) sont des têtes FinP réalisant un accord catégoriel avec l'élément préverbal. Je montre que le sujet préverbal peut montrer des propriétés A. Dans le chapitre 3, je fournis une analyse compréhensible et détaillée de l'EPP, et montre comment les faits du breton écartent différentes versions de ce Principe. Ma formulation de l'EPP étend l'inventaire des explétifs a tout élément préverbal, qu'il soit une tête ou un XP. L'inventaire des explétifs peut donc crucialement comprendre des têtes C. Cette hypothèse prédit qu'il n'existe pas de langue strictement VSO. Les langues dites a verbe initial sont dérivées soit par mouvement du VP évacué, soit par mouvement de la tête verbale accompagné d'une stratégie explétive, qui obtient le type X(P)-VSO. Cette proposition est consistente avec la généralisation que les langues a verbe initial ont des particules préverbales. Je reconnais les explétifs nuls lorsqu'ils sont apprenables et interprétables. Je montre par example comment des particules explétives C en irlandais et en arabe sont apprenables car interprétables pour l'accord verbal. Le marquage [3.sg] qui apparait sur le verbe fléchi quand les sujets ne cliticisent pas est la réalisation d'une relation d'accord avec la tête C préverballe, un cas d'accord gelé provoqué par la localité. Dans le chaptre 4, je me concentre sur les Paramètres spécifiques au breton. Contrairement a l'irlandais ou l'arabe, le breton n'a pas d'explétifs nuls (ni pro, ni Tête C de matrice). La caractéristique V2 du breton découle donc de l'EPP. Cependant, le breton est caractérisé, comme l'irlandais ou l'arabe, par des effets de complémentarité dans le système d'accord. Je montre comment l'accord gelé est déclenché par un autre type d'internenant pour l'accord: la structure verbale vP elle-même (Jouitteau & Rezac 2006, Jouitteau 2005). Les traits du sujet sont la cible la plus proche pour l'accord uniquement dans les cas ou le sujet dépasse l'intervenant vP [3.sg] vP intervener (cliticisation). Je montre ensuite comment ce simple Pramètre, l'interprétabilité des traits phi de la structure vP, dérive des propriétés majeures caractéristiques de la langue. Comme des DPs, les structures verbales du breton montrent des effets de filtre sur le Cas et déclenchent la réalisation 'a' du rannig. Comme des DPs, les structures verbales peuvent déclencher l'état construit. Il en résulte que la langue n'a pas de Cas accusatif et marque les arguments internes du Cas génitif. L'interprétabilité des traits phi du vP prédisent correctement des faits autrement inexpliqués. En particulier, une analyse prépositionnelle de 'avoir' prédit sa singularité en termes d'accord car la préposition qui acceuille le sujet est toujours plus haute que le vP. Le sujet devient donc la cible la plus proche pour l'accord, indépendemment de ses propriétés clitiques. Le Chapitre 5 démontre avec minutie comment l'EPP prédit exactement quels ordres de mots sont possibles en breton, et quels ordres de mots sont impossibles. Les élément préverbaux motivés sémantiquement satisfont automatiquement l'EPP et les stratégies explétique de dernier ressort apparaissent dans les phrases a focus large. Je développe la proposition de Holmberg (2000) que les explétifs peuvent être créés par séparation des traits et mouvement subséquent. Comme stratégie de dernier ressort pour satisfaire l'EPP, le plus proche élément postverbal dans la dérivation monte en position préverbale en laissant in situ ses traits sémantiques. Ceci dérive élégamment trois propriétés majeures du breton: les propriétés A disponibles pour un sujet préverbal, l'existence de phrases SVO a focus large, et les paradigmes dits du 'long mouvement de tête' (Long Head Movement) qui antéposent une tête evrbale non-fléchie par dessus un auxiliaire, en dépit de la contrainte sur le mouvement des têtes. Le Chapitre 6 continue l'extension de l'inventaire des explétifs et présente un paradigme entièrement nouveau du français dialectal. Dans le français Atlantique (SVO), l'effacement du sujet est autorisé si et seulement si une tête C préverballe est insérée. La morphologie de cette tête C préverballe n'est pas réalisée par le canal segmental, mais par un son ou geste ostencible quelconque. J'analyse ce paradigme comme le résultat d'une stratégie explétive multicanale et j'ouvre sur les implications que cela a, de la typologie des explétifs a la méthodologie de récolte des données.

In nature, environments are often variable and heterogeneous influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. This thesis focus on how animals interact with their environment and how that affects the reproductive decisions they make. Using empirical data collected from wild collared flycatcher populations, experiments and molecular approaches I try to unveil some of these relationships and the evolutionary, ecological and conservation implications of these findings are discussed. Firstly, collared flycatchers were shown to use breeding densities of their own and other species using similar resources when assessing costs and benefits associated to breeding in specific habitats. However, species will vary in how informative they are, and the worst competitor – with whom you overlap most in resources needs – also provides the best source of information. Collared flycatcher parents will also benefit differentially from investments in sons and daughters due to habitat characteristics and dispersal differences between the sexes. Here, I show that they will produce more of the sex that will give the highest expected fitness return given the environment they are in. These results also provide a reciprocal scenario to Clark's (1978) classical study of sex ratio adjustment in relation to local resource competition (LRC), as more of the natal philopatric sex is produced when LRC is low. Secondly, the effect of elaborated ornaments on paternity in the socially monogamous collared flycatcher was shown to be of more importance in areas where the intensity of intra- and intersexual conflicts are expected to be elevated. Hence, ornamentation by environmental interactions determines paternity, illustrating that sexual selection through extra-pair paternity is context dependent. Finally, even though the collared flycatcher populations that this thesis is based on have been studied on their breeding grounds for more then 25 years, we know little of where they are when they are not breeding. Here, stable isotope signatures in winter-grown feathers suggests that they may spend their winter with their breeding ground neighbours and do so repeatedly over years. Differences between breeding populations at this small scale should have many impactions for evolutionary and ecological processes as it will, for example, determine with whom individuals interact throughout their life.

La presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo determinar la relación entre los instrumentos de promoción comercial de la agencia de promoción de las exportaciones del Perú - Promperú y las oportunidades de exportación que tienen las MiPymes del Sector No Tradicional durante los años 2011 – 2019. En el primer capítulo, se desarrolla el marco teórico, en el cual se repasa algunas contribuciones a la literatura acerca del comercio internacional y los programas de promoción de las exportaciones del estado peruano. En el segundo capítulo, se explica el plan de investigación, la situación problemática, las preguntas de investigación, los objetivos de la investigación e hipótesis planteadas. En el tercer capítulo, se define la metodología de la investigación, en la cual se especifica el enfoque y diseño de la investigación, recolección de datos e instrumentos. En el cuarto capítulo, se muestra la realización del enfoque cuantitativo, donde se ejecuta el modelo relacional transversal. Y finalmente en el quinto capítulo, se explican los resultados del análisis; a su vez, se detallan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la presente investigación. / The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the trade promotion instruments of the Peruvian export promotion agency - PromPerú and the export opportunities that the MSMEs of the Non-traditional sector had between 2011 - 2019. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework is developed, in which some contributions to the literature on international trade and export promotion programs of the Peruvian state are reviewed. In the second chapter, the research plan, the problematic situation, the research questions, the objectives, and hypothesis are explained. In the third chapter, the research methodology is defined, in which the focus and design of the research, data collection and instruments are specified. In the fourth chapter, the quantitative approach is shown, where the relational cross-sectional model is executed. And finally, in the fifth chapter, the results of the analysis are explained; in turn, the conclusions and recommendations of this investigation are detailed. / Tesis