One of the causes of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is the manual handling of heavy objects. To reduce the risk of such injuries, workers are instructed to follow general guidelines on how to lift and carry objects depending on their mass. Current ergonomic assessments using wearable sensors can differentiate correct from incorrect body postures but are limited. Being able to estimate the mass of an object during ergonomic assessment would be a great improvement. This work investigates a combination of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Electromyography (EMG) sensors for offline estimation of an object’s mass for different movements. 10 participants performed 26 lifting and carrying trials with loads from 0 to 19 kg, while wearing a 17IMU motion capture system and EMG sensors on both biceps brachii and both erector spinae. Two methods were considered to estimate the carried mass: (1) supervised machine learning and (2) musculoskeletal modeling. First, the data was used to select features, train, and compare regression models. The lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) for 10-fold cross-validation for lifting and carrying combined was 5.8113 for a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model with an exponential kernel function. Then, a MSE of 4.42 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.63 kg were obtained also with a GPR for Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation (LOSOCV) only for lifting and frontal carrying trials. For the same trials, the upper-extremity musculoskeletal model, scaled to each participant, estimated the mass with a MSE of 1.78 and a MAE of 0.95 kg. The study was restricted to lifting and frontal carrying, but the combination of the two technologies showed great potential for object mass estimation.

This thesis explores innovative methodologies to assess finger strain during the assembly process atVolvo Trucks in Tuve. With the increased complexity and frequency of tasks in truck assembly, particularly with the shift to electric truck production, ergonomic concerns have risen, notably around the strain on operators’ fingers. Our project aims to identify a reliable and precise tool to measure the forces exerted on the fingers during these assembly tasks, addressing the limitations of current dynamometers which struggle in confined spaces, on non-flat surfaces and with different types of grips. Using a combination of empirical studies, expert consultations, and ergonomic tool evaluations, we evaluated various measurement tools and technologies. The study involved detailed observations and interviews at the assembly plant to identify critical ergonomic challenges. We then tested selected devices under real-world conditions to evaluate their effectiveness in capturing accurate force measurements. Our findings suggest that the integration of advanced sensor technologies can improve ergonomic assessment of assembly tasks by providing more accurate real-time data. This would allow for a better design of tools and work processes, ultimately improving worker safety and productivity. / Det här examensarbetet utforskar innovativa metoder för att bedöma fingerbelastning under monteringsprocessen hos Volvo Trucks i Tuve. Med en ökad komplexitet och mängd av arbetsuppgifter vid montering av lastbilar, särskilt med övergången till produktionen av eldrivna lastbilar, har de ergonomiska problemen ökat. Särskilt vad gäller belastningen på operatörernas fingrar. Vårt projekt syftar till att identifera ett tillförlitlig och exakt verktyg för att mäta de krafter som utövas från fingrarna under dessa monteringsmoment, och att adressera begränsningarna hos nuvarande kraftmätningsverktyg som har svårt att användas i trånga utrymmen, på ojämna ytor och vid olika typer av grepp. Genom en kombination av empiriska studier, expertkonsultationer och utvärderingar av ergonomiska verktyg, utvärderade vi olika mätverktyg och mättekniker. Projektet involverade detaljerade observationer och intervjuer i Tuvefabriken för att identifiera kritiska ergonomiska utmaningar. Vi testade sedan utvalda produkter under verkliga förhållanden för att utvärdera deras effektivitet i att fånga krafter från fingrarna. Våra resultat tyder på att integrationen av avancerade sensorteknologier kan förbättra den ergonomiska bedömningen av monteringsmoment genom att tillhandahålla mer exakt realtidsdata. Detta skulle möjliggöra en bättre utformning av verktyg och arbetsprocesser, vilket slutligen förbättrar säkerhet och produktivitet.

L'ensemble de mon travail a été réalisé grâce a l'utilisation de logiciel libre. / La demande d'applications pour les plateformes mobiles a explosé ces dernières années. Chaque compagnie souhaite maintenant offrir pour ces nouveaux appareils les mêmes services que ceux offerts traditionnellement sur internet. Cependant, ces entreprises n'ont bien souvent que peu ou pas de connaissances concernant le développement et le déploiement de tels services. Généralement, la solution choisie consiste à externaliser ce travail en le sous-traitant à une autre compagnie. Dans ce contexte, il est souvent compliqué de s'assurer d'une part que le sous-traitant respecte le cahier des charges et d'autre part que le travail fourni est conforme aux recommandations émises par les fabricants des plateformes mobiles. Afin de pallier au second problème, nous avons créé un système de listes de vérification interactives pour plateformes mobiles. Ce système permet d'évaluer le niveau de conformité des différents composants de l'interface d'une application développée pour une plateforme mobile avec les recommandations du fabricant de cette plateforme. La solution retenue permet de se concentrer sur certains éléments particuliers de l'interface et pallie ainsi aux limites des listes de vérification classiques qui sont souvent trop longues et peu pratiques. La solution retenue offre de plus la possibilité de comparer facilement les caractéristiques des plateformes mobiles entre elles. Pour réaliser ce système, nous avons consulté de nombreux documents portant sur l'univers des plateformes mobiles afin de mieux appréhender leurs spécificités. Suite à l'étude de différentes plateformes, deux d’entre elles, soit iOS et BlackBerry, ont été retenues (il faut noter que la compagnie où s'est effectuée la recherche disposait déjà d'applications pour ces plateformes). Nous avons ensuite analysé plus finement la documentation technique fournie par chacun des fabricants afin d'en extraire les points importants. Afin que les données soient comparables, nous avons créé une nomenclature commune regroupant les composants de l'interface graphique en grandes familles (ex. : barres, saisie d'information, …) en tenant compte également du type d'interaction avec l'appareil (ex. : écran tactile). Nous avons ensuite conçu une solution permettant d'évaluer le niveau de conformité d'une application. L'idée retenue se base sur des listes de vérification permettant de systématiser le processus d'évaluation. Pour pallier aux limites de ces listes, souvent trop longues, nous permettons à l'utilisateur, via un ensemble de filtres, de se concentrer sur un sous-ensemble de composants de l’interface qu'il souhaite évaluer. L'implémentation de cette solution a été réalisée en totalité grâce à des technologies libres et de standard ouvert. De cette façon, nous nous sommes assurés de la portabilité de la solution développée et de l’absence de coûts supplémentaires liés à l'achat de licences. Le système utilise les standards web et repose sur une architecture basée sur le système d'exploitation GNU/Linux, le serveur web Apache, la base de données MySQL et le langage de scripts PHP. Ces logiciels ont déjà fait leurs preuves aussi bien pour les entreprises que pour les particuliers. De plus, la communauté très active qui s'est constituée autour de ces logiciels assure un bon support et une grande stabilité. Après avoir fait le choix de l’environnement de développement, la phase d'implémentation s'est ensuite déroulée en plusieurs étapes. Tout d'abord, l'information a été structurée selon la nomenclature mentionnée plus haut afin de créer le schéma de la base de données. Ensuite, toutes les pages ont été codées avec le langage à balises HTML et les scripts PHP pour le côté serveur et avec JavaScript pour le côté client. Enfin, l'information peut être affichée grâce aux feuilles de style en cascade (CSS), une technologie web permettant de séparer le fond de la forme en matière de mise en page. Nous avons choisi un modèle de développement itératif qui a impliqué les principaux utilisateurs dès les premières étapes de la conception du système. Cette implication s’est poursuivie jusqu’à la fin du projet afin de s'assurer que les fonctionnalités mises en place répondaient aux attentes. L’architecture modulaire qui a été retenue permet également d’adapter facilement le système aux besoins futurs. Afin de mieux comprendre comment on utilise le système, on passe en revue les différentes étapes nécessaires à la réalisation d'une évaluation. Enfin, on a réalisé une étude avec quatre utilisateurs pour évaluer l'utilisabilité du système et recueillir leur niveau de satisfaction. / The need for mobile platforms has increased in the last decade. Companies offering traditional internet services now want to move their applications on these new devices. But, most of the time, these companies do not really have the knowledge to create such applications and often ask a third party company to do the job for them. In this context, it is difficult to evaluate if the solution developed follows the recommendations of the device maker. A system based on interactive check lists has thus been created for this purpose. This system enables the evaluation of the conformity level of an application with the recommendations of the device maker, thanks to numerous filters that let the user focus on specific parts of the graphic interface. The idea behind the project was first to address some problematic issues with classical check lists and to enable the comparison of several mobile platforms with regard to specific interface components. To create this system, a lot of information about mobile platforms has first been collected. After reviewing many mobile platforms, it was decided to focus on iOS and BlackBerry, since the company where the research was performed had already applications running on them. For each platform, the major recommandations to be satisfied were identified. Also, to be sure that the extracted recommendations could be compared, a common nomenclature has been created, where the recommandations are grouped by interface components (ex: bars, data input,…) and by the type of interaction (ex: touch screen). After these preliminary steps, a solution for evaluating the level of compliance was created. We favored a check list approach because it offers a systematic evaluation process. To avoid lists of excessive length, filters were introduced in the system to allow the user to focus on particular aspects of the interface. The implementation was totally realized with open source technologies and open standards. This choice was motivated by the portability of the developed system and by the absence of licence fees. The system relies on web standards and runs on an architecture made of the CNU/Linux operating system, Apache web server, MySQL database and the script language PHP. This software has already proven its reliability for enterprises and for home users. Furthermore, the community evolving around this software offers a good support and ensures a high level of stability. After setting up the development environment, the implementation phase was engaged and took place over a number of phases. The first phase was the creation of the database structure, using the aforementioned nomenclature. The next phase was dedicated to the coding of the different web pages, thanks to the tag language HTML and the PHP scripts on the server side and JavaScript on the client side. Finally, the web page setting was developed using the cascading style sheet (CSS), a web technology that segregates the substance from the style of the web content. We chose an iterative development model where the end users were involved from the early stages of the project. This approach provides a guarantee that the user requirements are fulfilled and that any new developments will be in accordance with the expectations. Furthermore, the system is such that it can be easily modified to tackle future needs. To be able to understand how we use the systeme, we are reviewing the different steps needed to realise an evaluation. Finally, we have made a study with four users to evaluate the usability of the system and to gather their satisfaction level.

O projeto de espaços de trabalho exige, por parte do projetista, equacionar conflitos entre as diversas lógicas parciais dos vários usuários de um mesmo artefato. Compreender as relações estabelecidas entre os vários subsistemas que compõem a atividade de trabalho e dos ambientes leva, inevitavelmente, à necessidade de se desenvolver métodos de projeto que possam contemplar demandas inerentes a essa complexidade. Com efeito, poderíamos inferir que, na verdade, o que é preciso considerar na hora do projeto é a existência de uma interface entre o artefato de trabalho e o usuário. É o exercício pleno do uso dessa interface que permite aos usuários construírem sua experiência. Nessa experiência, encontramos os requisitos de projeto, e, para recuperá-la e fazer emergirem as necessidades do projeto, devemos lançar mão de métodos que se adéquem às condições atuais da prática projetual e às situações reais de uso dos artefatos. A evolução do artefato para instrumento resulta da associação dos artefatos com os esquemas de utilização dos seus usuários, reflexo da sua experiência. Metodologias como a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho e a Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, apoiadas na Teoria da atividade, e por ela guiadas, podem ajudar na construção de uma reflexão consciente sobre a complexidade e as variáveis que surgem no uso dos ambientes de trabalho. O nosso grande labor no estudo de caso fundamenta-se no acompanhamento da atividade em curso, numa sala de controle de um sistema de Metrô. Durante as observações e levantamentos realizados, pudemos identificar a distância entre o projeto da sala e o trabalho real dos operadores e seus esquemas de utilização. O projeto tem sido reflexo de um processo de concepção que precisa ser incrementado, incorporando, definitivamente, características da atividade e a experiência dos usuários. / Design of work spaces demands from the designer solving conflicts which arise from the many partial logics of the various users of a same artifact. To understand the relations established between the many subsystems which make up the activity of work and its environment, leads inevitably to the need of developing design methods capable of dealing with the inherent demands of this complexity. Under this light, it is possible to infer that the existence of an interface between the work artifact and the user has to be considered when drafting a project. It is the very exercise of the use of this interface which allows users to construct their own experiences. Consequently, the design requirements are found within the experience itself, and, to recover it and impel the emergence of design\'s needs, one must forgo the methods which are linked to the current conditions of the accepted practices of design. The evolution from artifact to instrument results from the association of artifacts with the utilization schemes presented by users, a reflection of their own experiences. Methodologies, such as Ergonometric Analysis of Work and Post-Occupancy Evaluation, supported and guided by the Theory of activity, can help the construction of a conscientious reflection on both, complexity and variables which arise throughout the use of a work environment. The major work realized in this case study is based on the follow-up of in-progress activities within a subway\'s system control room. Observation and surveys carried out along this study identified a void between the design of the control room and the real work performed by the employees and their utilization schemes. Design should reflect a conception process which incorporates characteristics of both user activities and user experience.

Os calçados são essenciais na vida humana, eles possuem a função primordial de proteger os pés e interagem constantemente com o indivíduo. Além do aspecto funcional, se exige qualidade, conforto e estética em sua confecção. Os fatores antropométricos e biomecânicos contribuem nessa interface ao oferecer parâmetros científicos na sua forma ergonômica. Confeccionar um calçado que garanta a saúde para os pés necessita conhecer os fatores que estão direta ou indiretamente relacionados à sua história, ao processo de produção, a matéria-prima entre outros itens relacionados ao calçado, assim com um embasamento científico pode dar um melhor suporte ao processo de desenvolvimento do produto. Neste contexto, a dissertação teve por objetivo organizar estes conceitos de maneira que forneça informações essenciais para a construção de um calçado confortável, pois há uma dificuldade em encontrar uma gama de conhecimentos reunidos sobre calçados para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos. Neste sentido, o estudo investigou também as características da fibra de coco verde, dos frutos descartados na cidade de Francisco Morato - São Paulo, para verificar a viabilidade de aplicação dessas fibras na construção de partes do calçado. Para a realização deste trabalho foi fundamentado uma revisão teórica que apontou a evolução do calçado na história da humanidade, os fatores indispensáveis para oferecer o conforto, a análise do pé humano, conhecimento sobre a matéria-prima e algumas possibilidades de agregarem a fibra natural de coco verde para a fabricação de um protótipo para solado feito da fibra coco. A metodologia utilizada refere-se aos aspectos teóricos numa abordagem de conhecimentos para a confecção calçadista e, que possam ser empregados na etapa da produção do protótipo. Foi feita uma maceração biológica nas fibras e realizados testes de tração e microscopia óptica. As fibras foram extraídas do coco, analisadas em testes laboratoriais e posteriormente agregadas a uma resina (PVAc Poliacetato de Vinila) para formar o protótipo. Os resultados mostraram que as fibras de coco verde possuem potencial em relação a outras fibras naturais estudadas em literaturas, para serem aplicadas como reforços na construção de partes do calçado. Possuem a rigidez necessária aos materiais usados na fabricação do sapato e, uma proteção natural graças à presença de lignina. Porém, há necessidade de que as informações da cadeia produtiva sejam mais acessíveis e amplas a nível científico e, possibilitem a criação de alternativas mais eficazes e na melhoria das técnicas já existentes no mercado. Há uma grande possibilidade do emprego das fibras naturais em substituição das fibras sintéticas para serem empregadas na fabricação de partes dos calçados como, por exemplo, nos solados e palmilhas. / Shoes are essential mode of human life; they have the primary function of protecting the feet and constantly interact with the individual. Besides the functional aspect, if demands quality, comfort and aesthetics in its making. The anthropometric and biomechanical factors contribute to this interface and provide scientific parameters for its ergonomic design. Manufacturing a shoe that ensures the health of the human foot aims to know the factors that are directly or indirectly related to its history, production process, raw materials and other factors related to shoes, so with a scientific background can better support the process of product development. In this context, the dissertation aimed to organize these concepts in a way that provides essential information for the construction of comfortable shoes and can influence new ideas to use in the footwear sector, since there is a difficulty in finding a range of knowledge gathered over shoes, which are important for the development of new projects. In this sense, the study also investigated the characteristics of green coconut fiber, fruit discarded in the town of Francisco Morato - São Paulo, to verify the feasibility of these fibers in the construction of parts of footwear. For this work was based showed that a theoretical evolution of footwear in the history of mankind, the factors necessary to provide comfort, a study of foot, knowledge of the raw materials and some possibilities of aggregating the natural fiber coconut for manufacturing a prototype for soles made of coconut fiber. The methodology used refers to the theoretical approach knowledge for making footwear and which may be used in the production step of the prototype. We conducted a biological maceration into the fibers and performed tensile testing and optical microscopy. The fibers were extracted from coconut analyzed in laboratory tests and then aggregated to a resin (PVAc - Vinyl polyacetate) to form the prototype. The results showed that coconut fibers have potential in relation to other natural fibers studied in literatures, for use as reinforcements in building parts of the footwear. Have the necessary rigidity to the materials used in manufacturing the shoe, and a natural protection due to the presence of lignin. However, there is need for the information of the production chain are more accessible and wide-ranging scientific level and thus allow the creation of more effective alternatives and that the techniques could be improved. There is a great possibility of using natural fibers in place from synthetic for use in footwear, for instance, in the soloed and shoe insole.

Le facteur pronostic majeur des cancers du col localement avancés (LACC) est le statut ganglionnaire lombo-aortique. Notre travail de thèse a été d'évaluer la lymphadénectomie lombo-aortique (qui représente la technique de référence pour obtenir cette information) à l'ère de la tomographie par émission de positron (TEP) et de la chirurgie par une seule incision (LESS). Les résultats publiés de cette thèse sont: la lymphadénectomie lombo-aortique extrapéritonéale par LESS est faisable. Nous en avons décrit et codifié la technique pour la première fois par une incision iliaque gauche unique ; cette technique que nous avons mise au point est sure, reproductible et équivalente sur le plan carcinologique et ergonomique à la laparoscopie conventionnelle ; la lymphadénectomie lombo-aortique de staging est indispensable dans les LACC compte tenu du taux de faux négatif du TEP-TDM retrouvé dans ce travail de thèse (12% s'élevant à 22 % en cas de fixations ganglionnaires pelviennes suspectes). Nous avons également démontré sur la plus large de la série de littérature que la lymphadénectomie lombo-aortique associée à l'extension des champs d'irradiation en lombo-aortique lors de la radio-chimiothérapie apporte aux patientes présentant des micrométastases une survie identique à celle des patientes négatives histologiquement au niveau lombo-aortique. En revanche, en cas d'atteinte macrométastatique le pronostic demeure péjoratif et nécessite de proposer d'autres options thérapeutiques / In locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) the most important predictor of disease recurrence is para-aortic nodal status. The aim of our thesis was to evaluate the role of para-aortic lymphadenectomy (the current gold standard to assess para-aortic nodal status) in the era of positron emission tomography (PET) and single incision surgery (LESS). The published results of this thesis are: extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy by LESS is feasible and we have described and codified the technique for the first time by a single left iliac incision; the technique we have developed is safe, reproducible and oncologically and ergonomically equivalent to conventional laparoscopy; para-aortic LAD staging is essential in LACC given the false negative rate of PET-CT found in this work (12% increasing to 22% if PET-CT reveals suspicious pelvic lymph nodes). We have also demonstrated, in the largest case series published to date, that para-aortic lymphadenectomy followed by chemoradiation including the pelvis and para-aortic lymph nodes for patients with micrometastatic para-aortic nodal involvement provides an overall survival that is identical to the overall survival of LACC with histologically negative para-aortic lymph nodes. However, in case of macrometastatic disease prognosis remains pejorative and requires other treatment options

Examensarbetet "Utveckling av rollator" har utförts på institutionen för teknik och samhälle vid Högskolan i Skövde på uppdrag av Ahlberg Leber AB i ämnet integrerad produktutveckling.   Uppdraget började med en grundlig förstudie av rollatormarknaden och till viss del även närliggande marknader. En kundkedja togs fram över de personer som kommer i kontakt med rollatorn under dess livslängd och som därför kan anses som intressenter av hur produkten utformas. Därefter gjordes ett antal intervjuer och enkäter för att klargöra vilka egenskaper som ansågs som viktiga hos en rollator.   Utifrån detta skapades en objektiv kravspecifikation som diskuterades och modifierades något efter företagets krav.   Välkända metoder såsom t ex brainstorming och brainwriting har använts för att generera idéer till projektet. Idégenereringen genomfördes både inom projektgruppen och tillsammans med andra studenter. Under genereringen lades fokus på ett antal olika områden, som huvudform, tilläggsfunktioner, hopfällningar och helhetslösningar.   Efter att ha arbetat vidare på några olika idéer kunde olika konceptförslag skapas. Dessa diskuterades både med företaget och med experter inom framförallt lätta konstruktioner. Alla koncept bestod av hopfällningslösningar eftersom det ansågs vara en viktig del av utformningen.   Resultatet av examensarbetet blev ett slutgiltigt konceptförslag som utformats med fokus på kundernas behov. Den nya generationens rollator har en form som tilltalar ögat, hållfasthet som motsvarar framtidens krav och är ergonomiskt utformad för att passa dess brukare. Konceptet innebar en rollator som fälls ihop m h a två vinkelräta gångjärn eftersom det ansågs ha flest fördelar.

Bakgrund : Felaktiga arbetsställningar utgör ett dominerande arbetsmiljöproblem inom frisöryrket. Ett stort problem är också kemiska preparat som orsakar hudirritation och handeksem. Frisörer arbetskadeanmäler oftare belastningsskador och uppger oftare hudöverkänslighet än personer i andra branscher. Syfte : Syftet med studien var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning som ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär förekommer på frisörsalonger i Gävleborgs län och om förebyggande åtgärder vidtas för dessa besvär. Metod : Detta är en retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv dataanalys. En webbenkät har skickats ut till 87 frisörer i Gävleborgs län, 50 personer har deltagit. Resultat : Resultatet visade att 36 av 50 personer uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär, främst från axlar/skuldror och nacke vilket förekom hos 25 personer. På de flesta salonger uppgavs att det fanns hjälpmedel för att förebygga besvär från nacke, axlar, skuldror, rygg och nedre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de använde de hjälpmedel som fanns och utövade fysisk aktivitet för att förebygga sina besvär på egen hand. En övervägande del svarade att inga hjälpmedel fanns på arbetet för att förebygga ergonomiska besvär från övre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de inte gjorde något på egen hand för att förebygga besvär från övre extremiteter. Det var 14 av 50 frisörer som uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. Handskar uppgavs som det främst förekommande hjälpmedlet på arbetet och de flesta uppgav att de använde dessa. Handkräm uppgavs som främst förekommande för egenvård. Slutsats : Ungefär tre fjärdedelar av frisörerna i Gävleborgs län uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär. Nästan en tredjedel av frisörerna uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. De allra flesta uppgav att de använde befintliga hjälpmedel och förebyggde både ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär. Nyckelord: Arbetsrelaterade besvär, ergonomiska besvär, frisör, förebyggande, hjälpmedel, hudbesvär. / Introduction: Incorrect posture is a dominant health problem in the hairdressing profession. A significant problem is also chemicals that cause skin irritation and hand eczema. Hairdressers report musculoskeletal and skin sensitization more frequently than people in other professions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which ergonomic problems and skin problems occur in hairdressing salons in Gävleborg, and if preventive measures are taken for these problems. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with quantitative data with descriptive data analysis. A web survey was sent out to 87 salons in Gävleborg, 50 people took part in the study. Results: The results showed that 36 of 50 people said they had ergonomic problems, mainly from the shoulders and neck which were reported by 25 people. Most salons had aid tools to prevent problems from neck, shoulders, back and from lower extremities. The majority of the hairdressers use the aid tools, mainly sadel chairs. The hairdressers practiced physical activity to prevent ergonomic problems. The majority responded that no aid tools were available at work to prevent ergonomic disorders of upper extremities. Most said they did not do anything on their own to prevent symptoms from upper limbs. There were 14 of 50 hairdressers who reported having skin problems on their hands. Gloves were the main aid available at work and hand cream mainly occurring in self-care. Conclusion: Approximately three-quarters of the hairdressers in Gävleborg had ergonomic problems. One third of the hairdressers had skin problems on their hands. The vast majority used the provided aid tools and prevented both the ergonomic problems and skin problems. Keywords: Aid tools, ergonomic problems, hairdresser, prevention, skin problems, work-related problems

<p>Examensarbetet "Utveckling av rollator" har utförts på institutionen för teknik och samhälle vid Högskolan i Skövde på uppdrag av Ahlberg Leber AB i ämnet integrerad produktutveckling.</p><p> </p><p>Uppdraget började med en grundlig förstudie av rollatormarknaden och till viss del även närliggande marknader. En kundkedja togs fram över de personer som kommer i kontakt med rollatorn under dess livslängd och som därför kan anses som intressenter av hur produkten utformas. Därefter gjordes ett antal intervjuer och enkäter för att klargöra vilka egenskaper som ansågs som viktiga hos en rollator.</p><p> </p><p>Utifrån detta skapades en objektiv kravspecifikation som diskuterades och modifierades något efter företagets krav.</p><p> </p><p>Välkända metoder såsom t ex brainstorming och brainwriting har använts för att generera idéer till projektet. Idégenereringen genomfördes både inom projektgruppen och tillsammans med andra studenter. Under genereringen lades fokus på ett antal olika områden, som huvudform, tilläggsfunktioner, hopfällningar och helhetslösningar.</p><p> </p><p>Efter att ha arbetat vidare på några olika idéer kunde olika konceptförslag skapas. Dessa diskuterades både med företaget och med experter inom framförallt lätta konstruktioner. Alla koncept bestod av hopfällningslösningar eftersom det ansågs vara en viktig del av utformningen.</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet av examensarbetet blev ett slutgiltigt konceptförslag som utformats med fokus på kundernas behov. Den nya generationens rollator har en form som tilltalar ögat, hållfasthet som motsvarar framtidens krav och är ergonomiskt utformad för att passa dess brukare. Konceptet innebar en rollator som fälls ihop m h a två vinkelräta gångjärn eftersom det ansågs ha flest fördelar.</p>

Denna rapport behandlar ett produktutvecklingsprojekt i kursen Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsprogrammet innovationsteknik och design, MSGC12, vid fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap vid Karlstads universitet våren 2015. Handledare för projektet har varit universitetsadjunkt Lennart Wihk och examinator för projektet har varit professor Leo de Vin. Arbetet gjordes i uppdrag av Carl-Ola Danielsson för Swegon i Arvika. Uppdraget har haft som mål att effektivisera underplåten för en av Swegons komfortmoduler både konstruktion- och utseendemässigt. Detta gjordes för att användarvänligheten och säkerheten vid underhållsarbeten ska öka samt för att skapa ett mervärde hos produkten. Arbetet resulterade i ett flertal koncept för hur låsningsanordningen till komfortmodulernas underplåt kan utformas. En utvärdering av dessa koncept resulterade sedan i ett grundläggande koncept för hur låsningsanordningen bör utformas. Genom layoutkonstruktionen utvecklades det grundläggande konceptet och resulterade i totalt tre slutkoncept. Slutkoncepten är alla en typ av snabblåsning mellan underplåten och komfortmodulen. På grund av den minskade tid som slutkoncepten medför vid öppning och stängning av underplåten minskar den statiska belastningen på användaren. Slutkoncepten möjliggör öppning och stängning av underplåten med ett enhandsgrepp, vilket minskar risken för olyckor vid underhållsarbeten av komfortmodulerna. Det finns utrymme för vidarutveckling av slutkoncepten i form av konstruktionsförbättringar, materialval samt fastmonteringsanordning i underplåt och komfortmodul. / This report covers a product development project within the course Degree of Bachelor of Science thesis for innovation and design engineer program, MSGC12, at the Faculty of Health, Nature and Engineering Science at Karlstad University in the spring of 2015. Lennart Wihk has been the supervisor of the project and Professor Leo de Vin acted as examiner for the project. The work was commissioned by Carl-Ola Danielsson for the company Swegon in Arvika, Sweden. The project aimed at improving the face plate for one of Swegon’s comfort modules in both construction and appearance. This was done to improve the usability and safety during maintenance work and to create an added value in the product. The work resulted in a number of concepts for how the locking device to the comfort modules face plate can be designed. An evaluation of these concepts later on resulted in a basic concept for how the locking device should be designed. By a further development of the basic concept, a total of three final concepts were developed. All of the final concepts are a type of quick locking positioned between the face plate and the comfort module. Because of the reduced time required in opening and closing the face plate, the static load is reduced on the user. The final concepts enable opening and closing of the face plate with one hand, reducing the risk of accidents during maintenance work of the comfort modules. There is room for further development of the final concepts in terms of design improvements, material choice and the mounting arrangement of the face plate and the comfort module.