Indigenous peoples have special relation to the land, and they might seek to gain landrights based on their historical acknowledgment within a nation state in the modern days. The acknowledgment for the rights of these lands is based on their ethnic identity, historical and colonial roots and by the concept of self-determination. The structures and power are held by the nation states and guided by the international frameworks, which determine who are the people who hold rights to these lands. The research uses comparative political analysis in the special case of indigenous peoples in Sweden and Finland to illustrate recent political debate concerning land rights and self-determination. This paper offers analysis about the recent political trajectories regarding the ratification of C169 in both countries by combining political analysis and approach from the social sciences. The findings suggest that the question of self-determination, land and domestic legislation play a role why these countries have not ratified the legally binding convention C169.

Taking the form of a case study on an interpellation on ‘youth crime and street gangs’ and its consideration in plenary debate in the Finnish Parliament in December 2022, the purpose of this study is to examine how politicians narrate the Finnish community of value and its boundaries. The methodological framework of this study consists of strategic narrative analysis, poststructural and critical research theoretical underpinnings, and the operationalization of the concept of ‘community of value’. The findings of the study show that the strategic narratives on the Finnish community of value are diverse but return to similar points of boundary-making problematizing the ‘Migrant’ as part of a ‘suspect population’. The character of the community of value is simultaneously defined through the ordinary actions of its ‘Good Citizens’ and Finland as ‘not-Sweden’. Ultimately, the role left to play for the ‘Migrant’ is one of a ‘Tolerated Citizen’. These findings add a contribution to the field of critical migration and integration studies, as well as to the field of Finnish and Nordic political discourses.

This study has analyzed five different judgments from the colonial anti-sodomy law Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code using the frameworks of Foucauldian genealogical discourse, and Judith Butler’s heterosexual matrix. The aim was to understand and expose how sexuality and lesbianism were constructed within these judgments and to make the norms within the discourses visible. The findings showed sexuality as dependent on a heterosexual and gender-binary norm. Gender hierarchy creates structures of the gender binary that positioned the man in the center of sexual interaction, desire, and sexuality. In contrast, the woman played a passive and often invisible, and nonsexual role. Further, the gender hierarchy produced a sexual hierarchy with natural heterosexuality as the most desirable. To maintain good heterosexuality, differentiation was crucial hence the undesirable and perverted male homosexuality acted as a hostile opposition. Due to the role of women as passive lesbianism appeared invisible. The discourse of the nonsexual woman made lesbian sexuality unimaginable. As a consequence, the lesbian was assumed asexual.

Refugee children and adolescents living in refugee camps are a vulnerable population, at high risk for developing mental health disorders, behavioural problems and experiencing violence or trauma. However, not all children exposed to these stressors of displacement show negative outcomes; several refugee children and adolescents show adaptive functioning and resilient outcomes. Given the rising number of refugee minors, it is increasingly important to examine and understand protective factors for resilience among minors living in refugee camps. This knowledge could be used to develop resilience-building programs. This systematic literature review sought to identify protective factors for resilience, and available programs in the refugee camps targeting the development of resilience. Six databases were used for the searching process; ten studies were identified meeting predefined selection criteria and quality standards. Based on bio-ecological theory and the model of “7 Crucial Cs of resilience”, numerous protective factors were identified on multiple levels, including personal resources, social support, education, and connection to culture and community. Findings of this review highlight the need for a multidimensional view of resilience; the use of the “7 Crucial Cs of resilience” showed that focusing only on individual sources of resilience is not sufficient as these individual resources emerge from higher levels and systems. Two intervention programs were identified showing a resilience-building approach. Based on these results, recommendations for interventions and programs in this context are discussed. Limitations and the need for future research on sources of resilience and resilience-building interventions are outlined. / Kinder und Jugendliche, die aus ihrer Heimat geflüchtet sind, und temporär in Flüchtlingscamps leben, sind besonders gefährdet, psychosoziale Dysfunktionen zu entwickeln sowie Gewalt oder andere traumatisierende Erlebnisse zu erfahren. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass nicht alle Kinder, die diesen Stressoren ausgesetzt sind, negative Auswirkungen auf ihre Entwicklung aufweisen; einige Kinder bleiben resilient und reagieren mit erfolgreichem Anpassungsverhalten. Die hohen Flüchtlingszahlen und die steigenden Zahlen minderjähriger Flüchtlinge verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, Faktoren zu evaluieren und identifizieren, die zur Resilienz von Kindern, die in Flüchtlingslagern leben, beitragen. Es ist essenziell für Interventionsprogramme und Professionalisten, diese Schutzfaktoren zu erkennen, um Interventionen in Flüchtlingscamps durchzuführen, die auf eine Stärkung und Verbesserung der Resilienz von Kindern und Jugendlichen abzielen. Die vorliegende systemische Literaturarbeit evaluierte Schutzfaktoren, die positiv zur Resilienz von minderjährigen Flüchtlingen beitragen, sowie verfügbare Interventionsprogramme in Flüchtlingscamp, die präventiv auf Prozesse der Resilienzentwicklung einwirken. Sechs Datenbanken wurden ausführlich nach verfügbarer Literatur durchsucht; zehn Studien wurden schlussendlich ausgewählt, welche vordefinierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien entsprachen. Basierend auf ökosystemischer Theorie und dem „Modell der 7 essentiellen C für Resilienz“ wurden mehrere Schutzfaktoren in verschiedenen Systemen identifiziert. Persönliche Ressourcen des Kindes, soziale Unterstützung, Bildung, sowie kulturelle Faktoren und enge Verbindungen mit ethnischen Gemeinschaften zeigten sich als Schlüsselfaktoren für erfolgreiche Anpassung in diesem Kontext. Die Ergebnisse dieser Literaturarbeit betonen die Notwendigkeit einer multidimensionalen Sichtweise des Konzeptes Resilienz. Zwei Interventionsprogramme wurden gefunden, deren Ziel die Stärkung von Schutzfaktoren und Resilienz ist. Folglich werden Empfehlungen für Interventionen in Flüchtlingscamps diskutiert. Limitationen dieser systematischen Literaturarbeit und Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung werden debattiert.

The purpose of this study is to explore the media reporting of the Ukrainian refugees in Denmark, in order to analyse what hegemonic underpinnings are present. The thesis employs a constructivist approach and analyses the material by using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as a method. The empirical material is limited to 20 articles from the Danish newspaper Politiken. The analysis of the material discusses that the Ukrainian refugees are described as being part of the in-group. By using the theories of orientalism and eurocentrism, and the concept of sameness as theoretical framework, the study is able to explore what role skin colour and religion play in media representations of refugees. Moreover, also how the wish for sameness plays a role in the inclusion and exclusion of human beings. The thesis contributes to the academic field of racialization and media representations, as it enables an exploration of a timely and new refugee group.

This study analyzes the immigration policies of the Social Democrats, Moderates, Swedish Democrats, and the Left Party in Sweden in 2013, before the refugee crisis 2015, using Carl Dahlström's theoretical framework differentiating different types of immigration policy. It aims to uncover their policy positions on immigration, based on Carl Dahlström's three dimensions, where he emphasizes the combination of these three dimensions that further generates eight different types of immigration policies. Carl Dahlström is a professor of political science and dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Gothenburg. His research primarily focuses on public administration and welfare policy, but he also investigates immigration policy and anti-immigration parties. Method: Idea analysis is utilized to dissect the immigration narratives of these parties from various texts. Results: Findings indicate that the Social Democrats and the Left Party advocate multiculturalism, advocating diversity and inclusion. In contrast, the Sweden Democrats push for assimilation, emphasizing cultural uniformity, while the Moderates support universalistic policies focusing on rights and economic integration. Conclusion: Prior to the refugee crisis, immigration policy was highly politicized among Swedish parties, each adopting distinct stances. The study underscores the politicization of immigration, marked by ideological differences and public discourse, offering critical insights into Sweden's immigration policy landscape.

This thesis examines the impact of varying prostitution laws on international human trafficking, focusing on the Netherlands and Sweden. While the Netherlands legalizes sex work, Sweden adopts the Nordic model, criminalizing buyers but not sellers. Through qualitative analysis of social aid workers' perspectives, the study explores how different legal frameworks influence trafficking dynamics. Despite efforts to prevent trafficking, Sweden experiences a rise in rape cases, while legalizing sex work in the Netherlands aims to regulate the industry but can inadvertently facilitate exploitation by pimps. By addressing this gap in research, the study aims to determine whether certain legal approaches unintentionally increase trafficking. Findings will contribute to understanding the complex relationship between sex work laws and human trafficking, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners striving to fight exploitation and protect vulnerable individuals.

AbstractThe study aims to hear and represent the experiences of Afghan immigrant mothers in Malmö, Sweden. By focusing on the individual level, the research seeks to investigate the challenges of raising children and the strategies developed to overcome those challenges.  A qualitative research design was chosen for the study, using data from five semi-structured interviews and a focus group. The research is theoretically framed by Berry's acculturation theory and concepts of parenting. The finding indicates that Afghan immigrant mothers face challenges as individuals and as parents during their integration process. The key challenges include adapting to a new way of living, overcoming language barriers, changes in social position and lack of social networks. Additionally, Cultural influence on parenting, the difference between the collective and individualistic parenting styles in Swedish society, and differences in acculturation levels, authority and discipline were significant factors. Finally, the thesis implies immigrant mothers need structural support through access to language classes and community programs to navigate the Swedish system and professional support to integrate successfully into the Swedish community.

This thesis explores the experiences of belonging and waiting of young Hazara refugees from Afghanistan living in Sweden under temporary residence permits. The study aims to investigate the experiences of social and political belonging of young Hazara refugees with temporary residence permits, focusing on their experiences of waiting for permanent legal decisions in the context of their asylum process. The case study utilises a transformative worldview and delves into the young Hazara's narratives of social and political belonging amidst prolonged legal uncertainty through semi-structured interviews with four young Hazara refugees, aged 18-22, who arrived in Sweden as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and have lived in Sweden since 2015. It focuses on themes such as the importance of Home, social networks, and the impact of legal liminality. It further explores the refugee's worry about deportation, challenges in pursuing education, experiences of waiting, and aspirations for the future. The findings highlight the experiences of legal uncertainty and its impact on their social and political belonging. Further research is needed on social and political belonging and waiting in the context of temporary border control. This can help improve policies for young Hazaras with temporary residency permits and other disadvantaged groups.

Under de senaste åren har omvärlden varit fylld av våldsamma konflikter, till följd av detta har miljontals människor flytt sina hem. Kriget i Syrien och den ryska invasionen av Ukraina har lett till att tusentals flyktingar sökt skydd i Sverige. Tidigare forskning kring invandring i tryckpress har påvisat att den generella inställningen gentemot flyktingar varit negativ. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från denna kontext och söker svar på följande frågeställning: Hur konstrueras diskursen kring syriska och ukrainska flyktingar i Dagens Nyheter? Vilka subjektspositioner möjliggörs? samt Hur framställs och representeras dessa i diskursen utifrån ett ”vi och dem” perspektiv? Utifrån en diskursinspirerad innehållsanalys har jag totaltanalyserat 24 artiklar publicerade i Sveriges främsta morgontidning Dagens Nyheter, baserat på de två tidsperioderna som respektive flyktinggrupp flydde till Sverige. Genom diskurs- ochrepresentationsteorier fann jag att framställningarna av syriska- och ukrainska flyktingarskilde sig åt avsevärt utifrån ett ”vi och dem” perspektiv. Den förra skildrades som ett ”problem” som krävde restriktiva, politiska handlingar och den senare som ”jämlik” och priviligierad. Således visar min undersökning hur dessa två flyktinggrupper tilldelas skilda positioner inom samma diskurs, vilket praktiskt taget, avgör deras handlingsmöjligheter i Sverige. / In recent years, the world has been filled with violent conflicts, hence millions of people have fled their homes. The war in Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have led to thousands of refugees seeking refuge in Sweden. Previous research on immigration in the print press hasshown that the general attitude towards refugees has been negative. The purpose of the essay is based on this context and seeks answers to the following questions: How is the discourse around Syrian and Ukrainian refugees constructed? Which subject-positions are enabled? and How are these portrayed and represented within the discourse based on an “us and them” perspective? Based on a discourse-inspired content analysis, I have analyzed a total of 24 articles published in Sweden's most prominent morning newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, during the two time periods of which each refugee group fled to Sweden. Through discourse and representation theories, I found that the representations of Syrian and Ukrainian refugees differed significantly from an "us and them" perspective. The former was portrayed as a "problem" that required restrictive, political actions and the latter as "equal" and privileged. Thus, my research shows how these two refugee groups are assigned different positions within the same discourse, which determines their possibilities for practical action in Sweden.