High-quality group psychotherapy training is considered more important than ever in the current mental health care environment. With the need for ongoing education and development in the field of group psychotherapy, concern has been raised regarding the lack of group psychotherapy training guidelines for trainee psychologists. Findings from numerous empirical studies show that at present, most training courses often maintain a rather unstructured format for fostering an experiential group process. The literature suggests that without standardized course objectives, students are vulnerable to harm, they are ill equipped to meet professional demands, and trainers are not provided with adequate guidelines for instruction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the relevant literature in order to describe the principles of group psychotherapy as they manifest in group interaction, and to compare the subjective experiences of trainee group psychotherapists with the findings from the literature. The aim of this investigation was to generate hypotheses about the effectiveness of the use of an experiential group as a training medium, in group psychotherapy. Further objectives included exploring the merits of an experiential approach to training in group psychotherapy, and identifying factors that could potentially aid/hinder trainee development. In order to adhere to the objectives of the investigation, a qualitative, exploratory research design was used. Data for the study was gathered by means of a client-centered interview conducted with five group psychotherapy trainees who received training in a Clinical Psychology Masters program. In addition, these trainees were also required to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The interview focused on how the trainees' subjective, affective experiences influenced their perceptions of the qualitative aspects of group life, while the questionnaire was designed to elicit information about the ways in which trainees cognitively conceptualized their understanding of group process, group dynamics and group facilitation skills. The results of the study were analysed through the qualitative method of content analysis. Results showed that, while trainees may have perceived that they gained tremendous benefits through exposure to the experiential group, an analysis of their interaction patterns highlighted certain areas which can be considered problematic. For example, it was found that trainees did not have a theoretical understanding of group process and group dynamics, and were therefore, not equipped with the necessary skills required to facilitate groups. This is further substantiated by the finding that the group facilitator had a pervasive influence on the development of the individual trainee and on the development of the group as a whole. Furthermore, results obtained raised certain concerns regarding the suitability and adequacy of using an experiential group as a tool for training, in group psychotherapy. The research findings suggest that, while the experiential group may provide the trainee with an invaluable experience, it alone is insufficient as a training method, in group psychotherapy. This study also raises questions about the ethics of such a training program in its current form. One of the major conclusions of this investigation is that there is a need for ongoing research and evaluation of the training programs. Finally, recommendations are made for improving the group psychotherapy training experience. These recommendations are based on the evaluation of the trainees' subjective experiences / Psychology / (M.A.(Clinical Psychology))

Text in Afrikaans / Aanduidings bestaan dat jongmense na twaalf jaar van kategetiese onderrig steeds slegs 'n opperviakkige kennis, begrip van en insig in skrifwaarhede het. Hierdie probleem moet deur die praktiese teologie aangespreek word, want kategetiese onderrig is 'n kommunikatiewe handeling in diens van die evangelie. Die praktiese teologie kan 'n bydrae lewer deur die polivorme en polivalente leefwereld van die jeugdige (as praxis) te beskryf en te verklaar, sodat tot groter insig in die geloofswereld van die jeugdige gekom kan word, maar ook wee verken waardeur die jeugdige effektief met die Evangelie bereik kan word. Onderhawige studie poog om langs beskrywend-analitiese weg ervaringsleer as aanbiedingswyse te ondersoek met die doel om te bepaal of ervaringsleer moontlikhede bied wat kan verseker dat skrifwaarhede effektief ontsluit word. Die vertrekpunt in die studie is die leerparadigmatiese en 'n konstruktivistiese benadering tot leer word gevolg. Die meriete van die benutting van ervaringsleer moet gesien word vanuit 'n prakties-teologiese vertrekpunt waar die praxis krities ondersoek is met die doel om kommunikatiewe handelinge tussen jeugwerker en jeugdige in diens van die evangelie te optimaliseer. / Indications are that youth, after twelve years of catechetical instruction, still have superficial knowledge, understanding and insight into biblical truths. This problem must be addressed within practical theology, because catechetical instruction is a communicative action in evangelical service. The practical theology can make a contribution by describing and interpreting the multifarious and multifaceted world of the youth (as praxis). In this way, greater insight can be gained into the spiritual life of the youth and ways can be explored to reach youth more effectively with the Word. This study, by means of a descriptive and analytical review of experiential learning, attempts to determine whether experiential learning could be used to effectively disclose biblical truths. The approach was based on the learning paradigm and a constructivistic view of learning. The merit of using experiential learning in youth work must be seen from a practical theology perspective where the praxis was critically examined with a view of optimising the communicative interaction between youth and youth workers. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / Thesis (M. Diac.)--Universiteit van Suid-Afrika, 2000.

與傳統行銷相反，Schmitt（1999）提出的體驗行銷將焦點放在顧客體驗上，提供知覺的、情感的、認知的、行為的以及關係的價值來取代功能價值，不同於商品與服務停留在顧客之外，體驗可以深入到顧客的內在，並將其價值持續的延續，有助於品牌的記憶與區隔。 本研究以好市多（Costco）做為研究案例，透過質化與量化研究探討策略體驗模組SEMs（感官、情感、思考、行動、關聯策略模組）、體驗價值（投資報酬、卓越服務、美感、趣味性價值）、顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度間之關係，並提出實務的建言。 研究結果發現如下： 一、透過適當的「策略體驗模組」可正向強化不同構面的「體驗價值」。 二、「策略體驗模組」五個構面以及「體驗價值」四個構面皆可正向強化「顧客滿意度」。 三、關聯體驗、情感體驗、行動體驗都可以影響忠誠度，「關聯體驗」訴求品牌社群的意識與凝聚對「顧客忠誠度」影響力最大。 四、體驗價值中僅有「美感價值」無法影響「顧客忠誠度」，剩餘構面中影響力最大則是「趣味性價值」。 五、顧客滿意度可以有效預測顧客忠誠度。 / Different from traditional marketing theory, experiential marketing (Schmitt 1999) focuses on customer experience, offering customer the value of sense, feel, think, act & relate to take place of traditional marketing functional value. Products & services can only touch customers’ outside, but experience can go inside customers’ hearts, and the value of experience will last for a very long time. To use experiential marketing well will help enterprise brand outperform others and memorized by customers. This research uses Costco as the case to study the relationship of SEMs(Sense, Feel, Think, Act & Relate), experiential value(CROI, Service Excellence, Aesthetics, & Playfulness), customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Also at the end, this research will offer practical suggestions to Costco. Our findings as following: 1.By choosing right modules of SEMs can positively predict or influence all aspects of experiential value. 2.All five modules of SEMs and four aspects of experiential value can positive predict or influence customer satisfaction. 3.Relate, Feel, & Act modules can positively predict or influence customer loyalty. Relate module appealing to the coherence of brand community is the most important factor to predict customer loyalty. 4.Only Aesthetics can’t positively predict customer loyalty. For the rest, Playfulness is the most important factor to influence customer loyalty. 5.Customer satisfaction can positively predict customer loyalty.

體驗行銷相當受到企業與行銷界的重視。這個趨勢乃是因應消費者對消費商品的關注不再只是停留在於對消費商品本身的考量，進而開始注重消費商品所帶來的服務和整體感受。企業開始與消費者進行對話，觀察消費者的需求，體驗行銷因而廣為應用。Nike-Running Club以活動方式，利用社群集結慢跑同好的體驗行銷模式，引發本研究之動機。採實證探討方式，研究體驗行銷、體驗價值、品牌形象、顧客滿意與忠誠度的關係。本研究分析結果如下： (1)差異性分析顯示, 不同人口變項對體驗價值、顧客滿意、品牌形象及忠誠度的差異性是顯著的。研究顯示參與活動次數較多者在體驗價值、顧客滿意與忠誠度得分顯著高於參與活動次數較少者。 (2)實證分析體驗行銷、體驗價值、顧客滿意、品牌形象及忠誠度之內涵方面顯示: 在各不同分析層面所有的變數中情感體驗、趣味性價值的影響力是相對較強的，思考體驗及消費者投資報酬價值相對是較弱。體驗價值對品牌形象之影響力較低。 (3)顧客滿意、忠誠度與品牌形象各變數彼此相互影響，其中又以顧客滿意影響忠誠度的強度較高。 (4)體驗行銷與體驗價值呈現顯著正相關。體驗價值、品牌形象、顧客滿意與忠誠有顯著正相關。 / Experiential Marketing has received great attention from enterprises and the marketing field. This trend corresponds to the fact that there is growing number of customers paying attention, beyond consumer goods themselves, to the service and the total quality of the consumer goods they purchase. The dialogue between enterprise and customers begins with enterprise observing the needs of the customers in the way of Experience Marketing. For example, Nike-Running Club designed experiential marketing programs and memberships to attract social group participation. This research used Nike-Running Club as a case to empirically study the relationships of Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Image and Brand Loyalty. Convenience sampling methodology is used to sample customers of Nike-Running Club. ANOVA and Regression analyses are used to analyze the data collected via questionnaire. The results show: (1)ANOVA analyses indicate, variations among different demographic variable groups are significant. Especially, the frequent participants show higher Experiential Values, Customers Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty than less frequent participants. (2)Empirical analyses of the measures of Experience Marketing, Experience Value, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Image and Brand Loyalty show: Among all the measurements at different analysis levels in regression models, sensing experience and playfulness have relative higher strength; thinking experience and customer return on investment experience value have less strength. Also, Experience Value has less impact on Brand Image. (3)Customer Satisfaction, Brand Loyalty and Brand Image mutually influence each other. Among which, Customer Satisfaction has higher impact on Brand Loyalty. (4)Experiential Marketing and Experience Value have significant positive correlation. Experiential Value, Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty have significantly positive correlation with one another. This research also conducted interviews to collect qualitative data to support and interpret quantitative analysis results and propose suggestions for future research.

夏業良、魯煒在他們所譯的體驗經濟時代一書中提到：「消費是一種過程，當過程結束後，體驗的記憶將恆久存在」，消費者對於實體商品的消費可能因時間、空間的流失而結束，但他們對消費實體商品後，所衍生出來的感動與情感依附，卻可能長久存在，從實體商品轉換成感覺商品的價值差異，正是所有體驗行銷推動者，所試圖創造並達到的。 基於一次對黃金博物園區的親身旅遊經驗，研究者發現該園區具備執行體驗行銷之完整條件，因此引發本研究動機，以此為個案，採問卷調查法與焦點訪談法，研究黃金博物園區體驗行銷之策略。 本研究採取驗證性之方法，獲得結果如下： 1.遊客對黃金博物園區體驗行銷五大策略模組，整體同意度接近4，趨向同意。 2.遊客對黃金博物園區體驗價值，整體同意度超過3.6，趨向同意。 3.遊客對黃金博物園區顧客滿意度與忠誠度，整體同意度為3.8，趨向同意。 4.人口變項與體驗行銷、體驗價值、顧滿意度、忠誠度關聯性不顯著。 5.遊客的旅遊態度與型態，影響遊客對體驗行銷五大策略模組的感受。 6.體驗行銷與體驗價值正向顯著關係，部分成立。 經由本論文問卷資料分析實證結果發現「感官體驗對美感價值、服務優越性 有顯著正向關係」；「情感體驗對美感價值、服務優越性、趣味性有顯著正 向關係」；「行動體驗對服務優越性、趣味性、美感價值有顯著正向關 係」；「思考體驗對服務優越性、趣味性、美感價值有顯著正向關係」； 「關聯體驗對趣味性價值有顯著正向關係」。而「感官體驗對趣味性價 值」、「關聯體驗對服務優越性、美感價值」，卻沒有呈現顯著正向關係。 7.體驗價值與顧客滿意度有正向顯著關係。 8.體驗價值與忠誠度有正向顯著關係。 9.顧客滿意與忠誠度有正向顯著關係。 10.黃金博物園區擁有五大成功關鍵因素（KSF），可提供其他生態博物園 區、博物館，作為體驗行銷執行策略之參考。 （1）保持原味（Originality） （2）具有獨特性（Unique） （3）多變性（Variation） （4）價格低廉（Free & Inexpensive） （5）市場區隔（Distinctive） / In the “Era of Experiential Economy” translated by Xia and Lu, it reads: “Consumption is a process, and when this process is over, the experiential memory is what lasts forever.” A consumer’s consumption of a physical product may end with spatial or temporal changes; however, the feeling and affect that derive from the consumption may last forever, and the difference in value in the transition from a physical product to an affect product is what all experiential marketers are trying to achieve. After returning from a trip to the Gold Ecological Park (hereafter the “Park”), it was determined that the Park had all the necessary conditions for experiential marketing, and this study was conducted as a result. This present study is a case study of the Park using methods such as questionnaire survey and focus-group interview, aiming at the strategies of the Park’s experiential marketing. The results yielded by the analysis are as follows: 1. The overall level of the interviewed tourists' (hereafter the “respondents”) agreement regarding the Park’s five major marketing strategies was close to 4. 2. The overall level of the respondents' agreement regarding the Park’s experiential value exceeded 3.6. 3. The overall level of the respondents’ agreement regarding the Park’s customer satisfaction and loyalty was 3.8. 4. There were no significant correlations between demographic variables, experiential marketing, experiential value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. 5. A tourist’s travel-related attitude and style affect how he/she feels about the five major experiential strategies. 6. The statement that there is a significantly positive correlation between experiential marketing and experiential value is partially supported. The findings yielded by our questionnaire indicate that “there is a significantly positive correlation between sensory experiences, aesthetic values, and superiority of services.” “There is a significantly positive correlation between affective experience, aesthetic values, superiority of services, and fun.” “There is a significantly positive correlation between action-based experience, aesthetic values, superiority of services, and fun.” “There is a significantly positive correlation between thinking-based experience, aesthetic values, superiority of services, and fun.” “There is a significantly positive correlation between correlation-based experience and fun values.” However, there is no significantly positive correlation between “sensory experience and fun values” or between “correlation-based experience and aesthetic values and superiority of services.” 7. There is a significantly positive correlation between experiential values and customer satisfaction. 8. There is a significantly positive correlation between experiential values and customer loyalty. 9. There is a significantly positive correlation between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. 10. The Park has five KSF, or Key Success Factors, that serve as valuable reference for other ecological parks and museums in their experiential marketing. （1）Originality （2）Unique （3）Variation （4）Free & Inexpensive （5）Distinctive

This thesis is oriented to The Intensity of Experience and its role in The Dramaturgy of Experiential Courses. The main concepts: The Intensity of Experience and The Dynamics of Experience, are described in the theoretical part. At first, the author defines the concept of The Intensity of Experience, furthermore she describes diferences between The Intensity and Dynamics of Experience in order to implement both concepts into the context of Experiential Education. The second chapter is aimed at Experiential Courses, their background and history, principles of Experiential Education and Dramaturgy of Experiential Education Courses. The main part of the thesis is the third chapter, which is devoted to quantitative-qualitative research. This research is focused on The Intensity of Experience evaluated by the participants, which the author further compares with The Intensity of Experience intended by instructors. The research results indicate differences between The Intensity of Experience intended by the instructor and The Intensity of Experience that participants felt after courses.

High-quality group psychotherapy training is considered more important than ever in the current mental health care environment. With the need for ongoing education and development in the field of group psychotherapy, concern has been raised regarding the lack of group psychotherapy training guidelines for trainee psychologists. Findings from numerous empirical studies show that at present, most training courses often maintain a rather unstructured format for fostering an experiential group process. The literature suggests that without standardized course objectives, students are vulnerable to harm, they are ill equipped to meet professional demands, and trainers are not provided with adequate guidelines for instruction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the relevant literature in order to describe the principles of group psychotherapy as they manifest in group interaction, and to compare the subjective experiences of trainee group psychotherapists with the findings from the literature. The aim of this investigation was to generate hypotheses about the effectiveness of the use of an experiential group as a training medium, in group psychotherapy. Further objectives included exploring the merits of an experiential approach to training in group psychotherapy, and identifying factors that could potentially aid/hinder trainee development. In order to adhere to the objectives of the investigation, a qualitative, exploratory research design was used. Data for the study was gathered by means of a client-centered interview conducted with five group psychotherapy trainees who received training in a Clinical Psychology Masters program. In addition, these trainees were also required to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The interview focused on how the trainees' subjective, affective experiences influenced their perceptions of the qualitative aspects of group life, while the questionnaire was designed to elicit information about the ways in which trainees cognitively conceptualized their understanding of group process, group dynamics and group facilitation skills. The results of the study were analysed through the qualitative method of content analysis. Results showed that, while trainees may have perceived that they gained tremendous benefits through exposure to the experiential group, an analysis of their interaction patterns highlighted certain areas which can be considered problematic. For example, it was found that trainees did not have a theoretical understanding of group process and group dynamics, and were therefore, not equipped with the necessary skills required to facilitate groups. This is further substantiated by the finding that the group facilitator had a pervasive influence on the development of the individual trainee and on the development of the group as a whole. Furthermore, results obtained raised certain concerns regarding the suitability and adequacy of using an experiential group as a tool for training, in group psychotherapy. The research findings suggest that, while the experiential group may provide the trainee with an invaluable experience, it alone is insufficient as a training method, in group psychotherapy. This study also raises questions about the ethics of such a training program in its current form. One of the major conclusions of this investigation is that there is a need for ongoing research and evaluation of the training programs. Finally, recommendations are made for improving the group psychotherapy training experience. These recommendations are based on the evaluation of the trainees' subjective experiences / Psychology / (M.A.(Clinical Psychology))

Text in Afrikaans / Aanduidings bestaan dat jongmense na twaalf jaar van kategetiese onderrig steeds slegs 'n opperviakkige kennis, begrip van en insig in skrifwaarhede het. Hierdie probleem moet deur die praktiese teologie aangespreek word, want kategetiese onderrig is 'n kommunikatiewe handeling in diens van die evangelie. Die praktiese teologie kan 'n bydrae lewer deur die polivorme en polivalente leefwereld van die jeugdige (as praxis) te beskryf en te verklaar, sodat tot groter insig in die geloofswereld van die jeugdige gekom kan word, maar ook wee verken waardeur die jeugdige effektief met die Evangelie bereik kan word. Onderhawige studie poog om langs beskrywend-analitiese weg ervaringsleer as aanbiedingswyse te ondersoek met die doel om te bepaal of ervaringsleer moontlikhede bied wat kan verseker dat skrifwaarhede effektief ontsluit word. Die vertrekpunt in die studie is die leerparadigmatiese en 'n konstruktivistiese benadering tot leer word gevolg. Die meriete van die benutting van ervaringsleer moet gesien word vanuit 'n prakties-teologiese vertrekpunt waar die praxis krities ondersoek is met die doel om kommunikatiewe handelinge tussen jeugwerker en jeugdige in diens van die evangelie te optimaliseer. / Indications are that youth, after twelve years of catechetical instruction, still have superficial knowledge, understanding and insight into biblical truths. This problem must be addressed within practical theology, because catechetical instruction is a communicative action in evangelical service. The practical theology can make a contribution by describing and interpreting the multifarious and multifaceted world of the youth (as praxis). In this way, greater insight can be gained into the spiritual life of the youth and ways can be explored to reach youth more effectively with the Word. This study, by means of a descriptive and analytical review of experiential learning, attempts to determine whether experiential learning could be used to effectively disclose biblical truths. The approach was based on the learning paradigm and a constructivistic view of learning. The merit of using experiential learning in youth work must be seen from a practical theology perspective where the praxis was critically examined with a view of optimising the communicative interaction between youth and youth workers. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Thesis (M. Diac.)--Universiteit van Suid-Afrika, 2000.

Background - For the retail industry, the increasing adoption of e-commerce solutions have brought opportunities, but also challenges. As physical stores have to varied extent lost their importance, they can no longer solely compete on price or quality but can instead benefit from adopting an experiential marketing strategy. Experiential marketing acknowledges the consumer as rational and emotional, and focuses on how to engage the customer through value adding experiences. Swedish retailers face these challenges right now as an increasing share of all Swedish retail sales are made online. The body cosmetics industry makes up the second largest segment of Swedish e-commerce sales, but also holds some of the most prominent brands in offering store experiences, making it a competitive and interesting industry to explore from an experiential marketing perspective. Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore how experiential marketing strategies impact customers’ perception of value within the body cosmetics retail industry in Sweden. The research fills a gap since no previous qualitative study has been made connecting experiential marketing with customer perception of value within this industry. Method - An exploratory study with and inductive research approach has been conducted to answer the research question. A multi-method qualitative research design, where the methodological triangulation builds on company and customer interviews, as well as observations to explore the topic and fill the research gap. The findings were analysed with an thematic analysis, in which the authors identified four themes. Findings and Conclusion - The findings result in four themes essential when using experiential marketing strategies to impact the customer’s perception of value; staff interaction, value co-creation, a unified strategy and a higher purpose. It is concluded that experiential marketing is a way in which companies positively can impact customer perception of value.

體驗行銷最早於1999年被Schmitt學者所提出，其概念為透過體驗媒介與策略體驗模組的相互搭配，創造出不同的體驗，使消費者能感同身受，進而創造美好的回憶並改變其態度與行為。根據過去文獻指出，不同的體驗將會產生不同的體驗價值，進而影響滿意度與忠誠度，此外，涉入程度亦為影響體驗價值產生之因素之一。因此，本研究以體驗行銷的角度出發，欲探討體驗行銷、涉入程度、體驗價值、滿意度與忠誠度五大構面之間的關係與影響程度。 　　以往探討表演藝術體驗行銷之研究，多以被動聆賞式的表演型態為例，而國家交響樂團(NSO)於 2017 年 1 月 1 日所舉辦之《NSO 840人鋼琴馬拉松音樂會》，為主動參與式的體驗，其特色為參與者可同時扮演觀眾與表演者之角色。由於針對主動參與式的表演藝術體驗活動之研究較少，因此，本研究以《NSO 840 人鋼琴馬拉松音樂會》為例，探討顧客參與藝文活動的體驗對於整體態度的影響路徑，以補足過去主動參與式之藝文活動實證研究的不足，同時對未來藝文活動之主辦單位給予行銷策略之參考建議。 　　本研究採用問卷調查法進行樣本蒐集與分析，結果發現，體驗行銷中的「感官情感體驗」對於體驗價值與滿意度之提升最具顯著效果，並且能透過體驗價值的部分中介效果，影響滿意度。此外，參與者的涉入程度會透過體驗價值的部分中介效果，進而影響滿意度，而滿意度對忠誠度有顯著的正向影響。因此，建議藝文活動之主辦單位可透過整體舞台佈置的美觀性與活動路線舒適感的改善、活動趣味性的提升，以及提高參與者的涉入程度，來增進其顧客滿意，進而達到忠誠度提升之最終目的。 / The term” Experiential Marketing” was firstly developed from Schmitt’s study in 1999. As experience itself can happen in any industry or any stage of purchasing, it is important to understand the process of how customer creates value through different types of experience and how the experience influences the customers’ attitude and behavior. Previous studies also indicated that customer involvement may be another factor to influence the creation of experiential value.Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the relationship between experiential marketing, customer involvement, experiential value, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. 　　The previous studies of experiential marketing in performing arts usually applied to passively-participating audience who only “watch” the performance without interacting with the performers. This paper takes ”NSO Piano Marathon Concert for 840 Players”, which features customers’ positively participating as being both the audience and the performers in the same activity, as a study case , trying to compliment the lack of empirical research in this type of experiential marketing. 　　The study adopts the questionnaire survey method. The results of the analysis show that “Sensory and Emotive experience” has the most significant influence on experiential value and will indirectly influence customer satisfaction through the partial mediating effect by experiential value. Customer involvement will indirectly influence customer satisfaction through the partial mediating effect by experiential value. Customer satisfaction has a positive influence on customer loyalty. Therefore, the study suggests that the activity host put more attention to enhance the Sensory and Emotive experience by improving the attraction of stage layout, the whole traffic flow and the entertainment of activity. Meanwhile, enhancing the participants’ involvement will help increase the customer satisfaction as well.