Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao William.pdf: 3403982 bytes, checksum: cac96344d66257744889562ee1b77235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-04 / Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm where it is possible to use knowledge from past experiences to solve new situations. The CBR agent approach that combines agent autonomy with the problem-solving model of CBR has been proven adequate for the development of complex systems. This paper proposes the architecture of a CBR agent whose main differential is the use of ontologies for representing the case base along with all the mechanisms that make up a CBR system. The proposed architecture besides promoting the reuse of the case ontology, unifies the software agent approach with CBR, a typical paradigm of human reasoning. All the CBR mechanisms are present in the proposed architecture: case representation, similarity analysis for cases retrieval, adaptation and cases learning, where the last two mechanisms are still being specified. The architecture was evaluated in the Brazilian Family Law legal domain. For that, a targeted ontology for the representation CBR cases of this area was created. The results obtained in the tests showed good effectiveness in retrieving similar cases and showing the feasibility of the architecture using the semantic model of similarity for retrieval of CBR cases. / O Raciocínio Baseado em Casos (RBC) é um paradigma de resolução de problemas no qual é possível utilizar conhecimentos de experiências passadas para resolver novas situações. A abordagem de agentes RBC que combina a autonomia dos agentes e o modelo de resolução de problemas do RBC tem se mostrado adequada para o desenvolvimento de sistemas complexos. Este trabalho propõe a arquitetura de um agente RBC cujo principal diferencial é utilizar ontologias para representar a base de casos junto com todos os mecanismos que compõem um sistema RBC. A arquitetura proposta, além de promover o reúso da ontologia de representação dos casos, unifica as abordagens de agentes de software e RBC, um paradigma de raciocínio típico dos seres humanos. Estão presentes na arquitetura os mecanismos de representação dos casos, análise de similaridade para recuperação de casos, adaptação e aprendizado de casos, estes dois últimos ainda em fase de especificação. A arquitetura foi avaliada no domínio jurídico do Direito de Família brasileiro, sendo que para isso foi criada uma ontologia, representando casos RBC nesta área. Os resultados obtidos nos testes realizados demonstraram uma boa efetividade na recuperação de casos similares e a consequente viabilidade do uso da arquitetura com o modelo de similaridade semântico utilizado para recuperação de casos RBC.

1 Maintenance duty between parents and children and ancestors and descendants Resumé The topic of my thesis is the maintenance obligation between parents and children and ancestors and descendants. After the introduction, I addressed the history of maintenance obligation in family law focused on the legal regulation of maintenance obligation. Act No. 265/1949 on Family Law changed the institute of the power of a father to the institute of the power of parents. Father and mother had and have until now the same rights and the same obligations in the upbringing and nutrition of children. First, the law established maintenance obligation for mothers. The said Act did not make difference between a child born to the marriage and a child born outside of marriage. This Act was progressive. The Family Act No. 94/1963 Call. related to the economic change which had an influence on the vast changes of our legal order. The said Act has been amended for several times. Since January1,2014, maintenance obligation has been regulated by the Civil Code, Act No. 89/2012 Coll. into which the family law is incorporated. The Civil Code is a general code of private law which is, in terms of content, not continuous with the previous Civil Code, No. 40/1964, however this does not apply to family law. The Civil Code takes over the...

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare beaktar barnperspektivet i umgängesärenden och vad som är avgörande när socialsekreteraren skall bedöma barnets åsikt. Barnperspektivet inriktades på barns delaktighet. Utgångspunkten för studien var fyra teorier, barndomssociologi, Harts delaktighetsstege, makt och ålderskategorisering samt blivande och varande. Studien genomfördes genom att använda en kvalitativ metod där fyra yrkesverksamma socialsekreterare inom familjerätt intervjuades. Resultatet visade att socialsekreterarna som deltog beaktade ett barnperspektiv på så sätt att de arbetar för och reflekterar aktivt kring att barn ska göras delaktiga i umgängesärenden. De ansåg även att det är viktigt att barnen får möjligheten till delaktighet. Det framkom även att det finns många faktorer som socialsekreterarna anser påverkar barns möjlighet till delaktighet i dessa ärenden och att det är ett komplext ämne. De faktorer som framkommer av resultatet var ålder, mognad, lojalitetskonflikter, föräldrarnas samtycke, relationen mellan socialsekreterare och barn samt riskområden. Slutligen framkom flera förslag på förbättring som kan göras för att barn ska bli ännu mer delaktiga än vad de är idag och att mycket av ansvaret ligger på de vuxna att detta händer. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers consider the child´s perspective in contact orders and what is crucial when social workers was to assess children’s opinions. The child´s perspective focused on children's participation. The starting point for the study was based on four theories: childhood sociology, Hart's participation ladder, power and age categorization and being or becoming. The study was carried out using a qualitative method where four professional social workers in family law were interviewed. The results showed that the social workers who participated considered the child's perspective in that they work for and actively reflect on the involvement of children in contact orders. They believe that it is important that the children get the opportunity to participate. Social workers believe that there are many factors affecting children’s ability to participate in contact orders, therefore making the subject complex/a complex matter. The factors that emerged from the result were age, maturity, loyalty conflicts, parental consent, the relationship between social workers and children and risk areas. Finally, several suggestions for improvement were discovered that could be utilized to make children even more involved in contact orders than they are today, and that much of that responsibility should lie with the adults.

Cette thèse porte sur le droit des femmes et les enjeux d'une amélioration de leur statut juridique et social. L'analyse des textes qui gouvernent le droit des femmes, essentiellement issues de la Charia, Constitution et lois du pays, révèle la nécessité de codifier les lois. La place des femmes dans l'ordre juridique saoudien est étudiée à travers la force de la loi islamique au sein du corpus juridique et l'influence des droits de l'homme internationalement reconnue. Les droits matrimoniaux sont exposés puisque la place des femmes dans la famille permet de mieux comprendre le statut des femmes au sein de la société. De nombreux obstacles ont longtemps entravé les libertés des femmes, particulièrement le poids des traditions, mais un nouveau pouvoir au féminin s'est imposé surtout depuis la nouvelle vision de l'Arabie Saoudite de 2030. Le gouvernement, la société saoudienne et les entreprises ont ensemble un rôle à jouer pour rendre justice aux femmes. / This thesis focuses on Saudi women's rights and the challenges to improve their legal and social status within the Kingdom. The analysis of the legal texts that govern women's rights from the sole official Constitution of the country - Shariah Law- reveals the need to codify laws. Women's position in the Saudi legal system is researched through the influence of Islamic Law and the international standards of human rights. A woman's rights within the household is a relevant indicator to her placement within the ranks of society. Many obstacles have long hindered women's freedom, particularly customs ans traditions as compulsory to society upbringing. Nevertheless, a new form of female power has emerged since the establishment of the Saudi Vision 2030. Moreover, the public and private sectors, including the society, have a major role to undertake in ensuring justice for women.

After release, 5 in 6 prisoners are rearrested within 9 years. A growing emphasis is on the importance of healthy family relationships in reducing recidivism and only a handful of studies have provided information on relationship education (RE) for incarcerated individuals. This study adds to this emerging effort and examines the pre/posttest results of a RE program, using a sample of 727 incarcerated adults. We find significant improvements in individual well-being (anxiety and depression) and couple functioning. Further, we find greater change in the individual domain for those in a relationship compared to those who were not.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur barnets åsikter kommer till uttryck i familjerättens utredningar gällande vårdnad, boende och umgänge och på vilket sätt barnet görs delaktigt. Studiens empiri bestod av tolv vårdnadsutredningar som ingick som aktbilagor från domstolsbeslut från en större tingsrätt under mitten av 2020. Materialet undersöktes utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsmetod. Analysen av empirin gjordes med hjälp av Harts (1992) delaktighetsstege kombinerat med ett barndomssociologiskt perspektiv. Studien visar att barn oftast är delaktiga i en ganska låg nivå utifrån Harts (1992) delaktighetsstege. Barn begränsas av att delaktigheten sker genom vuxna på olika sätt eller att barn själva kan välja att inte vara delaktiga och därmed visa aktörskap. Studien visar också att vuxna spelar en stor roll för att möjliggöra för barn att vara delaktiga. Det är de vuxna som beslutar om delaktighet. Vidare visar studien att familjerättsutredaren i många fall går efter barnets vilja, antingen att det har framkommit i samtal med barnet eller att barnets åsikt har framkommit på annat sätt. / The aim of the study was to investigate how the child's views are expressed in family court investigations concerning custody, residence, and access. The empirical material of the study consisted of twelve custody investigations included as case files from court decisions from a major district court in mid-2020. The material was examined using a qualitative content method. The analysis of the empirical data was conducted using Hart's (1992) participation ladder combined with a childhood sociology perspective. The study shows that children are usually involved at a rather low level according to Hart's (1992) participation ladder. Children are limited by the fact that participation is done by adults in different ways or that children themselves can choose not to participate and thus show agency. The study also shows that adults play a major role in enabling children to be involved. It is the adults who decide on participation. Furthermore, the study shows that in many cases the family court mediator follows the child's wishes, either expressed in discussions with the child or the child's opinion expressed in other ways.

The diploma thesis captures the genesis of foster care in our territory from the beginning to 1989. Emphasis is placed on important historical milestones that have influenced the development of foster care. The aim of the work is based on the comparison of analyzed historical documents with the findings contained in secondary sources focused on the procedures of the foster care subjects of the time to find out how this care was provided in that period, and thus expand the current state of research. Keywords: History, orphanage, foundling, foster care, home law, family law

The purpose of this essay is to make visible how social workers in family law construct gender in their custody investigations and whether there are gender differences in the assessment of mothers and fathers. This is to achieve a deeper understanding of how gender constructions can affect the investigative process and possible differentiation based on the parents´gender. Previous researches shows that social workers tend to reproduce a traditional view of family and gender, which means that women and men are assigned certain tasks and roles. Since statistics show that the district courts follow recommendations of social workers, it is important to understand how mothers and fathers are constructed in custody investigations. This was done using a qualitative content analysis of 12 custody investigations. The material was analyzed based on a constructionist gender theory and a social constructivist theory. Our study shows that social workers construct gender by identifying the mother and father based on gender stereotypes. Social workers are also more forgiving of the mother than the father when their shortcomings are presented. In the study, it was also possible to establish that there are more expectations of the mother and that social workers highlight more circumstances surrounding the mother. This meant that they focused differently depending on which of the parents was to be investigated. The study partly refuted previous research, for example by the father taking his responsibility.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka bemötande på Familjerätten i Borlänge, utifrån klienters uppfattningar, handläggares upplevelser och hur begreppet bemötande synliggörs i Borlänge Kommuns värdegrund. Empirin samlades in genom en enkätstudie, dokumentstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Vidare använde vi oss av professionsetik som teoretiskt ramverk. Empirin analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys och diskuterades därefter utifrån professionsetik och tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att klienter hos familjerätten i Borlänge upplevde ett gott bemötande från handläggarna. Klienterna upplevde ett gott bemötande när handläggarna var lyhörda, visade respekt och var trevliga. Vidare beskriver handläggarna på Familjerätten i Borlänge att de tycker ett gott bemötande är när man visar respekt, anpassar sig utifrån klientens behov, skapar förtroende, är neutrala och förstående. De belyste även vikten av att skapa en god relation till klienten. Borlänge Kommuns värdegrund genomsyrar arbetet och de värderingar de har på Familjerätten. / The purpose of this study was to examine treatment at the Family Court in Borlänge, based on clients' perceptions, case managers' experiences and how the concept of treatment is made visible in Borlänge Municipality's core values. The empirical data was collected through a questionnaire study, document study and semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, we used professional ethics as the theoretical framework. The empirical data was analyzed using a thematic analysis and the empirical data was then discussed based on professional ethics and previous research. The results show that clients at the Family court in Borlänge municipality experienced good treatment from the caseworkers. The clients experienced good treatment when the case managers were responsive, showed respect and were nice. Furthermore, the caseworkers at Familjerätten in Borlänge municipality describe that they think good treatment is when you show respect, adapt to the client's needs, create trust, are neutral and understanding. They also highlighted the importance of creating a good relationship with the client. Borlänge municipality's core values permeate the work and the values they have in the organization.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur professionella uppfattar relationen mellan våld och samarbetssvårigheter. Arbetet tar även fasta på hur dessa uppfattningar konstrueras i familjerätt kontra domstol. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tre familjerättssekreterare, en domare och en advokat som arbetar med familjerättsliga mål på olika platser, runt om i Sverige. Intervjuerna genomfördes via Microsoft Teams, ansikte mot ansikte och per telefon. Det empiriska materialet som intervjuerna genererade analyserades med en tematisk analys. Det socialkonstruktivistiska perspektivet användes vid analysarbetet tillsammans med tidigare forskning, där fokus främst har legat på perspektivets syn på begreppen kön, makt och kunskap. Tidigare forskning har visat att domstol inte beaktar våld i vårdnadstvister i tillräckligt stor utsträckning samtidigt som flera studier också visat att familjerätten inte heller tar hänsyn till våld i deras arbete. Resultatet visade att begreppet samarbetssvårigheter beskrivs som intressekonflikter av familjerättssekreterare och som värdekonflikter av domare och advokat. De professionella hade en varierad uppfattning kring samarbete mellan föräldrar i de fall då våld förekommit. Majoriteten av informanterna beskrev att ett samarbete där det förekommit våld präglas av en maktobalans mellan föräldrar. Slutligen visade resultatet att advokaten och samtliga familjerättssekreterare bedömde uppgifterna om våld som trovärdiga, trots att det inte styrkts genom dom. Domstolen är av den uppfattningen att det behöver finnas någon omständighet som bekräftar uppgifter om våld, vilket följaktligen påverkar domstolens slutgiltiga bedömning kring uppgifter om ostyrkt våld. Studien visade däremot inte vilka våldsformer informanterna hade i beaktning när de delgav författarna sina beskrivningar.