<p>Inom socialt arbete med barn och familj är föräldraskap och hur barn och föräldrar</p><p>ser på just detta en viktig faktor. Därför är det väsentligt att medvetenheten om</p><p>vad som innefattas i ett bra, fungerande föräldraskap fördjupas. Barns uppfattning</p><p>om sin egen tillvaro efterfrågas sällan. Vid en översikt av den forskning som</p><p>bedrivits om barn och deras livssituation kunde vi konstatera att empirin i dessa</p><p>avhandlingar i väldigt liten utsträckning kom från barnen själva.</p><p>Uppsatsens syfte var att fördjupa kunskaperna om vad bra föräldraskap är sett ur</p><p>barns perspektiv. Våra frågeställningar var: Hur ser barns bild av ett gott föräldraskap</p><p>ut? Finns det några skillnader mellan hur en bra mamma och en bra pappa</p><p>ska vara? För att besvara dessa frågeställningar lät vi en grupp 6: e-klassare skriva</p><p>uppsatser utifrån de underliggande frågeställningar som bland annat handlar om</p><p>bra egenskaper hos en förälder, vad som är viktigt att kunna prata med en förälder</p><p>om och vikten av gränssättning. Studien utgår dels från Bowlbys anknytningsteori,</p><p>där bindning och en trygg bas är centrala begrepp. Vi anlade ett systemperspektiv</p><p>i vår kvalitativa analys och tittade på föräldraskap både utifrån familjen</p><p>som ett socialt system och familjen sett i ett samhällssystem. Analysen indelades i</p><p>olika teman som både bygger på de frågeställningar barnen hade vid uppsatsskrivandet</p><p>och de mönster vi kunde se i deras uppsatser.</p><p>Resultatet av empirin visade att ett gott föräldraskap handlar om att ge sina barn</p><p>omsorg, skydd och trygghet. Vi kunde även se en viss skillnad i hur den undersökta</p><p>gruppen barn beskriver en bra mamma respektive en bra pappa.</p> / <p>In social work with children and families parenting is an important matter. Children’s</p><p>and parent’s point of view in this matter are of great importance. What</p><p>might be included in good parenting therefore needs to be examined. Children’s</p><p>opinion about their daily life is seldom asked for. When overlooking the scientific</p><p>research that has been made about children and their situation, it became clear that</p><p>the empirical material in a very small amount comes from children themselves.</p><p>The purpose of this study was to obtain deeper knowledge about what good parenting</p><p>is from children’s perspective. Our questions were: What are children’s</p><p>beliefs about good parenting? Are there any differences between a good mother</p><p>and a good father? In order to answer these questions we gave a group of children</p><p>in 6-th class the task to write an essay about good qualities in parents, what’s important</p><p>to be able to talk to ones parents about and the importance of boundaries.</p><p>The study emanates from Bowlby’s attachment theory which holds attachment</p><p>and a secure base as central concepts. In our qualitative analysis we applied a</p><p>systems perspective and looked at parenting as a social system from a family perspective</p><p>as well as from a society perspective. The analysis was classified in</p><p>themes that emanated from the questions the children used when writing their</p><p>essays.</p><p>The results showed that good parenting is about giving the children care, protection</p><p>and security. We were also able to see certain differences in how this group</p><p>of children described a good mother and a good father.</p>

This study focuses on the meaning of the Fatherhood of God in the counselling of the adoptee. A study of relevant literature has shown that the metaphor "God the Father" is seldom incorporated in pastoral counselling. This study explores the possibility of successfully incorporating the concept "Fatherhood of God" in the counselling of the adoptee. In order to do so, the perspectives of the basis theory and metatheory have been investigated. The basis theory has been developed through an exegetical study of Old Testament verses that speak explicitly of the Fatherhood of God, as well as the three Abba-texts of the New Testament. This indicates that the covenant is closely related to the Fatherhood of God. The metatheory has been developed after studying literature regarding adoption from the perspective of other disciplines. The matters identity, rejection and loss have been shown as significant issues in the life of the adoptee. An empirical study has been done in addition to the basis- and metatheory. This investigation has brought to light that the adoptee does in general sense not connect the concept "Fatherhood of God" to his adoption. In order to develop an own model, different existing models have been investigated. Thus it was decided to use the model of Eyrich and Hines as guideline. A model has been developed and proposed that successfully incorporates the research findings of this study. It seems that the concept "Fatherhood" of God can be successfully utilised in the pastoral counselling of the adoptee, especially regarding the issues of identity, rejection and loss. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Cognitive behavioral violence prevention (CB-VP) parenting groups are commonly used for the primary and secondary prevention of violence. These groups use persuasive messages that target violence-related attitudes and cognitions, with the expectation that this will result in behavior change. Despite their frequent use as family violence prevention strategies, little is known about the actual messages being exchanged in CB-VP groups and how participants perceive and recall these messages. This study analyzes messages aimed at changing behaviors as recalled by Hispanic participants in federally funded Fatherhood groups in Miami, Florida. Applying concepts from violence prevention, behavior change messages were classified by topic, type of behavior targeted, compliance gaining strategies (Marwell & Schmitt, 1967), and sources of influence Wheeless, Baraclough & Stewart, 1983). The most common topics reported by participants included parenting role, discipline, communication content and spending time with children. Over a third of the appeals targeted behaviors that were not observable actions, but rather cognitive acts such as thinking, reflecting, and paying attention. Reward and punishment were the most frequently used compliance gaining strategies, followed by moral and expertise strategies. Most appeals were based on the expected outcomes of the proposed behaviors as the main source of influence. The results of this study provide a greater understanding of the motivations used to support behavior change messages in violence prevention parenting groups.

This study explores Indian culture in second-generation Indian American families. For the most part, this generation was not socialized to Indian culture in India, which raises the question, how do parents maintain and teach culture to their third-generation children? To answer this question, I interviewed 18 second-generation Indian American couples who had at least one child. Rather than focus on how assimilated or Americanized the families were, I examine the maintenance of Indian culture. Instead of envisioning culture as a binary between “Indian” and “American,” second-generation parents often experience “Indianness” and “Americanness” as interwoven in ways that were not always easily articulated. I also explore the co-ethnic matrimonial process of my participants to reveal the salience of Indian-American identity in their lives. A common experience among my participants was the tendency of mainstream American non-Indians to question Indian-Americans about India and Indian culture. My participants frequently were called upon to be “cultural ambassadors” to curious non-Indians. Religion served as a primary conduit for teaching Indian culture to third-generation children. Moreover, religion and ethnic identity were often conflated. Mothers and fathers share the responsibility of teaching religion to third-generation children. However, mothers tend to be the cultural keepers of the more visible cultural objects and experiences, such as, food, clothing, and language. Fathers were more likely to contribute to childcare than housework. The fathers in my study believe they father in a different social context than their fathers did. By negotiating Indian and American culture, fathers parent in a way that capitalizes on what they perceive as the “best of both worlds.” Links to the local and transnational community were critical to maintaining ties to other co-ethnics and raising children within the culture. Furthermore, most of the parents in my study said they would prefer that their children eventually marry co-ethnics in order to maintain the link to the Indian-American community. Ultimately, I found that Indian culture endures across first- and second-generation Indian Americans. However, “culture” is not a fixed or monolithic object; families continue to modify traditions to meet their emotional and cultural needs.

The period of pregnancy and childbirth is an important and sensitive time for men’s upcoming parenthood. Research into fathers’ experiences of childbearing has received less attention compared to maternal experiences. The purpose of this thesis was to study the sources fathers use to obtain information about pregnancy and childbirth, fathers’ preference for the mode of birth of their baby, and fathers’ childbirth experience and their perception of postnatal care quality.In 2007, 1105 expectant fathers were enrolled in the study when their partner had reached the middle of pregnancy. The fathers were followed until one year after the birth of their baby. The fathers were living in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden and their babies were born in one of the three hospitals in the county. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and content analysis. An index was created from a combination of fathers’ experiences of postnatal care quality.iiiCommon sources of information about pregnancy and childbirth used by prospective fathers were the Internet, their partners and the midwife. Fathers who were expecting their first baby (OR 1.4; 1.2-1.7), had a high level of education (OR 1.3; 1.2-1.5) and fathers with previous experience of caesarean section (OR 1.3; 1.1-1.6) were the greatest users of the Internet. Of the prospective fathers 71 (6.4%) desired caesarean section for the birth of their baby. Previous negative birth experience (PR 8.6; 2.6-28.3) and the experience of caesarean section (PR 5.7; 2.8-11.9) were factors associated with the wish that the baby would be born by caesarean section. A desire to plan the day of the baby’s birth (PR 6.0; 1.5-24.1) was associated with a preference for caesarean section for the men who were expecting their first baby. Two months after the birth of the baby 604 (74%) of the fathers in this group had had a positive birth experience. A correlation with a less-positive birth experience was with emergency caesarean section (OR 7.5; 4.1-13.6), instrumental vaginal birth (OR 4.2; 2.3-8.0) and if the man was unhappy with the medical care which the partner received (OR; 4.6; 2.7-7.8). Positive experience of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and attitudes was related to a satisfactory birth experience. The deficiencies in the postnatal care were mainly related to deficiencies in the information on the baby’s care and needs, and fathers’ experiences of their partners’ inadequate check-ups and medical care. A year after the birth 488 (79%) of the fathers were satisfied with the overall postnatal care, although they had pointed to deficiencies in the provision. Deficiencies in the attitude of the staff (OR 5.01; 2.80-8.98) and the medical care and check-ups their partner received were associated with fathers’ dissatisfaction with the overall postnatal care (OR 2.13; 1.25-3.62).ivMost fathers in this study had a positive birth experience and were happy with the postnatal care. The thesis highlights, however, opportunities for improvements in intrapartum and postnatal care. Healthcare professionals should be informed regarding the information provided via the web and to discuss the information that expectant fathers receive about pregnancy and childbirth. Prospective fathers should be given the opportunity to discuss their preferences and attitudes to the mode of birth. In addition, professionals should provide supportive information and be present in the delivery room. The information about the newborn baby’s care and needs can be strengthened, both before and after birth.

Like femininity, there is not one type of masculinity. Since there are different kinds of masculinities, there are also various types of fatherhood. Historical, cultural, economic, and social factors can affect fatherhood experiences in different ways. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the fatherhood experiences of lower-middle class men who live in Eskisehir and have at least one son. Within this context men&rsquo / s relations with their sons and their fathers will be the focus of this study. Issues such as early childhood experiences, maturity, work life, education life, and domestic division of labor will also be included with reference to the fatherhood experiences of the men in the sample.

Like femininity, there is not one type of masculinity. Since there are different kinds of masculinities, there are also various types of fatherhood. Historical, cultural, economic, and social factors can affect fatherhood experiences in different ways. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the fatherhood experiences of lower-middle class men who live in Eskisehir and have at least one son. Within this context men&rsquo / s relations with their sons and their fathers will be the focus of this study. Issues such as early childhood experiences, maturity, work life, education life, and domestic division of labor will also be included with reference to the fatherhood experiences of the men in the sample.

Många studier om föräldraskap är mest fokuserade på mammors upplevelser av graviditet och förlossning. Även om mammorna föder barnen och är i behov av mer vård än papporna, är det två personer som blir föräldrar. Pappor behöver också uppmärksamhet och kunskap för att bli bra föräldrar. Svenska barnmorskor och sjuksköterskor saknar ibland kunskap om mäns upplevelser av graviditet och förlossning. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa blivande/nyblivna pappors upplevelser av barnmorskors/sjuksköterskors bemötande. En litteraturstudie valdes för denna studie. 14 artiklar analyserades och de svarade på studiens syfte. I resultatet framkommer två teman, att bli bekräftad och att få ett stöd och att vara ett stöd, med tillhörande sex underteman. Pappor verkar vara de bortglömda föräldrarna. Många pappor känner att de är utelämnade och känner sig ofta oförberedda på själva förlossningen. Det framkommer även att de pappor som får extra förberedelser känner sig mer säkra under förlossningen och nyföddhetsperioden.

Inom socialt arbete med barn och familj är föräldraskap och hur barn och föräldrar ser på just detta en viktig faktor. Därför är det väsentligt att medvetenheten om vad som innefattas i ett bra, fungerande föräldraskap fördjupas. Barns uppfattning om sin egen tillvaro efterfrågas sällan. Vid en översikt av den forskning som bedrivits om barn och deras livssituation kunde vi konstatera att empirin i dessa avhandlingar i väldigt liten utsträckning kom från barnen själva. Uppsatsens syfte var att fördjupa kunskaperna om vad bra föräldraskap är sett ur barns perspektiv. Våra frågeställningar var: Hur ser barns bild av ett gott föräldraskap ut? Finns det några skillnader mellan hur en bra mamma och en bra pappa ska vara? För att besvara dessa frågeställningar lät vi en grupp 6: e-klassare skriva uppsatser utifrån de underliggande frågeställningar som bland annat handlar om bra egenskaper hos en förälder, vad som är viktigt att kunna prata med en förälder om och vikten av gränssättning. Studien utgår dels från Bowlbys anknytningsteori, där bindning och en trygg bas är centrala begrepp. Vi anlade ett systemperspektiv i vår kvalitativa analys och tittade på föräldraskap både utifrån familjen som ett socialt system och familjen sett i ett samhällssystem. Analysen indelades i olika teman som både bygger på de frågeställningar barnen hade vid uppsatsskrivandet och de mönster vi kunde se i deras uppsatser. Resultatet av empirin visade att ett gott föräldraskap handlar om att ge sina barn omsorg, skydd och trygghet. Vi kunde även se en viss skillnad i hur den undersökta gruppen barn beskriver en bra mamma respektive en bra pappa. / In social work with children and families parenting is an important matter. Children’s and parent’s point of view in this matter are of great importance. What might be included in good parenting therefore needs to be examined. Children’s opinion about their daily life is seldom asked for. When overlooking the scientific research that has been made about children and their situation, it became clear that the empirical material in a very small amount comes from children themselves. The purpose of this study was to obtain deeper knowledge about what good parenting is from children’s perspective. Our questions were: What are children’s beliefs about good parenting? Are there any differences between a good mother and a good father? In order to answer these questions we gave a group of children in 6-th class the task to write an essay about good qualities in parents, what’s important to be able to talk to ones parents about and the importance of boundaries. The study emanates from Bowlby’s attachment theory which holds attachment and a secure base as central concepts. In our qualitative analysis we applied a systems perspective and looked at parenting as a social system from a family perspective as well as from a society perspective. The analysis was classified in themes that emanated from the questions the children used when writing their essays. The results showed that good parenting is about giving the children care, protection and security. We were also able to see certain differences in how this group of children described a good mother and a good father.

The aim of this study is to describe and to interpret how fathers are concieved by their children. Various aspects of the male parent and the relationship between the child and his or her father are beeing investigated from the childs point of view. Forming an understanding of the fathers significance from the childs perspective is of particular importance for the study. This perspective is being formulated from a position that looks upon the childs socialization and the identityshaping processes as primarily a matter of "what children do with what is done to children".The empirical data in the study was obtained by interviewing one hundred children, seven and ten year old girls and boys, partly from Umeå and partly from some small villages a few swedish miles away from the town. The semistructured interviews were made with children from five different schools and from eighteen different school-classes.Data show that a vast majority describe a fairly close relationship to a father with clearly anti-patriarchal characteristics. The middle-class father is seen as a more family-oriented parent, more equal to his spouse than the working-class father who is more likely of beeing described in traditional terms. Some gender-related patterns are shown that concerns different orientations towards the father. While the boys tend to view their fathers in direct relation to themselves - him and me - the girls are more likely to describe their male parents as familyfathers and from a perspective that sees him as a partner to the mother.From the characterization the children made of their fathers from the family-drawings, four different cateogories, representing various perspectives on the father, were identified: The Positive, the Ambigous, the Disappointed and the Neutral.The symbolic interactionism, based on the works of George H. Mead, is argued to be a fruitful theoretical framework for understanding the socializationprocess in which the childs concepts of its father are being shaped. From a perspective on the cultural modernization and its impacts on parenting and the relationship between fathers and children, it is also claimed that there are reasons to beleive that the tendencies of release from a traditional determination not only put new burdons on parents and children in modern society, but also provide a widening of possibilities and a powerful potential for forming more "normalized", non-authoritarian and non-oppressive, interaction-based relations betweenchildren and their fathers. / digitalisering@umu