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Till stor del har historien om menstruation skapat strukturer och normer i samhället som bidragit till stigmatisering kring kvinnors menstruation. Kvinnor behöver hantera sin menstruation i arbetslivet, vilket kan orsaka påfrestningar för arbetsmiljön. Åtgärder som arbetsgivaren delvis kan införa för att främja kvinnors arbetsmiljö är en mensvänlig arbetsplats, som underlättar menshanteringen. En del av en mensvänlig arbetsplats är implementering av fria mensskydd. Om arbetsgivare tar ställning till att erbjuda fria mensskydd på arbetsplatserna kan uppfattningen delvis resultera i att implementeringen anses vara en överdriven rättighet som kvinnor drar fördel av på grund av biologiska skillnader. Samtidigt anses åtgärden som en självklar rättighet för att underlätta menshanteringen på arbetsplatsen. Rättigheterna skulle vidare kunna vara ändamål för bildandet av ett framtida ramverk inom lagstiftningen. Studien har undersökt arbetsgivarens motiv till skapandet av en mensvänligare arbetsplats, utifrån en institutionell teori. Vidare har studien analyserat skapandet baserat på feministisk teori. Åtta kvalitativa intervjustudier genomfördes, intervjuerna resulterade i material som sedan analyserades för att vidare kopplas samman med den teoretiska referensramen, vilket har omfattats av institutionell-, och feministisk teori samt ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv. Reaktionerna från arbetsgivarna kring studiens frågeställning: Vilka motiv ligger till grund för arbetsgivarens införande av en mensvänlig arbetsplats?, har varit tudelade men majoriteten visade ett motiv utifrån den institutionella teorin. / Largely, the history of menstruation has created structures and norms in society that have contributed to stigma around women's menstruation. Women need to manage their menstruation in working life, which can cause strain on the work environment. Measures that the employer can partly introduce to promote women's work environment is a menstrual-friendly workplace, which facilitates menstrual management. Part of a period-friendly workplace is the implementation of free menstrual protection. If employers decide to offer free menstrual protection in the workplace, the perception may partly result in the implementation being considered an exaggerated right that women take advantage of due to biological differences. At the same time, the measure is considered a self-evident right to facilitate menstrual management in the workplace. The rights could also serve as a purpose for the formation of a future framework within the legislation. The study has investigated the employer's motives for creating a more menstrual-friendly workplace, based on an institutional theory. Furthermore, the study has analyzed the creation based on feminist theory. Eight qualitative interview studies were conducted, the interviews resulted in material that was then analyzed to be further connected with the theoretical frame of reference, which has been covered by institutional and feminist theory as well as a work environment perspective. The reactions from the employers regarding the study's question: What motives are the basis for the employer's introduction of a menstrual-friendly workplace?, have been divided, but the majority showed a motive based on the institutional theory.

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This study tried to counter the stigmatized narratives in Molenbeek and nuance the stigma bybringing to the forefront the experiences and views of the local inhabitants through storytellingand an ethnographic approach. I have interviewed both inhabitants of Molenbeek and a plannerfrom the municipality of Molenbeek to understand both the discourse of the inhabitants andthat of the planners at the municipal level about current urban development projects in andaround Molenbeek. With the empirical tale, I was able to present both discourses as if theywere discussing together to see where they differ or agree. I used the theory of territorial stigmaof Wacquant et al. (2014) to analyze to what extent the situation in Molenbeek can be explainedwith the theory of territorial stigma. I found that territorial stigma seems to fit the currentsituation of Molenbeek and its stigmatized inhabitants to a certain extent but underestimatesthe feeling of community between inhabitants. This study has shown that the urban and socialsituation in Molenbeek is much more complex than the stigma and stereotypes narrated. Futureresearch should look into the discourse of developers and their relation to territorial stigma.Finally, I hope this study will inspire urban planners to engage in storytelling and to be criticalof their own story realm. By listening to other stories and including them in their planningprocess they will be able to create more inclusive and richer spaces, which should be the goalof every urban development project.

As a popular historic work with constant and worldwide performances, the sexist and racist narratives disseminated by Giacomo Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly causes harmful social and political ramifications. Many scholars point to this opera specifically when discussing the fetishization of Asian females, and mention the title character as the quintessential example of damaging stereotypes. Thus, I conduct a postcolonial and feminist reading of Madama Butterfly, through analysis of the opera's libretto, the libretto sources, and the opera's score. I unravel the Orientalist assumptions that make up the foundation of the Butterfly narrative, and trace them as they make their way into Puccini's opera. I re-read Madama Butterfly as a metaphor for imperialism, and its effects on the colonized psyche. I examine Lieutenant Pinkerton and Butterfly's characters with specific attention to the power dynamics of their relationship in the context of colonization. I emphasize gender, race, and class tensions evident within the white male and white female gazes on the bodies of third world women of color. I present Puccini's musical choices in the operatic score as supplementary to my postcolonial-feminist reading. Puccini's use of pentatonic scales to evoke "Oriental" sounds, as well as his appropriation of Japanese folk tunes and "The Star Spangled Banner" into the score serve to supplement my basic contentions that Madama Butterfly is a product of Oriental discourse and a metaphor for imperialism and its effect on the colonized psyche.

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