One of the principles regarding our knowledge about life on earth is that no organism can be fully understood without taking into account its surrounding environment. This study examines the extent to which ecosystem-focused field studies may be associated with students' academic performance and potential to contribute to the advancement of science and conservation. Pilot studies conducted in Panama and California established methods used in this project from 1993-2003. Two hundred and sixty-seven students conducted field studies in either Kenya or Costa Rica. Students worked in cognitive apprenticeships, in which research staff trained each student to conduct field research. At the conclusion of their fieldwork, the research staff assessed the students written field reports. The students' reports were then sorted according to the extent to which their studies were ecosystem-focused. Data analysis through nonparametric, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests revealed no significant difference in academic performance on field study reports, in regards to whether the studies were narrow in scope (species-specific) or broad (ecosystem-focused). Marginal significance was revealed between ecosystem-focused studies and the potential for students' fieldwork to contribute to the advancement of science and conservation. Also addressed in the data were injuries, disease, and potential hazards, which were influenced by prudent and decisive leadership. Successful field studies require consideration of the content, context, and design of the intended field projects. Many of the solutions to environmental problems on the planet will come from the working hands of teachers and students that conduct explorations in the field. / Life Sciences in Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Meiri A. G. de Campos Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa De Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2017. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar uma sequência de aulas que contou com uma saída para estudo do meio, como estratégia para a aprendizagem sistêmica dos conhecimentos relacionados a problemas socioambientais, tendo a pesca na comunidade do Saco do Mamanguá como tema disparador. Dentre as diferentes estratégias que os professores de biologia utilizam para ensinar, o estudo do meio é apresentado na literatura como uma atividade que proporciona múltiplas aprendizagens relacionadas aos diferentes conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, e principalmente por ser um mote para a construção de saberes para a sustentabilidade socioambiental. Além disso, o estudo do meio tomado como atividade interdisciplinar, favorece o entendimento da realidade socioambiental, pelo fato desta demandar conceitos que não podem ser atendidos por um único campo de conhecimento. Por meio de uma questão aberta, de um texto de análise crítica e da observação do pesquisador, levantou-se as ideias dos alunos sobre o pagamento do seguro-defeso aos pescadores da região estudada. As coletas foram realizadas em momentos pré-estabelecidos da sequência de aulas e no estudo do meio na cidade de Paraty/RJ, durante a visita a uma comunidade de pescadores no Saco do Mamanguá. Por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, foram identificados nas ideias dos alunos aspectos econômicos, ambientais e socioculturais, e estabelecidos níveis de formulação referentes às hipóteses de transição manifestadas pelos estudantes ao longo de todo o trabalho. Esta análise possibilitou verificar como as ideias dos sujeitos se manifestaram ao longo do processo de aprendizagem, e os resultados apontam um significativo papel do estudo do meio para complexificar o entendimento dos alunos sobre a realidade socioambiental no Saco do Mamanguá e o seguro-defeso. As atividades prévias ao estudo do meio e a mediação do professor também se mostraram importantes para que os alunos considerassem novos aspectos do tema nos seus posicionamentos. Desta forma, considera-se que o estudo do meio tem significativo potencial para a aprendizagem de questões socioambientais sob uma perspectiva da complexidade, na medida em que promove um entendimento sistêmico sobre a realidade. / The aim of the present study was to investigate a sequence of classes involving field work activity as a systemic learning strategy of knowledge related to socio-environmental issues, with the fishing at Saco do Mamanguá community as the guided theme. Among other different approaches used by biology teachers, the field work constitutes an important strategy for science teaching, as it allows the exploration of several content topics related to concepts, attitudes and procedures towards construction of knowledge for socio-environmental sustainability. Besides that, explore field work as an interdisciplinary activity brings a better understanding of the socio-environmental reality because it demands concepts that can not be met by a single field of knowledge. Through an open question, a critical analysis text and the researcher observation the students hypothesized ideas about the fishermen unemployment insurance payment of the studied region. The collections were performed at pre-established class sequence times as well as during a visit to Saco do Mamanguá community in the field work at the city of Paraty in Rio de Janeiro. Economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects in the students ideas were identified through textual-discursive analysis stablishing formulation levels regarding the transition hypothesis manifested by the students along the entire work. The analysis made it possible to verify how the subject ideas manifested themselves along the learning process and the results point to the field work significance as a way of complexify students' understanding about Saco do Mamanguá unemployment insurance and socio-environmental reality. The activities prior to the field work and the teacher pedagogical mediation also were important for the consideration of new theme aspects on the students positioning. Therefore, the field work is considered as a significant potential strategy for the learning of socio-environmental issues from a complexity perspective, as it promotes a systemic understanding of reality.

Esta dissertação trata do trabalho de campo como recurso de ensino em Geografia. O enfoque são as áreas de proteção ambiental, mais especificamente o Parque Estadual de Itapuã. O principal objetivo é verificar como os professores do Ensino Fundamental (séries finais) e do Ensino Médio estão utilizando essa área de proteção ambiental em seus trabalhos de campo. Para levantamento das atividades realizadas pelos professores, aplicou-se um questionário para todos os que utilizaram o Parque Estadual de Itapuã no segundo semestre letivo de 2003. Esta análise é pautada nos objetivos apontados no plano de manejo do parque e nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, assim como numa literatura relacionada ao tema. Por fim analisam-se, as respostas individualmente, com base no referencial teórico. Constatou-se que o trabalho de campo continua sendo um instrumento propiciador de aprendizagem significativo e, quando utilizado em áreas de proteção ambiental, proporciona o desenvolvimento da postura ecológica cidadã, atuando assim, como recurso de educação ambiental. / This essay focuses on field work as a resource for teaching Geography. The focus is on environmental protection, especially Parque Estadual de Itapuã. The main objective is to verify the use of the park by elementary and high school teachers when working outside the classroom with their students. In order to acquire this information a questionnaire was applied for all the ones who used the park in the second semester of 2003. The analysis was based on the objectives of management of the park, on the national curriculum and also on bibliography related to the theme. Eventually, based on the theory, all the answers are analyzed individually. It was realized that field work is still a very meaningful learning tool and, when working in an area of environmental protection, it brings ecological awareness to the students and therefore, environmental education.

Submitted by Maria de Lourdes Mariano (lmariano@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-17T19:37:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZANCHETTA_Juliana_2016.pdf: 18235177 bytes, checksum: 2e2fe7ed61e0dfad92b28cd1678e0c56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-18T10:52:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ZANCHETTA_Juliana_2016.pdf: 18235177 bytes, checksum: 2e2fe7ed61e0dfad92b28cd1678e0c56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-18T10:52:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ZANCHETTA_Juliana_2016.pdf: 18235177 bytes, checksum: 2e2fe7ed61e0dfad92b28cd1678e0c56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T10:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZANCHETTA_Juliana_2016.pdf: 18235177 bytes, checksum: 2e2fe7ed61e0dfad92b28cd1678e0c56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Não recebi financiamento / We consider the first contribution of an execution of a field work in a school is that students leave their classrooms to study geographical contents, this fact brings an approach between theory and practice. Thus, this teaching methodology allows us to analyze, to question and to problematize the world in spite of the school walls, understanding it like a result of socioeconomic dynamics, conflicts of interests and contradictions wich are part of our reality and influence our experiences and interpretation of what is real. Thus, the use of the field work’s methodology requires not only a teachers planning, but also work conditions that allow teachers remove their students of classrooms and offer them a singular activity that stimulate a meaningful learning. An obstacle to be confronted is the way how Education has been considered by the consumer society guided by neoliberal ideas that have influenced teachers preparing, curriculum materials and educational processes at schools, wich are focused on form technically competent people with specific skills. Although mentioned in Geography National Curricular Parameters like a possibility to build a critical reading about landscapes, the field work is not a priority yet to geography teaching in public schools of São Paulo state, supressing the curriculum. Thus, the general objective of this research was put into operation the execution of field works with students of a public school, thinking about its importance, possibilities, potentialities and limitations, order to establish an interconnected analysis between official documents that concerns the geography teaching in São Paulo state and teachers preparing and conditions. For this pourpose, this study was organized in three steps, as follows: 1) Bibliographic survey, wich in a first moment we could see the importance of a field work to research and geography teaching and, in a second moment we reflect upon the influence of neoliberalism in teachers preparing and in educational processes nowadays, intervening on the performance of field work’s activities at school. 2) Documental research, focused on analysis of PCNs and Oficial Curriculum of São Paulo state, allowing certify the mininal importance given to field investigations activities in geography teaching; and 3) Empirical research, with the establishment of three field work with students from a public school located in Tatuí/SP, making it possible to determine some difficulties for its execution, but a great students feedback as in relation to learning motivation as the way how they built new significances to contents, extending beyond memorization. For analysing the contribution of field work on students learning we consider the precepts of Theory of Meaningful Learning, proposed by David Paul Ausubel, with interpretation of Professor Marco Antônio Moreira. / Consideramos que a primeira contribuição da realização do trabalho de campo na escola é a retirada dos alunos da sala de aula para o estudo dos conteúdos geográficos, propiciando uma aproximação entre teoria e prática. Assim, essa metodologia de ensino possibilita analisar, questionar e problematizar o mundo além dos muros da escola, compreendendo-o como fruto das dinâmicas socioeconômicas, conflitos de interesse e contradições que compõem nossa realidade e interferem diretamente em nossa vivência cotidiana e leitura do real. Assim, o uso da metodologia do trabalho de campo exige não apenas o planejamento docente, mas também condições de trabalho que permitam aos professores retirar os alunos da sala de aula e oferecer a eles uma atividade diferenciada que estimule a aprendizagem significativa. Um obstáculo a ser enfrentado é a forma como a Educação tem sido concebida pela sociedade de consumo, guiada por preceitos neoliberais que têm influenciado a formação de professores, os materiais curriculares e os processos educativos nas escolas, voltados para formar pessoas competentes tecnicamente e com habilidades específicas. Embora citado nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Geografia como possibilidade para a construção de uma leitura crítica das paisagens, o trabalho de campo não é ainda uma das prioridades para o ensino de Geografia nas escolas públicas estaduais paulistas, sendo suprimido do Currículo. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar e refletir sobre as possibilidades, potencialidades e limitações para a realização de trabalhos de campo com alunos do ensino fundamental no âmbito das escolas da Rede Pública estadual paulista, de forma a estabelecer uma análise articulada aos documentos oficiais que amparam o ensino de Geografia no estado de São Paulo, bem como à formação e condições de trabalho docente. Para tanto, este trabalho foi estruturado em três momentos, a saber: 1) a pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual em um primeiro momento constatamos a importância do trabalho de campo para a pesquisa e o ensino de Geografia e, em um segundo momento, refletimos sobre a influência do neoliberalismo na formação do professor e nos processos educativos na atualidade, interferindo na realização de atividades de campo nas escolas; 2) pesquisa documental, com enfoque para a análise dos PCNs e do Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo, possibilitando atestar a pouca importância dada às atividades de pesquisa de campo no ensino de Geografia; e 3) pesquisa empírica, com a operacionalização de três trabalhos de campo com alunos de uma escola pública do município de Tatuí/SP, sendo possível constatar uma série de dificuldades para sua realização, porém um grande retorno dos alunos tanto em relação à motivação para a aprendizagem, quanto na maneira pela qual construíram significados novos aos conteúdos, indo além da memorização. Para a análise da contribuição do trabalho de campo para a aprendizagem dos alunos consideramos os preceitos da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, preconizada por David Paul Ausubel, com interpretações atuais do professor Marco Antônio Moreira.

Orientador: Heloisa Andre Pontes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:14:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rui_Taniele_M.pdf: 933087 bytes, checksum: 08d2389cc9b44c01cdda857bef58b7dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa pretende descrever e apreender distintas concepções e práticas do uso de "drogas". Para tanto, são descritos e analisados três grupos: ex-usuários que passam por tratamento de recuperação de "drogas", "meninos de rua" e estudantes universitários. Proponho que as diferenças entre os modos de conceber esses usos podem nos indicar caminhos para complexificar a questão das "drogas" na contemporaneidade; para o entendimento das classificações sociais e dos processos sociais envolvidos no consumo de "drogas" e na relação entre os grupos consumidores, bem como para o modo que o tema é abordado pelas ciências sociais. Temáticas essas que ganham em profundidade quando a materialidade do corpo e das "drogas" adquirem lugar nesta discussão / Abstract: This researchs aims to describe and to apprehend distinct practical and conceptions of the "drugs"s uses. For this, they are analyzing three groups: former-users who pass for treatment of recovery of "drugs", "street boys" and students. I propose that the differences between the ways to conceive these uses can place in question the drugs's problems nowadays. Also can help us for the establishment of social classifications that involve the consumption of "drugs" and the relation between the consuming groups. We can also analyze the way that the subject is worked by social sciences. Those thematic earn in depth when the body ant the "drugs" (while materia) is taken how the point in the quarrel / Mestrado / Antropologia / Mestre em Antropologia

Esta dissertação trata do trabalho de campo como recurso de ensino em Geografia. O enfoque são as áreas de proteção ambiental, mais especificamente o Parque Estadual de Itapuã. O principal objetivo é verificar como os professores do Ensino Fundamental (séries finais) e do Ensino Médio estão utilizando essa área de proteção ambiental em seus trabalhos de campo. Para levantamento das atividades realizadas pelos professores, aplicou-se um questionário para todos os que utilizaram o Parque Estadual de Itapuã no segundo semestre letivo de 2003. Esta análise é pautada nos objetivos apontados no plano de manejo do parque e nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, assim como numa literatura relacionada ao tema. Por fim analisam-se, as respostas individualmente, com base no referencial teórico. Constatou-se que o trabalho de campo continua sendo um instrumento propiciador de aprendizagem significativo e, quando utilizado em áreas de proteção ambiental, proporciona o desenvolvimento da postura ecológica cidadã, atuando assim, como recurso de educação ambiental. / This essay focuses on field work as a resource for teaching Geography. The focus is on environmental protection, especially Parque Estadual de Itapuã. The main objective is to verify the use of the park by elementary and high school teachers when working outside the classroom with their students. In order to acquire this information a questionnaire was applied for all the ones who used the park in the second semester of 2003. The analysis was based on the objectives of management of the park, on the national curriculum and also on bibliography related to the theme. Eventually, based on the theory, all the answers are analyzed individually. It was realized that field work is still a very meaningful learning tool and, when working in an area of environmental protection, it brings ecological awareness to the students and therefore, environmental education.

Orientador: Elisa Angotti Kossovitch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonas_MarliQuinzan_M.pdf: 14560381 bytes, checksum: 19ec270ef7234342d46736f657e5f59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Mestre em Educação

Orientador: Mauricio Compiani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_VaniaMariaNunesdos_D.pdf: 9834980 bytes, checksum: edbd02cefd4bb3a837bf38f44715a030 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento de projetos escolares de educação socioambiental realizados a partir da formação continuada de professores em exercício. A pesquisa tem por referência os processos e produtos resultantes do curso intitulado ¿Educação Meio Ambiente e Cidadania: desenvolvimento de projetos escolares de educação socioambiental com o uso de sensoriamento remoto e trabalhos de campo para o estudo do meio ambiente e exercício da cidadania¿, realizado no município de Guarulhos-SP, durante o ano letivo de 2004. Com referência na pesquisa-ação, a proposta deste curso foi contribuir para a formação de professores-pesquisadores em exercício a partir da reflexão sobre a atividade docente em sala de aula e em campo, bem como para a construção de novos conhecimentos e metodologias para o estudo do meio ambiente local, considerando a importância da qualificação escolar do lugar. Participaram desta experiência dezessete professores de diferentes disciplinas (Ciências, Geografia, História, Língua Portuguesa e Artes), de quatro escolas públicas de ensino fundamental, os quais tiveram por meta desenvolver projetos de ensino com seus alunos voltados à compreensão da realidade socioambiental local com referência no estudo de microbacias localizadas na periferia de Guarulhos-SP, próximo a Serra da Cantareira. Os projetos escolares desenvolvidos propiciaram aos alunos condições para: observar/conhecer o seu ambiente, o lugar onde vivem; refletir sobre suas condições reais e, com base neste processo, propor projetos de ação/solução para os problemas socioambientais estudados, visando à transformação da realidade local, enquanto exercício de cidadania. Neste processo, os trabalhos de campo e estudos do meio foram essenciais para o (re)conhecimento do local de estudo possibilitando o contato direto com o ambiente e, portanto, com os processos físicos, sociais, econômicos e políticos que o tecem. Quando associados aos recursos de sensoriamento remoto, estes estudos contribuíram para a construção de uma visão integrada da realidade socioambiental em foco ao propiciar o estabelecimento de relações entre o local e o global como suporte a análise de problemas, suas repercussões e implicações em diferentes escalas de observação. O tratamento de temas socioambientais nestas escolas oportunizou o desenvolvimento de projetos de educação socioambiental como contribuição à formação de professores críticos e reflexivos, com uma postura interdisciplinar e construtivista, bem como para o processo de construção da consciência ambiental para a conquista da cidadania. Ao incorporar a questão socioambiental à prática pedagógica, os projetos de educação socioambiental desenvolvidos buscaram contribuir para a inserção da escola na realidade considerando o lugar como eixo estruturante do currículo escolar / Abstract: The objective of this research is the investigation of socio environmental project developments in the educational scholar area from the point of view of continuing education of teachers currently working. The research is based on processes and products of the course entitled ¿Education, Environment, and Citizenship: Socio Environmental educational scholar project developments by using remote sensing and field work for the environment study and citizenship attitude¿ offered in Guarulhos, S.P. in 2004. The proposal of that course was to contribute for the formation of researchers-professors at that time working, based on the in class and in field teaching activities, as well as to build new knowledge and methodologies for the local environment study, taking into account the relevance of the scholar qualification for the place. Seventeen teachers from different disciplines (Sciences, Geography, History, Portuguese Language, and Arts) have participated of that experience. The participants were from four public schools of the fundamental educational level. The involved teachers had as objective the development together with their pupils of teaching projects whose scopes covered the subject of local socio environmental reality comprehension involving hydrographic basins around Guarulhos, S.P., close to the Cantareira Mountain. The developed projects provided the students with conditions to observe/to know their environment, the place they live, allowed them to think of their real live conditions and, based on such process, preparing them to be able to propose action/solution projects with focus on the studied socio environmental problems aiming the local reality transformation while practicing the citizenship attitude. During this process the field work and the environmental studies were fundamental for the knowledge of the geographic area of study and has allowed for a direct contact with the environment and with the physical, social, economic and politic aspects involved in the process. When associated with the remote sensing resources that studies have contributed for the construction of an integrated view of the socio environmental reality since they allowed for relationship establishments between local and global features of the process as support for analysis / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

Abstract Cross-country route optimization, particularly from a pedestrian’s perspective, is a relatively uncommon research topic that has many application possibilities. In this research, route optimization is examined in the context of forest inventories. The background for the research is the change in the forest data collection practices carried out by the Finnish Forest Centre. In this new inventory procedure, targets to be inventoried in the field are often located far apart from each other. The research indicated that the collection of data from sparsely distributed targets is comparatively inefficient. In order to address this issue, a method allowing the traversability of cross-country terrain to be expressed in a numeric form was developed such that it makes cross-country route optimization possible. In addition, a method for the determination of a route inside an areal object, allowing the collection of reliable inventory data from the target, was constructed in the study. Finally, the route optimization method developed in the study was tested in actual field work. The main hypothesis for the research was that it is possible to apply the route optimization method to forest inventory, and that it would be considered useful. The result of the study was that the method is, indeed, suitable for forest data collection. However, the results also suggested that route optimization does not necessarily make the work more efficient, but its utility depends on the qualities of the field workers and the area where the targets are located. The results have both theoretical and practical significance. The route optimization system constructed in the study is the most accurate national system realized thus far which has also been tested and evaluated in actual field work. A number of ancillary GIS-based analyses for route optimization were also developed in the study, and they turned out to be suitable for the calculation of inventory routes for field workers. A new route optimization problem, coined as the Areal Inventory Problem (AIP), was defined during the research. While the route optimization procedure developed in the study can be put into operation in the forest data collection practices of the Finnish Forest Centre, many of its principles are also applicable to purposes outside the domain of forestry. Data needed in other applications can be tailored using the methods presented in this research. Several prospects and needs for further research and development were recognized. By addressing these questions, the route optimization procedure can be further improved, while also strengthening the theoretical knowledge concerning cross-country route optimization. / Tiivistelmä Reitinoptimointi maastossa, etenkin jalankulkijan näkökulmasta, on melko vähän tutkittu aihe, jolla on erilaisia sovellusmahdollisuuksia. Tässä tutkimuksessa reitinoptimointia on tarkasteltu metsäninventoinnin näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen taustana on Suomen metsäkeskuksen metsävaratiedon keruun menetelmien uudistuminen, jonka myötä maastossa inventoidaan hajallaan sijaitsevia kohteita. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että hajallaan sijaitsevien kohteiden inventointi on melko tehotonta. Tämän vuoksi kehitettiin menetelmä, jossa maaston kulkukelpoisuutta voidaan kuvata numeerisessa muodossa niin, että se mahdollistaa reitinoptimoinnin. Lisäksi luotiin menetelmä, jolla voidaan tuottaa inventointireitti aluemaisen kohteen sisälle niin, että kohteelta voidaan kerätä riittävän luotettavat tiedot. Lopuksi menetelmää testattiin metsävaratiedon keruun tuotantotyössä. Hypoteesina oli, että reitinoptimointia on mahdollista soveltaa metsäninventoinnissa ja että menetelmä koettaisiin hyödylliseksi. Tutkimuksessa vahvistettiin menetelmän soveltuvuus metsäninventointiin. Samalla havaittiin, ettei reitinoptimointia voida aukottomasti todistaa työtä tehostavaksi, vaan sen hyödyllisyys riippuu maastotyöntekijän ja maastotyöalueen ominaisuuksista. Tutkimustuloksilla on sekä teoreettista että käytännöllistä merkitystä. Tutkimuksessa luotiin tähän mennessä tarkin kotimainen reitinoptimointimenetelmä, jota on myös testattu maastossa. Samalla kehitettiin reitinoptimointiin liittyviä paikkatietomenetelmiä ja havaittiin, että paikkatietojärjestelmällä on mahdollista tuottaa maastotyöntekijän apuvälineeksi sopivia inventointireittejä. Tutkimuksen aikana määriteltiin uusi reitinlaskentaongelma, aluemaisen kohteen inventoinnin ongelma (AIP). Reitinoptimointimenetelmä on otettavissa käyttöön metsävaratiedon keruussa Suomen metsäkeskuksessa, ja sitä voidaan soveltaa myös metsäalan ulkopuolella. Tutkimuksessa esitellyillä menetelmillä voidaan tuottaa sovellustarvetta vastaavat aineistot reitinlaskennan lähtötiedoiksi. Tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin monia jatkotutkimus- ja kehittämistarpeita. Näihin kysymyksiin vastaamalla voidaan luoda yhä paremmin toimiva työkalu metsävaratiedon keruun apuvälineeksi ja syventää edelleen teoreettista tietämystä reitinoptimoinnista maastossa.

This thesis investigates the factors that influence whether visitors to art exhibitions experience accessible introductory art labels or not. From the need of making art exhibitions and their communication available to more people of society the aim with this study is to increase awareness about the factors that influence accessibility and generate ideas about useful theory concerning accessible labels. By connecting theory concerning the purpose of art exhibitions, the social context of art exhibitions, orientation and disorientation and different views related to exhibition labels the author, by influence from the swedish Special pedagogy educational authority (Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten) accessibility model ”tillgänglighetsmodellen”, creates a accessibility model concerning the context of introductory art labels. The study gathered material from visitor interviews and observations from two different art exhibition institutions in Stockholm: Bonniers Konsthall and Spritmuseum, one art gallery and one cultural museum with an art exhibition feature. The analysis from the field work then formed the content of the accessibility model concerning the context of introductory art labels. As a background to the ideas behind the labels interviews where also performed with personnel in command of the communication concerning the labels. The results show that the visitors experience of accessible introductory art labels can be related to physical, social and pedagogical factors. Where the physical factors included reading situation, placing, lighting and soundscape. The social factors included other visitors, the willingness to ”do things right” and disorientation, confusion and uncertainty. The pedagogical factors included legibility, readability and well worth reading. The study also shows that the visitors pre-knowledge of art and habit of visiting art exhibitions could influence the visitors experience of accessibility. Where visitors without pre-knowledge about art history in the art gallery Bonniers Konsthall all found the texts non-accessible depending on a mix of physical, social and pedagogical factors. At the cultural museum Spritmuseum however visitors without pre-knowledge of art could find the text accessible. There a positive experience of the reading situation, including lightning and few other visitors, made visitors feel that the text where more accessible even when they experienced some difficulty with the accessibility related to pedagogical factors like text length. The study shows that the different factors of accessibility related to introductory art labels interacted and influenced the overall experience of text accessibility. This is a two years master's thesis in Museum and cultural heritage studies.