CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / AnaÃs Nin, autora nascida na FranÃa, mas radicada nos Estados Unidos, à tida como pioneira por ter escrito obras erÃticas do ponto de visto feminino. Nin ficou conhecida por descrever atos sexuais de uma forma metafÃrica. Em um de seus diÃrios, ela diz que tentou utilizar uma escrita feminina como forma de tomar espaÃo em um mundo que sempre foi liderado por homens. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira uma de suas obras mais conhecidas, o livro de contos Delta of Venus, publicada em 1977, um ano apÃs a sua morte, foi retratada nas telas, pois o livro foi adaptado para a TV, em 1995, por Zalman King, diretor/produtor/roteirista de diversos filmes erÃticos, e, por isso, conhecido como rei do soft-core porn. Uma vez que um dos temas centrais da obra de Nin à o sexo, o trabalho aqui apresentado se fundamenta em Krzywinska (2006), que comenta a abordagem do tema no cinema, Willians (2004) e Alexandrian (1991), que discorrem sobre os estudos pornogrÃficos e a histÃria da literatura erÃtica. Cattrysse (1992), que seguindo a Teoria dos Polissistemas, de Even-Zohar (1990), deu inÃcio ao processo de sistematizaÃÃo da adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica, serà utilizado para fundamentar o capÃtulo que trata sobre a adaptaÃÃo, assim como Hutcheon (2012) e Cartmell (2012). O propÃsito da presente pesquisa Ã, principalmente, perceber de que forma King transportou para as telas o texto tÃo caracterÃstico de Nin e de quais tÃcnicas ele se utilizou para tal. O contexto no qual a adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica se insere impossibilita a manutenÃÃo da qualidade literÃria de Nin, bem como a abordagem dos temas transgressores apresentados pela autora, no entanto, atravÃs da anÃlise de cenas retiradas do filme, à possÃvel perceber caracterÃsticas da autora presentes na adaptaÃÃo. / AnaÃs Nin, who was born in France but brought up in the United States, is considered a pioneer for having written erotica from a female point of view. Nin is known for describing sexual relations making use of metaphors. In one of her diaries, she said that she tried to use a feminine writing style as a way to gain space in a world that was always reigned by men. This research has as a goal to analyze in what ways her most well-known work, the book of short stories Delta of Venus, published in 1977, an year after her death, was portrayed on the screen, because her book was adapted for the TV in 1995, by Zalman King, director/producer/screenwriter of many erotic films and, as such, know as the king of soft-core porn. Once the main theme of her work is sex, the research here presented is grounded on Krzywinska (2006) that writes about the way the cinema approaches the theme and Williams (2004) and Alexandrian (1991) that comment on porn studies and the erotic literature history. Cattrysse (1992), who follows the Polysystem Theory by Even-Zohar (1990) and has started the systematization of film adaptation, will be used to substantiate the chapter that concerns the adaptation. As well as Hutcheon (2012) and Cartmell (2012). The purpose of this research is, first of all, to observe if King was able to keep Ninâs one of a kind text alive on the screen and which techniques he used in order to do so. The historical context to which the movie belongs to does not make it possible for the literary quality of Ninâs text to shine through, as well as the strong themes she writes about. However, by analyzing some chosen scenes from the movie, it is possible to perceive some characteristics of Ninâs writing in the adaptation.

nÃo hà / Esta pesquisa busca analisar os elementos utilizados por Tim Burton para representar a Era Vitoriana atravÃs do figurino, meio de transporte e decoraÃÃo. Trabalharemos tambÃm com a traduÃÃo em imagens do nonsense em sua adaptaÃÃo fÃlmica Alice in Wonderland (2010). Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho resulta de um estudo comparativo entre o filme e a obra na qual se baseia, o cÃnone da literatura infantil Aliceâs Adventures in Wonderland de Lewis Carroll (1865). Para tanto, faremos um cotejo entre as duas obras à luz das teorias de Elizabeth Sewell (2015), Wim Tigges, (1988) e Susan Stewart (1980) que alicerÃam o gÃnero literÃrio nonsense. LanÃaremos mÃo da versÃo literÃria Lewis Carroll: The Complete Fully Illustrated Works de 1995 da editora Gramercy, contendo toda a obra de Lewis Carroll com ilustraÃÃes originais. Isso, a fim de viabilizar e facilitar a comparaÃÃo com as figuras presentes no texto literÃrio, quando necessÃrio, para investigar se houve aproximaÃÃo na representaÃÃo visual feita pelo diretor.

Martina Buchlová Summary This thesis looks into the methods of imagination in Egyptian cinema through in-depth analysis of the film adaptation of the Nobel Prize Winner Nagīb Maḥfūẓ's novel Bajna 'l-Qaṣrajn. For the analysis, combined approaches of narratology, film theory and neo- formalism have been used. All the observations and conclusions are supported by evidence in form of extracts from the novel and/or stills from the film. The initial chapter gives a brief account of the history and tendencies of Egyptian cinema from its beginnings to the 1960's, when the analysed film was shot. It also summs up the carrier of the film's director, Ḥasan al-Imām, and puts the film into the appropriate context. Furthermore, this chapter lists the storyline of the novel and mentions a few basic facts about its inception. In the next chapter, the transfer of narrative features of the text into film is being discussed, using the model of cardinal functions by Roland Barthes. A table gives precise account of the narrative elements which were transfered to the film and those which were not or were subject to considerable changes. The following chapter deals with the transfer of the novel's non-narrative elements (whose adaptation to the new medium requires a more inventional approach), such as description of the time and...

De Mary Barton à Wives and Daughters, les romans d’Elizabeth Gaskell mettent en scène des héroïnes qui affrontent des épreuves comme la mort, la maladie, la disparition de membres de leur famille, la naissance d’un enfant illégitime, la banqueroute, etc. Ses héroïnes sont forcées d’évoluer afin de survivre, d’autant plus que la période victorienne, jalonnée d’évolutions sociales, politiques, et scientifiques, ne les épargne pas. Si le trauma est souvent décrit comme un événement extraordinaire, les romans de Gaskell prouvent au contraire qu’il trouve sa source dans le quotidien. Même si les notions de trauma et de résilience n’existaient pas à l’époque victorienne, elles ne sont pas nées avec la psychanalyse, et Gaskell a su trouver son propre vocabulaire pour décrire l’intense vie psychique de ses personnages et leur capacité à se remettre de leurs blessures. Elle donne une voix aux répercussions mentales et physiques du trauma, saisissant les signes infimes, afin de rendre communicable ces expériences de la douleur. Nous verrons comment Gaskell parvient à construire un nouveau type de personnage féminin, l’héroïne gaskellienne, caractérisée par sa capacité à absorber les chocs traumatiques et par son héroïsme. Les adaptations cinématographiques de ses romans réalisées ces dernières années (North and South, Cranford, Wives and Daughters) participent à la nouvelle popularité de Gaskell. Le cinéma offrant un nouveau régime de visibilité et d’audibilité aux expériences traumatiques, nous analyserons les choix faits par les réalisateurs et scénaristes (utilisation du son, montage, ajouts de personnages, etc.) pour transposer à l’écran la subtilité de Gaskell. / From Mary Barton to Wives and Daughters, Elizabeth Gaskell’s novels portray heroines who have to deal with ordeals such as death, disease, missing family member, illegitimate child, bankruptcy, etc. Her heroines are forced to evolve in order to survive, especially as they live in a period riddled with social, political and scientific changes which does not spare them. If trauma, which Greek origin refers to the wound, is often described as an extraordinary event, Gaskell’s novels, on the contrary, demonstrate that trauma arises in daily life. Even if these notions did not exist in the Victorian period, trauma and resilience were not born with psychoanalysis. Gaskell found her own language to describe her characters’ deep psychic life and their aptitude to resist and to recover from their wounds. She gives voice to the mental and physical repercussions of trauma, grasping all the hardly perceptible signs, in order to communicate these experiences of pain. We will see how these writing strategies enable Gaskell to build a new type of feminine character, the Gaskellian heroine, characterized by her aptitude to absorb traumatic shocks and by her heroism.Screen adaptations of her novels (North and South, Cranford, Wives and Daughters) were made in the last few years, thus contributing to Gaskell’s new popularity. As cinema offers a different regime of visibility and audibility to traumatic experiences, we will analyse the choices made by directors and scriptwriters (use of sound, editing processes, addition of characters, etc.) to adapt for the screen Gaskell’s subtlety.

Angie Thomas’ The Hate U Give is a young adult novel that covers controversial topics such as racism and police violence. In this essay, the concept of immersion is used to examine how the novel and its 2018 film counterpart adaptation differ in examining these topics. I claim that the film and novel versions operate through different methods of immersion. The novel mainly operates by immersion through characterization, while the film often prioritizes immersion through setting. In both cases, references are used to create immersion by grounding the novel within real historical eventhappenings and relevant contemporary discourse. Furthermore, this essay shows that highlighting factors of immersion, history, and contemporary discourse, while working with adaptation in practice, can lead to a more productive way of working with racially aware literature in the EFL classroom.

This study investigates the representation of narrative space in the novel and the film of The Return of the King. As the two representations belong to two different mediums, the theories on narrative space in the novel and in the film are examined in order to distinguish between their modes of representation of space. In essence, the theory utilised for the spatial analysis focuses on the content, function and symbolic meaning within spaces, as created by the description of objects, the repetition and accumulation of spatial information, as well as the movement of characters within spaces and the interaction between characters and different spaces. This spatial interaction relates to the events, representations of time and the role of the narrator within the different dimensions of narrated space, that is, concrete and abstract space. The three most significant spaces within the novel and the film, namely Minas Tirith, Mount Doom and Hobbiton form the basis of the analysis, which focuses on the narrative spaces as they are represented. From this study, it becomes clear that there are different levels of meaning embodied within a space: the physical and geographical space, the social space of interaction and the abstract, symbolic space. The significant spaces and their meanings in the novel have been subjected to filmic transformation. Essentially, the spaces in both the novel and the film display the fact that space ultimately influences those events and people who interact with it and vice versa. These spaces thus embody specific meanings, which contribute towards the undertaken journey represented in Tolkien's fantastical, imaginative world. / MA (English), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This research examines the issues and visual processes that arise in the production of self-representations derived from literary texts. The construction of a series of photographic and video installations drawing upon T. S Eliot’s poem 'The Waste Land' (1922) allowed for the exploration and analysis of how literature functions as a device to represent autobiographical experience within my media arts practice. The study considered the relevance and usage of the literary source in relation to specific adaptation procedures, in terms of what complexities were encountered and how these were understood. Whilst orthodox film adaptation provided a theoretical framework for initial experimentation, it is argued that my practice is positioned outside this domain, employing alternative methods of visual translation within a fine art context. Having investigated the purpose of my literary interpretations, I conclude that I respond subjectively to the source materials, forming autobiographical associations with particular lines, images, characters, themes or concepts within the text. It was discovered that this fragmentary method of extraction into isolated elements, corresponded with ambiguous visual representation of the self. Placed within the critical context of relevant female practitioners, I was able to detect a number of recurrent, elusive strategies within my own practice that signified a shifting subjectivity. However, it was the identification with Eliot’s subversion of his impersonality theory in later life, which enabled the realisation that literature is used in my work as a means of projection for visualising past trauma and operates as a form of displacement for a confessional practice. The thesis that emerges from my research is that by allowing oneself to respond emotionally and selectively to an existing text through transformative processes of re-enactment, literary adaptation can act as catharsis for the recollection and re-imagining of previously repressed memories.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The purpose of this essay is to study two film adaptations of the original Planet of the Apes novel and see what kind of relationship the two adaptations have with each other. The main question is if the secondary film adaptation is restricted by the primary and if the relationships between these two are as two separate adaptations or as a remake of an adaptation. What the results of the study show is that the secondary adaptation can not be seen as a remake even though it gets some of its inspiration from both the original story as well as the primary adaptation. The secondary adaptation is, however, restricted in what it can adapt due to the primary adaptation having the first pick, at least if the secondary adaptation wishes to be a whole new adaptation and not a remake of the primary. The study shows also that the fidelity in the secondary adaptation is not necessarily to either the original or the primary but to the knowledge the audience has about the Planet of the Apes universe which they have gathered from all of the important versions of the story. The essay also states that there is yet much to learn about the relationship between secondary and primary film adaptations which means that the field is still in need of exploration.

"Image and Text" focuses on the consequences of multi-media interaction on the concept of a work's meaning(s) in three distinct publishing trends in nineteenth-century Britain: graphic satire, the literary annuals, and book illustration. The graphic satire of engravers James Gillray and George Cruikshank is replete with textual components that rely on the interaction of media for the overall satirical impact. Literary annuals combine engravings with the ekphrastic poetry of writers including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Book illustrations provided writers Sir Walter Scott and Alfred, Lord Tennyson a means to recycle previously published works as "new" texts; the engravings promote an illusion of textual originality and reality by imparting visual meanings onto the text. In turn, the close proximity of text to image changes visual meanings by making the images susceptible to textual meanings. Many of the theoretical implications resulting from the pairing of media resound in modern film adaptations, which often provide commentary about nineteenth-century visual culture and the self-reflexivity of media. The critical heritage that has responded to the pairing of media in nineteenth-century print culture often expresses uneasiness with the relationship between text and mechanically produced images, and this uneasiness has often resulted in the treatment of text and image as separate components of multi-media works. "Image and Text" recovers the dialogue between media in nineteenth-century print forms often overlooked in critical commentary that favors the study of an elusive and sometimes fictional concept of an original work; each chapter acknowledges the collaborative nature of the production of multi-media works and their ability to promote textual newness, originality (or the illusion of originality), and (un)reality. Multi-media works challenge critical conventions regarding artistic and authorial originality, and they enter into battles over fidelity of meaning. By recognizing multi-media works as part of a diverse genre it becomes possible to expand critical dialogue about such works past fidelity studies. Text and image cannot faithfully represent the other; what they can do is engage in dialogue: with each other, with their historical and cultural moments, and with their successors and predecessors.