<p>The art and science of crafting superior stories for feature film, television, and computer graphics productions, for both local and international purposes alike, are extremely important. In the artistic sense, this is a glimpse at the key elements in creating successful characters, stories, and environments. In the technical sense, it is a review on how to write a professional screenplay, as well as a comparison between different mediums, methods, and styles of writing. In order to conduct this research and accomplish said goals, material from a variable set of sources, including work by acclaimed authors, as well as professional screenplays and personal experience within the subject was used. The initial hypothesis that was put forth, proved in the end to become the overall result. Although being a field more inclined towards art than science, some of the answer and results came to fall within individual conclusions and opinions, rather than technical facts, as writing is different in style and nature to each and every screenwriter.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the reconstruction in two short-documentaries by Arne Sucksdorff. The films are analyzed both in a stylistic and symbolical way.</p>

<p><p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The purpose with this essay is to get an understanding of how the christmascalender has</p><p>evolved throughout the history, and why its shape looks like it does. We have made an</p><p>analysis of the 21-centurys calendars to get a look on the content and tried to track a target</p><p>group. Which themes have characterized the 21-century and how can you put these in relation</p><p>to earlier calendars? To get a greater insight in the design of the christmascalendar, we made</p><p>an interview with SVT's Susanne Kvarforth. After this it came to our knowledge that they are</p><p>lacking guidelines besides that their target group is 6-12 year olds. After our analysis we came</p><p>to the conclusion that the target group could be questioned, because our observations made it</p><p>clear that the target group differ from what they set it to be. An observation we made is that</p><p>the calendar tends to bring up very serious subjects like divorce and depression. We've also</p><p>fund a lack of Christmas traditions. We find ourselves being negative towards the fact that the</p><p>calendars are in lack of guidelines, with the result of a missing Christmas spirit, something we</p><p>mean must be a central part of a Christmascalender.</p><p>  </p><strong></strong><p> </p></p></p>

<p>This addresses the problems when a film doesn’t easily fit in to one specific genre. Using <em>No Country for Old Men</em> as an example the study analyses the film from a Western perspective. Is it possible to say that it is a western? To determine that, I compare a number of acknowledged westerns, on the basis to list a number of generic conventions. I then use these conventions in my analysis of the main film. I there discover that the film despite its apparent likeness to the western genre fail to meet one of the fundamental conventions, namely the time aspect. The film doesn’t take place in the 19^th century and can therefore be very hard to put under the western category. I however manage to make it so anyway. I expand the genre with a sub genre label. The Contemporary Western is born. The Contemporary Western is a film that meets all the typical conventions of the western except the time setting. This is a film that is a western sett in a modern time.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att skänka en grundläggande illustration av hur relationen bild</p><p>inom bild och skräck kan se ut. Studien koncentrerar sig på estetiken och reflexiviteten hos</p><p>bilderna inom bilden hos de japanska skräckfilmerna The Ring, Pulse och Dark Water. Dessa</p><p>bilder består av ett videoband i The Ring, webbkamerabilder i Pulse och övervakningsbilder i</p><p>Dark Water.</p><p>Användningen av rörliga bilder inom rörliga bilder är reflexivt i den meningen att vi</p><p>medvetandegörs om filmmediet självt som en konstruktion av bilder. Detta fenomen</p><p>uppmärksammar oss också på akten att se. Syftet i skräckfilm är att skapa känslor av olust och</p><p>skräck hos oss och detta åstadkoms, bland annat, genom hur bilderna ser ut och är upplagda.</p><p>Ett återkommande element hos bilderna inom bilden hos våra filmer är otydligheten hos</p><p>flera av dem och detta att vi inte kan se bilden tydligt kan ge upphov till olustkänslor. Något</p><p>dessa bilder också har gemensamt och som kan te sig otäckt är att de är ologiska på olika sätt.</p><p>Ologiska i förhållande till verkligheten, det vill säga vår verklighet utanför fiktionen, och</p><p>ologiska i förhållande till det klassiska filmberättandet där åskådarna ska föreställa ”osynliga</p><p>vittnen” till en händelse.</p> / <p>The aim of this paper is to give a basic illustration of how the relation horror and image</p><p>within image can present itself. The study is concentrated upon the aesthetics and reflexivity</p><p>of the images within the image in the Japanese horrorfilms The Ring, Pulse and Dark Water.</p><p>The images within the image in these films consist of a videotape in The Ring, webcamera</p><p>images in Pulse and images of surveillance in Dark Water.</p><p>The use of moving images within moving images is reflexive in the sense that we come</p><p>aware of the medium as a construction of moving images. This phenomenon also attracts our</p><p>attention to the act of looking. The purpose in horrorfilm is to frighten us and to make us feel</p><p>unpleasant. That is achieved, among other, by how the images look - it is the images that</p><p>assault our eyes.</p><p>An element that recurs is the indistinctness of several of these images, which can</p><p>generate an unpleasant feeling. Another theme these images have in common and that may</p><p>seem awkward is how illogical they appear. Illogical in comparison to our reality outside the</p><p>fiction, and illogical in relation to classical narration in fiction film as far as the audience</p><p>being invisible observers.</p>

One of the characteristics of film viewing since the beginning is the reaction film causes in the audience. This emotional reaction puzzles me. The aim of this study is to discover how film conveys emotions to the viewer and how these emotions are triggered. Film viewing has an emotional response often expressed by the viewer whether the film was good or not. What is it that makes it so appealing to our emotions? In order to find an answer I have looked through the theories of Greg M. Smith, Annette Kuhn, Allan Casebier and Colin McGinn, among others, to unveil how this emotions emerge. These theories approach the emotions in different ways giving a wider view of how emotions emerge during the film viewing. Personally, I am emotionally attracted to black and white Mexican films from the 40’s and 50’s and based the analysis on some of this films. After analysing Mexican films from the 40’s and 50’s I have come to the conclusion that the emotional reaction can be analysed by filmic tools such as the mood-cue system or the reading of thresholds and boarders, among others. The sum of visual, aural, narrative, movement among other elements together trigger emotions expressed depending of one’s own beliefs. Films have developed a wide range of ways to cue the viewer to a certain response and enhance determined emotions. The emotional response is however strongly linked to the individual background of the viewer and its beliefs. This makes a general reading not always easy to predict.

The art and science of crafting superior stories for feature film, television, and computer graphics productions, for both local and international purposes alike, are extremely important. In the artistic sense, this is a glimpse at the key elements in creating successful characters, stories, and environments. In the technical sense, it is a review on how to write a professional screenplay, as well as a comparison between different mediums, methods, and styles of writing. In order to conduct this research and accomplish said goals, material from a variable set of sources, including work by acclaimed authors, as well as professional screenplays and personal experience within the subject was used. The initial hypothesis that was put forth, proved in the end to become the overall result. Although being a field more inclined towards art than science, some of the answer and results came to fall within individual conclusions and opinions, rather than technical facts, as writing is different in style and nature to each and every screenwriter.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att skänka en grundläggande illustration av hur relationen bild inom bild och skräck kan se ut. Studien koncentrerar sig på estetiken och reflexiviteten hos bilderna inom bilden hos de japanska skräckfilmerna The Ring, Pulse och Dark Water. Dessa bilder består av ett videoband i The Ring, webbkamerabilder i Pulse och övervakningsbilder i Dark Water. Användningen av rörliga bilder inom rörliga bilder är reflexivt i den meningen att vi medvetandegörs om filmmediet självt som en konstruktion av bilder. Detta fenomen uppmärksammar oss också på akten att se. Syftet i skräckfilm är att skapa känslor av olust och skräck hos oss och detta åstadkoms, bland annat, genom hur bilderna ser ut och är upplagda. Ett återkommande element hos bilderna inom bilden hos våra filmer är otydligheten hos flera av dem och detta att vi inte kan se bilden tydligt kan ge upphov till olustkänslor. Något dessa bilder också har gemensamt och som kan te sig otäckt är att de är ologiska på olika sätt. Ologiska i förhållande till verkligheten, det vill säga vår verklighet utanför fiktionen, och ologiska i förhållande till det klassiska filmberättandet där åskådarna ska föreställa ”osynliga vittnen” till en händelse. / The aim of this paper is to give a basic illustration of how the relation horror and image within image can present itself. The study is concentrated upon the aesthetics and reflexivity of the images within the image in the Japanese horrorfilms The Ring, Pulse and Dark Water. The images within the image in these films consist of a videotape in The Ring, webcamera images in Pulse and images of surveillance in Dark Water. The use of moving images within moving images is reflexive in the sense that we come aware of the medium as a construction of moving images. This phenomenon also attracts our attention to the act of looking. The purpose in horrorfilm is to frighten us and to make us feel unpleasant. That is achieved, among other, by how the images look - it is the images that assault our eyes. An element that recurs is the indistinctness of several of these images, which can generate an unpleasant feeling. Another theme these images have in common and that may seem awkward is how illogical they appear. Illogical in comparison to our reality outside the fiction, and illogical in relation to classical narration in fiction film as far as the audience being invisible observers.

Abstract   The purpose with this essay is to get an understanding of how the christmascalender has evolved throughout the history, and why its shape looks like it does. We have made an analysis of the 21-centurys calendars to get a look on the content and tried to track a target group. Which themes have characterized the 21-century and how can you put these in relation to earlier calendars? To get a greater insight in the design of the christmascalendar, we made an interview with SVT's Susanne Kvarforth. After this it came to our knowledge that they are lacking guidelines besides that their target group is 6-12 year olds. After our analysis we came to the conclusion that the target group could be questioned, because our observations made it clear that the target group differ from what they set it to be. An observation we made is that the calendar tends to bring up very serious subjects like divorce and depression. We've also fund a lack of Christmas traditions. We find ourselves being negative towards the fact that the calendars are in lack of guidelines, with the result of a missing Christmas spirit, something we mean must be a central part of a Christmascalender.

Denna uppsatsens ämne är adaption. John W. Campbells science fiction/skräck kortroman Who Goes There? skall jämföras med två filmatiseringar som baserats på verket och som spelats in under olika generationer. Den första filmen är The Thing From Another World som regisserades av Christian Nyby 1951 och den andra filmen är The Thing som regisserades av John Carpenter 1982. Utöver en generell jämförelse som tar upp likheter och skillnader verken emellan så kommer teman som våld och genus också vara ett genomgående fokus i uppsatsen. Frågor som varför inga kvinnliga karaktärer finns i Campbells berättelse diskuteras, dessutom varför en av filmatiseringarna väljer att göra samma val när det gäller inkluderingen av kvinnor medan den andra inte gör det. Hur och varför kvinnor representeras som de gör generellt inom skräckgenren tas också upp. Effekten, graden och nödvändigheten av våld är en fråga som diskuteras inte bara inom ramarna av den ursprungliga berättelse skriven av Campbell och de två filmer som är baserade på den, men också inom skräckgenren som helhet. Ljudets roll inom skräck är också en faktor som tas upp via diskussion kring filmmusik.