L’intégration 3D est la suite de l’évolution de la microélectronique vers la miniaturisation à haute performance. Les pièces à pas fins permettent la conception de produits dits 3D (ou 2.5D) qui maximisent l’espace pour les données et accélèrent les transferts, tout en minimisant l’espace physique et l’énergie requise par le dispositif. Le procédé de fabrication le plus largement utilisé est celui de puces à protubérances inversées (ou flip-chip) et il implique l’alignement de la puce sur son substrat à l’aide d’une tête automatisée. Le procédé de puces inversées est particulier du fait que les puces comportent une matrice d’interconnexions couvrant la majorité de leur surface, en comparaison au procédé de fils soudés (wire bond) où les connexions sont en périphérie des puces. Elles doivent donc être renversées pour être placées pour la soudure. Le rôle primaire du flux est de s’assurer que les boules de soudure sont bien désoxydées avant l’étape de brasure afin de garantir la qualité et la conductivité de cette dernière. L’objectif de la recherche était de trouver un flux trempable qui satisfasse aux exigences des produits à pas fins soudés par thermocompression. Pour ce faire, les flux candidats ont été caractérisés tant sur le volet physico-chimique que sur le volet des phénomènes visco-inertiels en trempage. Cette caractérisation a permis de prédire le comportement des flux en trempage pour leur mouillabilité et la quantité de flux retirée, ainsi que la température où survenait un changement structurel important dans le flux, indiquant le moment où la réaction chimique de désoxydation culminait. La partie sous-jacente de l’objectif du projet devait aussi s’assurer de la compatibilité du nouveau flux avec les étapes d’encapsulation suivantes. Dans un tel procédé, cela signifiait la propreté après lavage, la compatibilité avec l’agent de remplissage époxy qui protège les pièces, l’ajout du capot métallique et les tests de fiabilité. Des trois candidats de flux testés, un seul a été choisi pour valider la méthode de trempage développée au travers des tests de fiabilités. Ces tests n’ont démontré aucune défaillance électrique et une fiche parfaite pour le test accéléré en humidité et température sous tension (HAST). Le test en cyclage thermique a fait apparaître des défauts mineurs sur 12% des pièces du flux choisi et d’un flux témoin.

The high energy density and stable temperature fields of latent heat thermal storage devices (LHTSD) make them promising in a range of applications, including solar energy storage, solar cooking, home heating and cooling, and thermal buffering. The chief engineering challenge in building an effective LHTSD is to find a way to complement the storage capabilities provided by the low-conductivity phase-change material with a suitable enhanced heat transfer mechanism. The principal aim of this project is to develop a tool to improve the design of a small-scale LHTSD, such as one that might be used in solar cooking for a family. An effective small-scale storage device would need to absorb solar energy quickly, release the energy at a high temperature, be affordable, and be manageable within a small household. An LHTSD using solar salts fulfills the latter two requirements: solar salts, a near-eutectic mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3 (60/40% by mass) commonly used in thermal storage applications, are inexpensive and widely available, and the use of latent heat storage means a relatively small chamber can hold enough energy to cook a family meal. The challenge, however, is to design a device that absorbs and releases energy from the solar salts, which have a very low thermal conductivity. The most practical tool to improve the spread of heat through the salts is a finned metal core within the LHTSD. This project uses numerical simulation to determine the most effective design of this finned core. A Cartesian grid solver is developed that is capable of simulating the convection-dominated melting processes within the storage device. The phase boundary is tracked using the enthalpy method, and conjugate heat transfer is calculated with a strongly coupled implicit scheme. A number of techniques are then used to with this solver in order to better understand the factors that affect the performance of a LHTSD and to improve the design of such devices. The thesis is organized as an introductory section followed by three case studies. In the first section, the project is introduced, and the governing equations and core numerical methods are described. In addition, a set of test simulations demonstrate that results using the developed numerical scheme match those of a range of experimental and numerical benchmarks. Each of the case studies aims to adapt the numerical scheme to a more specific problem concerning LHTSDs. In the first, the performance of four fin designs are compared over long-term (48 hour) simulations; the aim is to test the potential performance of the four LHTSDs given realistic solar conditions in New Delhi, India. In the second case study, a set of physical experiments are performed in an empty and a finned LHTSD, and matched 3-dimensional numerical simulations are used to explore the thermal, melt, and flow behavior of the solar salts with the chambers. The final study uses the computational scheme to optimize the design of the finned core of an LHTSD over a large parameter space. To optimize the best design, the key parameters are first prescreened to find which three parameters have the largest effect on the objective equation. A machine-learning optimization code using the dynamic Kriging method (DKG) is then used to build a response surface from which the optimized design can be determined. These three cases demonstrate the potential of the numerical scheme to explore the performance of finned LHTSD designs in a range of ways: the scheme can be used to predict behavior of devices in realistic conditions, to explore the behavior of solar salts during the melting and solidification process, and to determine an optimal design within a large parameter space. In doing so, they show the potential of this tool to help improve the performance and practicality of small-scale LHTSDs.

This thesis provides information about the effects that different fins have on a wakeboard and how it affects riders of all skill levels. The research is intended to show whether there is a correlation between the "feeling" that a rider perceives by performing a certain maneuver, and the results encountered on a complete laminar flow analysis. In addition, a discussion of available theories of how fins perform their objective will be presented. While it is possible for a rider to learn the different advantages and disadvantages of each fin size, material, and design by trying each configuration, such an approach is expensive and not practical. By analyzing and reporting how factors such as velocity, drag, pressure, and geometry, riders can have a better understanding of what kind of fin(s) they should consider when purchasing one. In addition this thesis provides qualitative results that show how each fin differs depending on its characteristics and material. Results are based on experimental trial of different types of fin by a set number of riders. At the end of this discussion the reader should have an understanding that the overall ranking of the fins based on FLUENT data is similar to that from the cognitive statistics. Therefore, on the basis of all the assumptions taken in this thesis and the results obtained, it is possible to predict a fin's performance based on the values that a software package like FLUENT will provide.

Thesis advisor: Sarah McMenamin / Pectoral fins are evolutionarily homologous to tetrapod limbs and can serve as useful models for studying the genetic and hormonal factors regulating appendage development. To test the roles of thyroid hormone (TH) in the development of these appendages, we examined the morphogenesis of zebrafish pectoral fins under euthyroid (EuTH) or hypothyroid (hypoTH) conditions. TH plays an important role in modulating the development of the pectoral fin endoskeleton, as well as the proximo-distal patterning of the fin rays. Additionally, in HypoTH fish, shh was expressed in the same domains, but at ~50% of WT expression levels. Nuclear TH acts by binding to dual-action receptors, including Thrab, which represses or activates expression depending on interaction with the TH ligand. When Thrab was absent in HypoTH fish, we found that many elements of the HypoTH phenotype were rescued, suggesting TH relieves Thrab- mediated repression. We also found that TH modulates the development of the musculature surrounding the pectoral fin. Lastly, we generated CRISPR-Mediated knockouts of dio1 and dio3b, to learn how the deiodination of TH may be affecting the development of the pectoral fin. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Biology.

This work presents direct and large eddy simulations of a wide range of heat augmentation surfaces roughened by modified dimples/protrusions. The dissertation is composed of two main parts: Part I (Chapters 2-4) for compact heat exchangers and Part II (Chapter 5) for internal cooling of rotating turbine blades. Part I consists of three phases: Phase I (Chapter 2) investigates flow structure and heat transfer distribution in a channel with dimples/protrusions; Phase II (Chapter 3) studies the application of dimples as surface roughness on plain fins; and Phase III (Chapter 4) considers a new fin shape, the split-dimple fin, that is based on modifying the conventional dimple shape. Chapter 2 presents direct and large eddy simulations conducted of a fin bank over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, ReH=200-15,000, covering the laminar to fully turbulent flow regimes and using two channel height geometries. While the smaller fin pitch channel has better performance in the low to medium Reynolds number range, both channel heights show similar trends in the fully turbulent regime. Moreover, analysis of the results shows that vortices generated in the dimple cavity and at the dimple rim contribute substantially to heat transfer from the dimpled surface, whereas flow impingement and acceleration between protrusions contribute substantially on the protrusion side. Chapter 3 considers applying dimples as surface roughness on plain fin surfaces to further enhance heat transfer from the fin. Three fin geometries that consider dimple imprint diameter effect and perforation effect are considered. The dimple imprint diameter has a minimal effect on the flow and heat transfer of the fin. However, the introduction of perforation in the dimple significantly changes the flow structure and heat transfer on the dimple side of the fin by eliminating recirculation regions in the dimple and generating higher intensity vortical structures. Chapter 4 presents a novel fin shape, the split-dimple fin, which consists of half a dimple and half a protrusion with an opening between them. The split dimple provides an additional mechanism for augmenting heat transfer by perturbing continuous boundary layer formation on the fin surface and generating energetic shear layers. While the protruding geometry of the split dimple augments heat transfer profoundly, it also increase pressure drop. The split dimple fin results in heat conductance that is 60–175% higher than a plain fin, but at a cost of 4–8 times the frictional losses. Chapter 5 studies the employment of dimples/protrusions on opposite sides for internal cooling of rotating turbine blades. Two geometries with two dimple/protrusion depths are investigated over a wide range of rotation numbers, Rob=-0.77 to 1.10. Results show that the dimple side is more sensitive to the destabilizing forces on the trailing surface, while both react similarly to the stabilizing effect on the leading side. It is concluded that placing the protrusion on the trailing side for low rotation number, |Rob|<0.2, provides better performance, while it is more beneficial to place the dimple side on the trailing side for higher rotation numbers. / Ph. D.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T16:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 252687.pdf: 1203332 bytes, checksum: eded45e027f12f23438f11c55f0f1d12 (MD5) / Este trabalho apresenta os critérios predominantes na avaliação de resultados de fundações e associações sem fins lucrativos (FASFIL) de Florianópolis na perspectiva dos financiadores estrangeiros, à luz dos modelos de valores da eficácia organizacional abordados na fundamentação teórica do presente estudo. Foram analisadas as instituições financiadoras internacionais: KNH e WKKF. As categorias utilizadas para a análise das instituições financiadoras contemplaram: as características da organização e de sua atuação como fonte financiadora, bem como o processo de financiamento. Para identificação do processo de financiamento foram analisadas: a captação de projetos e exigência das propostas; a avaliação das propostas e o acompanhamento dos projetos e avaliação dos resultados. A etapa de coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e análise de documentos. A análise dos dados primários foi realizada através da análise categorial, própria da análise de conteúdo e para os dados secundários foram efetuadas análises documentais. Através da análise dos dados foi possível observar tanto perspectivas de avaliação de desempenho racionalistas, quanto sócio-construtivistas dentre os financiadores internacionais. Confrontando os critérios de avaliação de desempenho identificados neste trabalho com os modelos de valores de eficácia de Quinn e Rohrbaugh (1983), foi possível observar a multiplicidade de critérios que envolvem os processos de avaliação de desempenho e a predominância de critérios relacionados aos modelos de metas racionais e processos interno. Critérios relacionados aos modelos de relações humanas e sistemas abertos também foram evidenciados porém, com menor freqüência. A destacada importância dada à rede de relacionamentos e à legitimidade da FASFIL na etapa de captação dos projetos e avaliação das propostas aguça o questionamento de que muitos projetos de grande impacto social, porém com integrantes sem histórico reconhecido pelos demais atores do meio, possam ser desfavorecidos no processo de captação de recursos financeiros.

Submitted by Erika Spalding (es@bslaw.com.br) on 2016-05-24T14:28:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_erika_spalding_vfinal1.pdf: 1594026 bytes, checksum: 31f46ac9137883ac2026d33004b3e1e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2016-05-25T18:18:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_erika_spalding_vfinal1.pdf: 1594026 bytes, checksum: 31f46ac9137883ac2026d33004b3e1e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T18:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_erika_spalding_vfinal1.pdf: 1594026 bytes, checksum: 31f46ac9137883ac2026d33004b3e1e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / The present study aims to provide a wide panorama of the endowment funds in Brazil, addressing not only the concept of this kind of fund and its role in the development context of the Brazilian third sector, but also the current legal barriers that hinder the full consolidation of the endowment as an important tool for the sustainable management of nonprofit organizations’ assets. The methodology adopted for this purpose relies on a course that goes from a more abstract approach – the gathering and analysis of the (actual and expected) legislation concerning the endowment funds – and ends with a more concrete one – the study of the demands and challenges faced by a few endowments funds based in the state of São Paulo that were interviewed by the author. / O presente trabalho pretende fornecer um panorama amplo sobre os fundos patrimoniais de endowment no Brasil, tratando não apenas da conceituação dessa espécie de fundo e da sua contextualização na evolução do Terceiro Setor brasileiro, mas também dos entraves legais que atualmente dificultam a sua plena consolidação como ferramenta de gestão sustentável de patrimônios de entidades sem fins lucrativos. A metodologia adotada para isso consiste num percurso que parte da abordagem mais abstrata – reunião e análise pura da legislação brasileira (atual e projetos de lei) atinente ao endowment – e termina com uma mais concreta – estudo das demandas e desafios enfrentados por alguns fundos patrimoniais existentes no Estado de São Paulo que foram entrevistados para esta pesquisa.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T11:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 224536.pdf: 783296 bytes, checksum: 89c7ec10db4425ad8eeb510277467c11 (MD5) / A presente dissertação trata do modelo de gestão de organizações do terceiro setor, as quais adquirem visibilidade na contemporaneidade, especialmente em razão das grandes mudanças econômicas, sociais e políticas que ocorrem na sociedade brasileira. Inicialmente, faz-se a introdução ao assunto, discorrendo sobre o problema a ser investigado e os objetivos a serem alcançados. Apresenta-se uma fundamentação teórica, descrevendo particularidades relacionadas com a temática no que se refere à relação Estado-Sociedade, modelos de gestão, organizações do terceiro setor e gestão social. Em relação à pesquisa empírica, foi realizada no Instituto Dom Fernando, localizado no município de Goiânia, e objetivou-se caracterizar e descrever o modelo de gestão social implementado naquele Instituto. A metodologia utilizada foi a de natureza qualitativa, destacando-se como um estudo de caso. Como fonte de dados, fez-se uso da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, além de alguns instrumentos de coleta de dados, como a entrevista e a observação participante. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram descrever o modelo de gestão da organização focalizada nesse estudo, suas particularidades estruturais e suas ações. Destaca-se a importância do Instituto Dom Fernando e sua relação com o Estado, com organizações privadas, não-governamentais e sociedade. Finaliza-se apresentando conclusões sobre o trabalho realizado e recomendações a futuros estudos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Oiveira da Silva.pdf: 1106652 bytes, checksum: 79ef151526f4cb25860dc88442e59c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at carrying out a needs analysis of English for lawyers from a countryside city of São Paulo state and for students of a reading and a writing course of Legal English. The theoretical background in Language for Specific Purposes this study is based upon are the ones by Hutchinson & Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans & St John (1998) and Ramos (2004), among others. This qualitative research relies on study case methodology according to Lüdke (1983), Lüdke & André (1986), Gil (1987), Johnson (1992), Stake (1998) and Denzin & Lincoln (1998). Interviews were carried out with two specialist informants, which allowed information to be gathered; from the gathered information two questionnaires were designed and administered to a group of participants: 8 professionals from Sorocaba-SP, 17 reading course students and 6 writing course students (both courses are given in São Paulo) which sums up 31 participants. Due to the lack of research focusing on the needs of legal professionals, this research provides an original contribution to Language for Specific Purposes and may assist in a better understanding of this context for professionals who are involved with English for Lawyers teaching. These results will help to design English courses in Sorocaba, as well as evaluate and redesign the Legal English courses in the capital, São Paulo, identifying learning needs and target situation needs / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver uma análise de necessidades de inglês para advogados de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo e para alunos de cursos de leitura e redação jurídica. O arcabouço teórico em Ensino-Aprendizagem de Línguas para Fins Específicos está fundamentado especialmente nos preceitos de Hutchinson e Waters (1987), Dudley-Evans e St John (1998) e Ramos (2004), entre outros. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo com referencial metodológico do estudo de caso, segundo as orientações de Lüdke (1983), Lüdke e André (1986), Gil (1987), Johnson (1992), Stake (1998) e Denzin e Lincoln (1998). Foram realizadas entrevistas com dois informantes especialistas, que permitiram levantar informações que resultaram na elaboração de dois questionários aplicados ao grupo de participantes, composto por 8 profissionais de Sorocaba-SP, 17 alunos do curso de leitura e 6 alunos do curso de redação, ambos ministrados na cidade de São Paulo, totalizando 31 participantes. Em razão da carência de pesquisas que busquem levantar as necessidades de inglês de profissionais do Direito, esta pesquisa traz uma contribuição original para a área de Línguas para Fins Específicos e pode auxiliar no melhor entendimento desse contexto de trabalho para profissionais que se envolvem com o ensino de inglês para advogados. Os resultados deste trabalho fornecem dados que permitem elaborar cursos de inglês para advogados em Sorocaba, bem como avaliar e redesenhar os cursos de inglês jurídico da capital paulista, identificando necessidades de aprendizagem e da situação-alvo

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 74609.pdf.jpg: 17238 bytes, checksum: 68addbf48d55e52433b947f91b614313 (MD5) 74609.pdf: 1885686 bytes, checksum: 512a389e6918bb90e1950fbd19990fd4 (MD5) 74609.pdf.txt: 609224 bytes, checksum: 1f5d4470a7b6e7d3061455b753d02257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-08T00:00:00Z / This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the occurrence of practices associated to intrapreneurship in non-governmental organizations. A preliminary analysis reference system has been designed based on the concepts of intrapreneurship, nongovernmental organizations and institutional theory. This theoretical framework has oriented the realization of an empirical, qualitative research of exploratory nature undertaken through case studies, having as object of study non-governmental organizations. Two case studies were carried out. The first one analyzed a non-governmental organization located in the city of Rio de Janeiro which employs volunteer work in intensive form and that has its main focus of operation on the health field. The second study case concentrated on the analysis of a non-governmental organization situated in the city of São Paulo which concentrates on education and develops its activities using mostly professionals, as opposed to volunteers, and which fits into the category of “Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIP)”. Through these case studies it was possible to obtain subsidies to analyze and refine the reference system previously designed. Considerations concerning the adoption of practices associated with intrapreneurship and the entrepreneurial discourse legitimating the non-governmental organizations are also brought up. / Essa tese tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão da ocorrência de práticas associadas ao intra-empreendedorismo em organizações não-governamentais (ONGs). Elaborou-se um referencial de análise preliminar a partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de intra-empreendedorismo, organizações não-governamentais e teoria institucional. Esse arcabouço teórico orientou a realização de pesquisa empírica, qualitativa e de natureza exploratória, empreendida por meio de estudo de caso, tendo como objeto de estudo organizações não-governamentais. Foram realizados dois estudos de casos. O primeiro analisou uma ONG localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, cujo foco principal de atuação é a área da saúde, e que emprega o trabalho voluntário de forma intensiva. O segundo estudo de caso foi voltado à análise de uma ONG localizada na cidade de São Paulo, cujo foco principal de atuação é a educação, que desenvolve suas atividades valendo-se basicamente de trabalho remunerado, e que se enquadra na categoria de Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público - OSCIP. Com os estudos de casos, foi possível obter subsídios para analisar e refinar o referencial previamente elaborado. São levantadas, também, considerações referentes à adoção de práticas associadas ao intra-empreendedorismo e ao discurso empreendedor legitimador das organizações não-governamentais.