Forskning tyder på att faktorer som exempelvis personlighetsdrag, kön, ålder, relationsstatus och erfarenhet kan påverka en individs risktolerans. Det förekommer dock tvetydigheter om hur olika faktorer påverkar risktolerans. Denna studie undersökte vilka bakgrundsvariabler och personlighets­dimensioner som relaterade till risktolerans samt vilka variabler som var mest avgörande för att kunna förklara den totala variationen av risktolerans. Studien hade tre frågeställningar. I studien deltog 133 högskolestudenter. Deltagarna fick besvara en enkät bestående av Shafers personality scale som mäter de grundläggande personlighetsdimensionerna enligt femfaktorteorin samt 13-item instrument som mäter risktolerans. Studiens frågeställningar besvarades med Pearsons produktmomentkorrelationskoefficient och en stegvis multipel linjär regressionsanalys med forward selection. Korrelationerna visade att män, ekonomistudenter och privatsparande hade högre risktolerans än kvinnor, övriga ämnesområden och icke-privatsparade. Neuroticism korrelerade negativt med risktolerans. Samma variabler var mest avgörande och kunde förklara 28% av den totala variationen i risktolerans bland högskolestudenter. Det diskuterades att intresse och kunskap möjligen inverkade på risktolerans.

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SammanfattningTitel: Fastighetsmäklarens optimala förhållningssätt för framgångsrika intagsmöten. Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Fastighetsvetenskap med inriktning på fastighetsförmedling vid Malmö Universitet. Författare: Daniella Karlsson och Sofia Madsen  Handledare: Maria Appelqvist Datum: 2023‐05‐22 Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer hos en fastighetsmäklare som en säljare värdesätter på ett intagsmöte och hur det kan komma att generera framgångsrika affärsrelationer.  Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ forskningsmetod använts. Med hjälp av enkäter till 83 respondenter har det kunnat synliggöra vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av en fastighetsmäklare. Respondenterna har bidragit till en djupare förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av en fastighetsmäklare. Personlighetsdragen i Big-Five modellen har utgjort inspiration för att vidare kunna studera om yrkesrollens förhållningssätt går att utveckla på ett intagsmöte. Resultat och slutsatser: Studien visar att personlighetsdragen i Big Five har en signifikant inverkan på säljarens uppfattning av fastighetsmäklaren vid ett intagsmöte. En ökad förståelse hos fastighetsmäklaren om dessa drag kan vara avgörande i chansen om fastighetsmäklaren får hjälpa säljaren med sin försäljning eller inte.  Nyckelord: Fastighetsmäklare, bostadsköp, säljteknik, big five, intagsmöte.

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Titel: Fastighetsmäklarens syn på förhandling Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå(kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi  Författare: Amanda Lindberg och Ellen Lundstedt Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2022 - maj Syfte: Syftet med studien är att studera hur olika fastighetsmäklare, utefter deras personlighetsdrag, ser och uttrycker sig om sina förhandlingar.  Metod: Studien har genomförts via en diskursanalys. Sex fastighetsmäklare har intervjuats med hjälp av frågor kopplade till förhandling. Intervjusvaren har sedan analyserats genom en utformad femstegsmodell anpassad för diskursanalyser. Utöver intervjun har varje mäklare genomfört en personlighetstest. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar vad som anses viktigt för respektive fastighetsmäklare i en förhandling samt vilka ord mäklarna tenderar att använda. Det framställs att mäklare med höga nivåer av neuroticism talar mycket om ståndpunkter medan mäklare med höga nivåer av extraversion talar om social förmåga, samarbete och relationer. De med höga drag av agreeableness talar i stället om relationer, förtroende och behovsanalys. Mäklare med höga nivåer av openness to experience håller med om att behovsanalys är viktigt i en förhandling medan mäklare med personlighetsdraget conscientiousness fokuserar på mål och förberedelse. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur fastighetsmäklare, utefter Big Fives personlighetstyper, talar om förhandling. Studien öppnar möjligheter till fastighetsmäklarbranschen och kan bidra till utveckling hos mäklare och mäklarstudenter. Förslag till vidare forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning är att differentiera fastighetsmäklarna från stad och kontor. Därefter studera om fastighetsmäklarens syn på förhandling beror på annat än deras personlighetsdrag. Nyckelord: Big Five, förhandling, diskursanalys, fastighetsmäklare.

The purpose of this degree project was to investigate teachers’ conscious and unconscious interpretations of interculturality. We interviewed five teachers from different schools in order to analyse how intercultural their teaching of culture in EFL is. We investigated how their schools encourage cultural diversity, whether intercultural aspects are incorporated in their EFL-teaching and how they interpret the term interculturality. The Swedish national curriculum (Skolverket 2011a), Byram’s (1997) five savoirs and Sercu’s (2006) IC-teacher profile provided us with the theoretical background for the analysis. Our findings suggest that there are teachers who do not incorporate intercultural aspects into their EFL-teaching, as well as teachers who include some aspects. Among our five teachers there is an uncertainty concerning interculturality and how it should be a part of their teaching. Our conclusion is that since it is no longer optional in Swedish schools to incorporate interculturality into EFL-teaching, it is necessary to raise an awareness of the term among principals, teachers and teacher students.

Recently, a considerable amount of research has been performed on simulating the collective behavior of pedestrians in the street or people finding their way inside a building or a room. Comprehensive reviews of the state of the art can be found in Schreckenberg and Deo (2002) and Batty, M., DeSyllas, J. and Duxbury, E. (2003). In all these simulation studies, one area that is lacking is accounting for the effects of human personalities on the outcome. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on researching the effects of human personalities and adding the results to the simulations to make them more realistic. This research investigated the possibility of incorporating personality factors into the crowd simulation model. The first part of this study explored the extraction of quantitative crowd motion from videos and developed a method to compare real video with the simulation output video. Several open source programs were examined and modified to obtain optical flow measurements from real videos captured at sporting events. Optical flow measurements provide information such as crowd density, average velocity with which individuals move in the crowd, as well as other parameters. These quantifiable optical flow calculations provided a strong method for comparing simulation results with those obtained from video footage captured in real life situations. The second part of the research focused on the incorporation of the personality factors into the crowd simulation. Existing crowd models such as HelbingU-Molnar-Farkas-Vicsek (HMFV) do not take individual personality factors into account. The most common approach employed by psychologists for studying personality traits is the Big Five factors or dimensions of personality (NEO: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). In this research forces related to the personality factors were incorporated into the crowd simulation models. The NEO-based forces were incorporated into an existing HMFV simulated implemented in the MASON simulation framework. The simulation results were validated using the quantification procedures developed in the first phase. This research reports on a major expansion of a simulation of pedestrian motion based on the model (HMFV) by Helbing, D., I. J. Farkas, P. Molnár, and T. Vicsek (2002). Example of actual behavior such as a crowd exiting church after service were simulated using NEO-based forces and show a striking resemblance to actual behavior as rated by behavior scientists.

The paper discusses how to boost corporate value systematically based on the theory of the five elements in traditional Chinese culture; firstly, the categorization and analogy approach from the theory of the five elements is applied to make the five elements correspond to the five major factors influencing corporate value: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth, correspond to business innovation, financial capability, operational efficiency, competitive barriers, and comprehensive capacity, respectively, and the logical relation in these five elements is described and explained according to the principle of inter-promoting relation in the five elements. Continuous business innovation will bring about the improvement of operational efficiency, which in turn will be directly reflected in the growth of financial indicators, thereby providing an enterprise with the performance growth and cash flow guarantee; depending on a better profitability, the enterprise is capable of attracting and accumulating resources such as talents and capital, gaining competitive advantages and forming competitive barriers, as well as promoting the improvement of comprehensive capabilities and the cultivation of corporate culture; in addition, the improvement of corporate atmosphere can promote innovation more effectively, and thus boost corporate value systematically. Moreover, inspired by neural networks, the paper establishes an umbrella corporate value scoring system by combining it with the M-P neuron model, which is composed of the umbrella chart of corporate value scoring and the five-element neural network evaluation model. With respect to an enterprise, the five factors can be scored after an analysis is performed on its financial reports, industry rankings, corporate announcements and other information, and a five-dimensional umbrella radar chart can clearly present the performance of each factor influencing its value; the industry average is taken into account in scoring, the umbrella chart of each enterprise is not isolated but comparable because they all establish a certain connection with the industry; the five-element neural network evaluation model is regarded as a tool to facilitate enterprises to calculate the corporate value score, also with the help of the initial scoring of each element. The score reflects the inter-promoting relation principle of the five elements and can show how much each element can contribute to the improvement of the corporate value under the mutual influence, thereby highlighting the concept of systematic boost of corporate value. In this paper, the five elements analysis theory is applied to analyze the five enterprises: Ali Health, Wal-Mart, Tesla, Kweichow Moutai, and Haidilao, and find out the advantages of each company by making use of the inter-promoting relationship between the promoting elements, promoted elements and advantageous elements, and conclude their shortcomings of the companies and provide development suggestions. Finally, this paper explores the application method of the principle of inter-restricting in case analysis, i.e. developing the elements restricting advantageous elements, and promoting the systematic boost of corporate value from the perspective of balance. This chapter also expands the theory of the five elements from a company to the whole industry, and established a three-level classification system of "industry-segment -company". Each company in industry has its own advantages and it is unavailable to extract the advantageous element in the whole industry. However, in the process of dividing the industry into multiple segments, the present research concludes that the leading enterprises in each segment represent the future development trend of the field to a certain extent. The advantages of this enterprise tend to represent the advantages of this field. As a result, the leading enterprises can obtain various high-quality resources in the industry, which is helpful to further boost their corporate value. / Business Administration/Finance

Thesis advisor: Raquel Muñiz / Trust is never more important than during a crisis. For years, researchers have been studying trust in organizations and schools, focusing on the principal and teacher relationship and its impact on school climate. The literature has been less focused, however, on the superintendent and principal relationship—and the role trust plays within that relationship. Moreover, given the recency and continually evolving nature of COVID-19, there is little research about the actions superintendents and principals are taking to lead their school communities through this pandemic and even less research on how this crisis impacts the relational trust between the superintendent and the principal. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine how trust impacts the relationship between the superintendent and the principals in their district. Accordingly, this study will address the following research questions: 1) How do principals view their relationship with the superintendent and their schools during a crisis? and 2) What practices influence the role of trust in this relationship? To understand how principals view their relationships with their superintendent, as well as practices that influence trust, I conducted six interviews with five principals and the superintendent, and I observed a School Committee meeting where a principal presented on behalf of all principals in support of the superintendent. Principals highlighted how working for a benevolent, competent, and reliable superintendent over a long period of time helps them build trust in their superior while also leading a school during a time of crisis. Practices that appeared to build and sustain trust during the COVID-19 crisis and that support a trusting relationship between the superintendent and principals include length of time working together; perceived trust from the superintendent in the principals’ competence, which led to reciprocal trust; the ability to advocate for systems-wide change; and acts of benevolence. This research emphasizes that the relationship between principals and the superintendent matters. It is essential that trust is developed between principals and the superintendent to ensure a stable working environment for staff, ultimately leading to greater consistency for students during trying times in school and beyond. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

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