This thesis presents the problem surrounding green marketing, which involves the lack of knowledge of green consumption by the consumer, and the threats of green washing from companies who present green marketing without achieving the green marketing criteria. An implementation of the green marketing theories in the cases of Patagonia and Klättermusen: green marketing five “I’s” and the green marketing three “C’s” was done in order to understand if the two companies fit the green marketing profile. This thesis aims to contribute to gain deeper knowledge from the outdoor consumer perspective on green marketing campaigns, and answer the question to how effective these campaigns are to the outdoor consumer, through a qualitative research.

<p>This paper is the result of a minor field study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, during the period of November and December 2007. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the current business environment for apparel manufacturing in Istanbul. Research was carried out through an industry analysis in terms of competition and potential future development for apparel manufacturers.</p><p>The research has been carried out through interviews with actors related to the apparel manufacturing segment. Interviewees include five manufacturers, two sourcing agents, one trade organization and one professor with research in the area.</p><p>Our findings concerning the business environment are based on Michael E. Porters theoretical framework on “How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy”. In the case of Turkish apparel manufacturers this paper concludes how the barriers of entry for new actors are high, unless integrating forward. Additionally in general terms the suppliers have a weak bargaining position while customers are relatively strong in the bargaining process. The rivalry among apparel manufacturers is low, but it can be stated how less differentiated manufacturer experience significant higher level of rivalry. Further on this paper also concludes how these factors not are affected by any substitute products, much due to the broad scope of the study.</p><p>In respect to these factors a general strategy used by apparel manufactures has been identified as they try to affect the balance of these competitive forces through e.g. differentiation and vertical integration.</p>

In the present PhD work, three sophisticated models based on the "Engineering" modeling approach have been utilized to conveniently describe and thoroughly analyze details of Lightning events at the CN Tower. Both the CN Tower and the Lightning Channel are represented by a number of connected in series Transmission Line sections in order to account for the variations in the shape of the tower and for plasma processes that take place within the Lightning Channel. A sum of two Heidler functions is used to describe the "uncontaminated" Return Stroke current, which is injected at the attachment point between the CN Tower and the Lightning Channel. Reflections and refractions at all points of mismatched impedances are considered until their contribution becomes less than 1% of the originally injected current wave. In the proposed models, the problem with the current discontinuity at the Lightning Channel front, commonly taken care of by introducing a "turn-on" term when computing radiation fields, is uniquely treated by introducing reflected and transmitted components. For the first time, variable speed of propagation of the Return Stroke current front has been considered and its influence upon the predicted current distributions along the whole Lightning Channel path and upon the radiated distant fields analyzed. Furthermore, as another novelty, computation of the electromagnetic field is accomplished in Cartesian Coordinates. This fact permits to relax the requirement on the verticality of the Lightning Channel, normally imposed in Cylindrical Coordinates. Therefore, it becomes possible to study without difficulty the influence of a slanted Lightning Channel upon the surrounding electromagnetic field. Since the proposed sophisticated Five-Section Model has the capability to represent very closely the structure of the CN Tower and to emulate faithfully the shape of, as well as physical processes within the Lightning Channel, it is believed to have the potential of truthfully reproducing observed fields. The developed modeling approach can be easily adapted to study the anticipated radiated fields at tall structures even before construction.

科技的進步改變了當代童年的樣貌，孩子語言中的「遊戲」二字不再是過往的傳統遊戲，而是充滿聲光效果的多媒體遊戲。這樣的現象讓許多研究相繼投入探討數位遊戲對兒童造成的影響，然而在這眾聲喧嘩的議題中，關注的對象並不包含學齡前幼兒。因此，本研究站在積極理解的角度，探究學齡前幼兒在數位遊戲中的思維活動，企盼增加對當代童年的瞭解。 本研究目的是探討五歲幼兒在數位小遊戲中的問題解決歷程和策略，因此從臺北市邀請18位五歲的大班幼兒，以兩人一組的方式共同進行遊戲<小羊回家>約20分鐘，並隨後訪談5分鐘關於在遊戲中遇到的問題與策略。研究採集的資料內容包含觀察紀錄、訪談語料、錄音和錄影，並將整理後的資料以質性方式分析和詮釋。 研究發現幼兒的問題表徵受到遊戲畫面複雜程度的影響，但幼兒初始建立的遊戲假設和過關成功沒有絕對關係。而本研究考量到幼兒在遊戲中的動作與想法，重新提出六種問題解決策略：(1)反覆操作來內化按鍵功能、(2)排列組合已知條件、(3)逐步縮短與目標的差距、(4)用相同動作試探發生的可能、(5)錯誤排除、(6)重新表徵遊戲目標」。同時也發現隨著幼兒個性和風格不同，會產生出不同樣貌的問題解決歷程：「在簡單道路上循序漸進」、「賭博般孤注一擲」、「在規則中發散遊走」，最後意外地看見，過關並不是遊戲唯一的目標，在遊戲中獲得不同程度的滿足感也是相當重要的。 / The development and growth of digital games have been changing people’s childhood in the world. Nowadays, most children tend to play digital games instead of traditional ones. Though there are a great number of studies into how digital games affect children’s behavior, few ones on preschool children have been found. Through positive approach, this study, as a result, is aimed at discussing and analyzing the thinking of five-year-old children while they are playing digital games, and is also for future reference about children in digital times. The purposes of this study are designed to explore five-year-old children’s problem-solving process and strategies during playing digital game. In this study, eighteen young children in Taipei City are selected to play a digital game, “Home sheep home.” They played in pairs about twenty minutes, and then were given an interview about ‘How did you pass the game?’ and ‘what strategies did you use?’ around five minutes. In order to confirm the trustworthiness of the study, the raw data were collected from various sources including observation, conversation, audio and video. Afterwards, those records were reorganized into qualitative information for further data analysis and interpretation The conclusions of the study are: 1. Young children’s problem representation has nothing to do with accomplishing the game’s mission. Instead, it is affected by the complication of the content on screen. 2. Six problem-solving strategies are re-raised in the study like “Press keyboard repeatedly,” ”Organize all the possibilities” , ”Approach the goal gradually,” ”Repeat the same action to produce a possible result,” ”Avoid the same mistakes,” , ”represent game goal again” . 3. Three problem-solving processes have been concluded into three parts: ”Step-by-step attempt,” ”High-risk attempt” , ”Unfocused attempt “。

Detta examensarbete handlar om hur man kan gå tillväga för att finna orsaken till att kvalitetsfel uppstår i en tillverkningsprocess och hur man kan förhindra att samma kvalitetsproblem fortsätter att existera. En central del i examensarbetet har även varit att belysa vikten av att identifiera ett problems grundorsak. Syftet med studien är att belysa några av flera metoder som kan användas för att hitta orsaker till kvalitetsrelaterade fel inom tillverkningsindustrin. De data som samlats in och står i grund för resultatet och slutsatserna har bestått av litteraturstudier, observationer och intervjuer. De kvalitetsverktygen som framfördes i studien är ”Fem varför” och Ishikawadiagram, vilket är två verktyg som bland annat gör det möjligt att upptäcka grundorsaken till ett problems uppkomst. De praktiska tillämpningarna av kvalitetsverktygen är presenterade i en fallstudie som har utförts på Johnson Controls AB i Göteborg, Sverige. Fallstudien är gjord på en av flera produktionslinor där ett rådande problem med kvalitet ansågs vara kritiskt. Slutsatserna som har dragits av detta examenarbete är att det är viktigt att identifiera grundorsaken till ett problems uppkomst för att kunna implementera en långsiktig åtgärd. Risken med att endast lindra ett problems symptom (och inte roten till dess uppkomst) är att det aldrig elimineras utan existerar och ständigt kräver resurser för att lindras. Genom att identifiera ett problems grundorsak kan man därmed se till att det inte uppstår igen, eftersom det då kan elimineras. Det finns olika metoder och verktyg som kan användas för att identifiera grundorsaken till ett problem, två stycken som nämns i rapporten är ”Fem varför” och Ishikawadiagram. Det är viktigt att fokus och resurser läggs på ett sådant långsiktigt arbete. / This thesis is about how you can find the cause of quality defects in manufacturing processes and how to prevent that the same issue continue to exist. A part of the thesis illuminate the importance of identifying the root cause of a problem. The purpose of the study is to highlight some of the many methods that can be used to fins the causes for defects concerning quality in the industrial sector. The data that is collected and are the basis for the result and conclusions of the case study consisted of literature studies, observations and interviews. The quality tools that are presented in the study are “Five Whys” and the Ishikawa chart, which are two tools that, among others, makes it possible to find the root cause of a problems occurrence. The practical applications of the quality tools are presented in a case study that was conducted at Johnson Controls AB in Gothenburg, Sweden. The case study was based on observations concerning one of several production lines, where the current quality problem was critical. The conclusions drawn from this thesis is that it is important to identify the root cause of the occurrence of a problem in order to implement long-term actions and measures. The risk that comes with only reliving the symptom of a problem (and not the root of it) is that it will not be eliminated but exists and constantly requires resources to be alleviated. By identifying the root cause of a problem, one can be assure that it will not occur again, since it will be eliminated. There are various methods and tools that can be used to identify the root cause of a problem; two of them that are mentioned in the report is “Five Whys” and the Ishikawa chart. It is important to focus and resources are spent on such a long-term actions and efforts.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka personlighet och dess eventuella kausala samband med konstnärlig kreativitet. Femfaktormodellen användes för att undersöka personlighetsdragen öppenhet, extroversion och neuroticism. Begreppet kreativitet beskrivs genom tidigare forskning och konstnärlig kreativitet utgör grunden för studien. En kortare pilotstudie genomfördes för att testa förståelsen av mätinstrumentet för kreativitet, som tidigare översatts från engelska till svenska. I undersökningen ingick 89 respondenter som besvarade en online-enkät utlagd i facebookgruppen “studenter vid högskolan i Skövde”. Resultatet visade att personlighetsdraget öppenhet predicerar konstnärlig kreativitet. Resultaten för personlighetsdragen extroversion och neuroticism visade inte på någon predicering av konstnärlig kreativitet. Dock visade resultatet att facetten sällskaplighet för personlighetsdraget extroversion predicerar den konstnärligt kreativa domänen dans, medan personlighetsdraget neuroticism och facetten depression predicerar den konstnärligt kreativa domänen kreativt skrivande. Därigenom kunde följande slutsats dras: ett flertal av studiens respondenter uttrycker sig på ett konstnärligt kreativt sätt och vilken typ av konstnärligt kreativt uttryckssätt som individen föredrar beror på individens personlighet. / The purpose of this study was to investigate personality and it’s potential causality with artistic creativity. The five-factor model was used to investigate the personality traits openness, extraversion and neuroticism. Creativity is described by earlier research and artistic creativity creates the basic of this study. A short pilot-study was performed to evaluate the understanding of the instrument for creativity, that had been translated earlier from english to swedish. The sample used consisted of 89 respondents, who participated in an online-survey posted at a facebook-group named “studenter vid högskolan i Skövde”. The results showed that the personality trait openness predicts artistic creativity. The results of the personality traits extraversion and neuroticism did not show any predictability of artistic creativity. However, the results showed that the facet gregariousness from the personality trait extraversion predicts the artistic creative domain of dance, while the personality trait neuroticism and the facet depression predicts the artistic creative domain creative writing. Thereby the following conclusion could be made: several respondents of this study are expressing themselves in an artistic creative way and what kind of artistic creative expressions they use is defined by the personality of the person.

L'objectif de cette thèse était de montrer que les autodescriptions dans les inventaires de personnalité expriment la connaissance que les individus ont de valeur sociale qu'il convient d'exprimer selon les contextes de passation. Nous nous sommes principalement appuyés sur la littérature relative au jugement social, qui définit la valeur sociale à partir de deux dimensions fondamentales : la désirabilité sociale et l'utilité sociale. La première, la désirabilité sociale, exprime la réputation des personnes à susciter des affects positifs dans les relations sociales. La seconde, l'utilité sociale, exprime la réputation à performer dans un système social. Dans ce cadre, nous avons examiné l'hypothèse générale selon laquelle les réponses données à un inventaire de personnalité reposent davantage sur la valeur d'utilité et/ou de désirabilité des items (information évaluative) que sur les facteurs de personnalité qu'ils sont censés mesurer (information descriptive). Nous avons d'abord montré que les individus attribuent plus ou moins de désirabilité et d'utilité sociale aux différents items des inventaires de personnalité. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence que la prise en compte de cette information évaluative permet aux répondants de mieux faire correspondre leurs réponses aux prescriptions sociales (explicites ou implicites). Dans un troisième ensemble d'études, nous avons étudié le rôle des informations descriptives et des informations évaluatives dans les inférences de performance professionnelle. Les données ont mis en évidence que les individus utilisent davantage l'information évaluative lorsqu'ils doivent pronostiquer la performance professionnelle. Enfin, les deux dernières études montrent que les facteurs de personnalité prédisent la performance essentiellement à travers les items dont la valeur sociale est congruente avec la valeur mobilisée par le critère de performance (sélection, relations sociales). Pris ensemble, nos résultats soutiennent notre hypothèse générale et indiquent que les individus expriment une connaissance intuitive de leur valeur sociale dans les inventaires. / Our aim was to show that self-description in personality inventories communicate individuals' self-knowledge about their social value. Following social judgment framework, social value is defined around two fundamental dimensions: social desirability and social utility. The former refers to the individuals' reputation to elicit positive affects in interpersonal relations. The latter refers to the individuals' reputation to perform in social systems. We postulated that self-description in personality inventories rely more on the social utility and social desirability of the items (evaluative information) than on the personality factors they are supposed to measure (descriptive information). We first showed that personality items could cover more or less social desirability or social utility. Then, we showed that these two components serve the malleability of self-descriptions according to explicit or implicit social exigencies. In a third set of studies, we studied the role of descriptive and evaluative information on performance inferences. Results showed the primacy of evaluative over descriptive information for professional performance inferences. Finally, the last two studies show that personality factors predict performance primarily through the items whose social value is congruent with the value mobilized by the performance criterion (selection, social relations). Taken together, the results support our hypothesis and indicate that individuals express an intuitive knowledge of their social value in personality inventories.

This thesis is focused on processing business plan new company called 3energy.cz. The theoretical part includes basic concepts relating to business, its legal form, then there is the business plan described in terms of structure, form and content. The practical section contains a description and analysis of specific enterprise with a particular focus on the competition, neighborhood of company and marketing. The following part is the financial plan of 3energy.cz based on the initial investment, the anticipated revenues and expenses of the company. Based on these data, the forecast financial statements is prepared on a time horizon of five years. This part ends with an analysis of risks that may arise during real business.

The aim of the final thesis was implementation of strategic analysis of dental orthodontia laboratory. The final thesis should help to laboratory during the process of transformation to social entrepreneurship. Strategic analysis pursues macroeconomic and microeconomic environment that influence enterprise in profitable and nonprofit surroundings. In case that laboratory will execute all statutory claims, transformation could be done in january 2011. Results of the analysis proved very good strategic position of laboratory between competition. High quality of the products was the main reason. I determined two strategic aims for laboratory as social entrepreneurship. The one of them deal with the employing of the handicapped or disadvantaged people in the labour market. The second one focus on the sustenance of the contemporary high quality. I divided these aims to the six tactical goals.

Title: An essay based on the “Big Five” theory. The purpose of this essay is to examine and analyze how different personality traits relate to different phases and strategies of negotiation.   Level: Final assignment for a Bachelor Degree in Business Administration    Authors: Kamila Crafoord and Malin Larsson   Supervisor: Jonas Kågström    Date: 2019 – June   Aim: The aim of this essay is to examine and analyze how different personality traits relate to the different phases and strategies of negotiation.   Method: We have used a quantitative research method, based on a deductive approach. The data were obtained via a questionnaire, subsequently analyzed in the statistical programme “Jamovi”, using descriptive analysis, reliability analysis and factor analysis. The respondents were students of business administration at Högskolan i Gävle.   Results &amp; Conclusions: The results show that the personality traits ”openness”, “conscientiousness” and ”agreeableness” are recurrent in the pre-bargaining as well as in the bargaining phase. “Conscientiousness” is linked to distributive strategies. The traits “agreeableness” and “openness” are associated with integrative strategies. We have made new findings concerning “openness” in particular, which is prominent in both the initial phase and the negotiation phase.   Contribution of the thesis: The study shows that certain personality types have a greater penetration power in different phases of negotiation. This knowledge can be useful, for example when putting together a negotiation team, where a dividing up of negotiators can be done based on the negotiation phases. Thus, the individual strengths of the team are used in the best possible way. The study has not been conducted in a specific line of business, and the results may be used in many situations where negotiations take place.   Suggestions for future research: The number of respondents in this study is limited. We believe that a more comprehensive study could contribute to a more in-depth knowledge concerning different lines of trade. In order to contribute to new knowledge of negotiation and its phases, it would be fruitful to compare senior negotiators to less experienced ones (students) within the field of Business Economics. It would also be interesting to stage negotiations with a group of participants, and compare their self-assessed views through a BFI-44 to the actual measured results of the negotiations.   Keywords: “negotiation”, “negotiation phases”, “initial phase”, “pre negotiation”, “bargaining phase”, “distributive”, “integrative”, “The Big Five”, “personality traits”, “individual differences”. / Titel: En studie baserad på femfaktorteorin i relation till förhandlingsfaser och -strategier.   Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Kamila Crafoord och Malin Larsson   Handledare: Jonas Kågström    Datum: 2019 - juni    Syfte: Studien avser att analysera hur olika personlighetsdrag förhåller sig till förhandlingsfaser och strategier.   Metod: Studien utgår från en kvantitativ metod med utgångspunkt i ett deduktivt förhållningssätt. Data har samlats in genom en enkätundersökning och har bearbetats i statistikprogrammet Jamovi med deskriptivanalys, reliabilitetsanalys och faktoranalyser. Vi har vänt oss till studenter i företagsekonomi på Högskolan i Gävle.   Resultat &amp; slutsats: Resultatet visar att personlighetsdragen ”openness”, ”conscientiousness” och ”agreeableness” är återkommande både i den initiala fasen och förhandlingsfasen. ”Conscientiousness” kan kopplas samman med distributiva strategier och ”agreeableness” och ”openness” kan kopplas samman med integrativa strategi. Vi har gjort nya fynd gällande att ”openness” är framträdande inom den initiala fasen och förhandlingsfasen. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien visar att vissa personlighetstyper har en mer optimal genomslagskraft i olika faser. Dessa kunskaper är bra att nyttja och kan exempelvis gå att implementera på ett förhandlingsteam, där en uppdelning av förhandlare kan göras utefter de båda förhandlingsfaserna. På så sätt nyttjas de styrkor som finns inom teamet på bästa sätt. Studien har inte utförts i en specifik bransch och resultaten kan användas i de många situationer där förhandlingar äger rum.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studiens respondenter har varit begränsade i antalet, att utföra en mer omfattande undersökning tror vi skulle bidra till en fördjupad kunskap inom olika branscher.För att kunna bidra till ökad kunskap inom förhandling och dess faser skulle en jämförelse mellan erfarna förhandlare gentemot studenter inom företagsekonomi vara givande. Det skulle även vara intressant att låta en experimentgrupp utföra förhandlingar och låta dem genomföra en BFI-44. Det skulle möjliggöra att jämföra deras självskattade uppfattning baserat på BFI-44 med resultatet av förhandlingarna.