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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

"Because purpose is not a goal. It's a journey": How Experiences of Social Studies Teaching and Learning Contribute to the Development of Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers' Purposes for Teaching

Mooney, Evan 14 December 2015 (has links)
No description available.
22

Os sambaquis submersos de Cananéia: um estudo de caso de arqueologia subaquática / The underwater shell middens of Cananéia: a case study of underwater archaeology

Calippo, Flávio Rizzi 16 August 2004 (has links)
Em meio aos manguezais de Cananéia (extremo sul do litoral de SP), foram identificados, no âmbito do Programa Arqueológico do Baixo Vale do Ribeira, oito sambaquis que apresentam vestígios arqueológicos submersos. Com o objetivo de compreender a ocorrência desses sambaquis e de contextualizá-los espaço-temporalmente em meio às flutuações holocênicas do nível do mar, esta dissertação fundamentou-se em uma adaptação da técnica do Vibracoring, em métodos e técnicas da Arqueologia Subaquática, na abordagem geoarqueológica proposta por Waters (1992) e no estudo dos Processos de Formação adotados por Stein (1992). Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho pode identificar que o potencial de preservação e a distribuição dos sambaquis nessa região apresentam uma forte correlação com as oscilações do Nível Relativo do Mar, que ocorreram após o último máximo regressivo holocênico. Essas evidências indicaram também, que além de existirem chances reais de sambaquis totalmente submersos terem se preservado, nem sempre sítios relativos a um antigo nível marinho acabaram sendo destruídos ou ficando submersos. Em alguns casos, sambaquis que deveriam ter sido destruídos ou estarem submersos, encontram-se em terra, recobertos por sedimentos costeiros mais recentes ou protegidas por alguma formação geológica. Além de sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento de uma Arqueologia Subaquática científica e para o estudo das curvas de Variação do Nível Relativo do Mar, esta pesquisa identificou algumas evidências importantes para a compreensão do fenômeno dos sambaquis, como por exemplo, a ocorrência de seqüências estratigráficas que atribuem diferenças funcionais e uma intencionalidade à construção de alguns sítios, assim como, datações que remetem a ocupação sambaquieira de Cananéia a uma antiguidade de quase 8.000 anos. / Among the Cananéia mangrove swamp (extreme south of São Paulo’s coastline), it was identified within the Archeological Programme of the Lower Ribeira Valley, eight shell middens within which could be found archeological submerged traces. Aiming at the understanding of these shell middens occurrence and the contextualisation in space and time in relation to the holocenic variations of the sea level, this monograph was based on an adaptation of the Vibracoring technique, underwater archeological methods and techniques, on the geoarcheological interpretation of Waters (1992), and on the studies of Formation Process adopted by Stein (1992). Thus, the shell middens preserving potential and distribution in this area shows a strong correlation with the sea related level changes, that occurred after the last holocenic regressive maximum. These evidences also indicated that not only were there real chances that completely submerged shell midden were preserved but also that it is not always that sites related to an ancient sea level ended up into being destroyed or kept submerged. In some cases, some that should have been destroyed or kept submerged, are seen in land covered by recent coast sediments or protected by any geological feature. Besides contributing to the development and maturation of the scientific underwater archeology and for the studies of the curves of the sea related level changes the research also identified some important evidences to the understanding of the shell middens phenomenon such as the occurrence of stratigraphic sequences that attach functional differences and an intention in building some sites, such as the one dated back to almost 8.000 years ago when Cananéia was first inhabited by the people of the shell middens
23

Crenças linguísticas na (des/re)construção das identidades dos professores de língua em formação no curso de Licenciatura em Letras da UEPG

Borges, Simone Sousa 14 September 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Sousa Borges.pdf: 1211213 bytes, checksum: f41f93bedfacd5553c5cce07aa4623f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-14 / This work aims at discussing believes in the (re/de)construction of identity in language teachers in formation process from a Language Licentiate course at Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. Firstly, we start from the hypothesis that the analysed subjects: Língua e Texto (LT) and Introdução aos Estudos Linguisticos (IEL), both from the first year of the course, are responsible for (de/re)construction of some believes which some students bring with them when we come to the University concerning to what is language, grammar etc, as the subjects give opportunity to make important reflections for their formation. On the other hand, other believes seem to be quite resistent to the formation process. For data gathering in this qualitative basied research, we used four instruments: observations, documental analysis, semi-structured interview and daily records (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986). The participants of the research were teachers from a Language Licentiate Portuguese/Spanish, Portuguese/ English and Portuguese/France course in formation process. With the research results we concluded that observing teachers in formation process believes allows us to widely discuss their identity (de/re)construction, once we understand identity as being flexible and always in construction, as they are pervaded by new and different experiences which will confront other identities. We also notice that the teachers are strongly influenced by the academic environment, at least theorically, and is responsable for some changes in the believes related to the concepts of language, grammar, and teacher/student roles etc. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir as crenças na (des/re)construção das identidades dos professores de língua em formação no curso de Licenciatura em Letras da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Para tanto, partimos da hipótese de que as disciplinas analisadas de Língua e Texto (LT) e Introdução aos Estudos Linguísticos (IEL), ambas do primeiro ano do curso, têm responsabilidade na (des/re)construção de algumas crenças que os alunos trazem consigo a respeito do que seja língua(gem), gramática etc. quando de sua entrada no ensino superior e, consequentemente, na (des/re)construção identitária deste, visto que as disciplinas oportunizam a realização de reflexões relevantes para sua formação. Por outro lado, outras crenças parecem ser mais resistentes ao processo de formação. Para a coleta dos dados desta pesquisa, de base qualitativa, utilizamos quatro instrumentos: observações, diário de campo, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), o que permitiu que realizássemos uma coleta de dados mais ampla (SILVA, 2005). Os participantes da pesquisa eram professores em formação do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras português/espanhol, português/inglês e português/francês. Como resultados da pesquisa, concluímos que a observação das crenças dos professores em formação permite que se discuta mais amplamente sua (des/re)construção identitária, partindo de uma perspectiva de que suas identidades estão sempre em movimento, se (des/re)construindo, uma vez que são perpassadas por novas e diferentes experiências que se confrontaram/confrontarão com outras já existentes. Notamos também que os professores sofrem grande influência da academia, pelo menos teoricamente, e que esta tem responsabilidade na mudança de algumas crenças relacionadas às noções de língua(gem), gramática, papel do professor/aluno etc.
24

Interventions On Immovable Archaeological Heritage As A Tool For New Formation Process

Simsek, Gokce 01 June 2009 (has links) (PDF)
In the preservation discourse, interventions are generally viewed as technical issues. Considering that interventions cause variety of changes in the characteristics of archaeological edifices starting from the excavation, these changes constructs and shapes the archaeological edifices in terms of its appearance and meaning. In that respect, interventions act as tools for making changes in archaeological edifices by causing transformation of existing characteristics, loss of some others and adding new ones. Based on this, the study aims to evaluate interventions by putting change at the center in order to understand how interventions affect archaeological edifice in constructing its appearance and meaning. The study is based on evaluation of intervention through a &amp / #8216 / new formation process&amp / #8217 / , which is based on two phases. The first phase deals with evaluation of changes in values through the &amp / #8216 / value formation process&amp / #8217 / . The second phase is related with the assessment of changes in the characteristics of archaeological edifice as a whole, in terms of its physical, functional and semantic characteristics. This approach enables the examination of the process of change starting from prior to excavation and the assessment of interventions through the principles of change (reliability, consistency, legibility) and the &amp / #8216 / value formation process&amp / #8217 / . The evaluation method is sampled on certain intervened archaeological edifices on the Curetes Street in Ephesus. The study concludes that the interventions are significant tools for making changes in archaeological edifices throughout its new lifecycle. The &amp / #8216 / value formation process&amp / #8217 / and the &amp / #8216 / new formation process&amp / #8217 / approach can make it possible to predict changes in archaeological edifices, prevent value conflicts caused by interventions and improve the quality of change shaped by interventions. Approaching the intervention process as a change management problem necessitates to develop appropriate change strategies and to define this process as a &amp / #8216 / new formation process&amp / #8217 / .
25

Faces do agir docente em projetos cooperativos de internacionalização: uma leitura interacionista sociodiscursiva de representações sobre políticas de idiomas estrangeiros no contexto dos Institutos Federais

Cavalcante, Rivadavia Porto 12 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T11:21:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3252565 bytes, checksum: f2f3ba3165576f427615b9f960130111 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3252565 bytes, checksum: f2f3ba3165576f427615b9f960130111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis performs a study with two language teachers (Portuguese and English) teachers who are engaged in internationalization cooperative projects of the Federal Institutes of Education. Science and Technology (IFs).The main goal was to investigate representations constructed by such teachers who act in favor of a specific language policy implementation in order to develop language practices according to those institutions specific programs. This study is motivated by the fact that, when it comes to language policies implementation context, teachers also act as international advisors in their respective institutions. They recontextualize (interpret and recreate) policies.To achieve the thesis purposes, I adopted a discursive analysis of written texts, that is, documents produced collectively, with the participation of these educators. Besides, I analyzed semi-structured interviews done with the collaborators to understand their activities progress in social background of surveyed institutions. Data analysis were based on Sociodiscursive Interactionism (ISD) theoretical and methodological contributions, which prioritize praxis phenomenon in texts-discourse analysis. Considering the object particularities under investigation, I established a coupling between the ISD assumptions (BRONCKART, 1999, 2008b; BULEA, 2014a), the conceptual contributions of Applied Linguistics and Language Policies (SPOLSKY, 2009, 2004; SHOHAMY, 2006, 2009; MENKEN and GARCIA, 2010; HÉLOT, 2014) and Education Sociology theories (BALL et. Al., 1992, 1993, 1994, BALL, 2006).These additional contributions prioritize in their approaches, practices as the strongest element in the definition of a policy. Such complementary contributions also approach contextualized practices as the strongest element in defining a policy. Methodology proceedings was guided by text analysis updated model proposed by Bronckart (2008a, 2008b, 2010a), Bulea & Bronckart (2008) and Bulea (2010, 2014b), along with interpretative hermeneutics contributions by Rastier (1998, 2001a, 2009). About data analysis, written and oral texts were considered as a starting point. At first, I measured aspects of socio-political and cultural universe related to the historical moment that influenced conditions/situations correlated to production and reception conditions, followed by its internal structural and functional properties. Study results revealed that the two Advisor Teachers, when confronted with State inadequate public educational policies in their institutional contexts, built knowledge embodied to implementation of alternative proposal for language policy represented in their “Projetos de Centro de Idiomas” (PCI, Language Center Projects), such as fostering international action designed to such institutions. Data evidence the social, active and decisive role performed by Advisor Teachers to formulate and implement Language Policies. When the teachers adapt those policies to institutional needs, their meanings were (re) defined according to teachers’ representations. PCI implementation process has reshaped goals and purposes of teaching and learning foreign languages in surveyed institutions. Innovative, cultural and collaborative practices were added in PCI, such as international partnerships, skill tests and cooperation of foreign trainees, among others, in order to integrate different languages to achieve academic mobility. Thus, representations and actions performed by Advisor Teachers have changed institutional standards, as well as the teaching staff and the training model proposed in terms of professional, scientific and technological formation driven by internationalization patters in this decade. / O presente trabalho é a materialização de um estudo realizado com duas professoras de idiomas (Português e Inglês) a serviço dos projetos cooperativos de internacionalização dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs). O principal objetivo foi investigar as representações construídas pelas referidas educadoras ao empreender ações em favor da implantação de uma política linguística específica para o fomento de práticas de idiomas de acordo com as particularidades dos programas ofertados nessas instituições. A motivação para este estudo repousa no fato de que, no contexto de implementação das políticas de línguas (PL) nos IFs, as referidas professoras, atuando também como assessoras internacionais em suas respectivas instituições, recontextualizam (interpretam e recriam) essas políticas. Para atingir os propósitos da tese, pautei-me na análise de textos-discursos de natureza escrita, ou seja, documentos produzidos coletivamente, com a participação das referidas docentes. Além disso, analisei entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com essas colaboradoras acerca do andamento das suas atividades no quadro social de interação das instituições pesquisadas. As leituras dos dados foram feitas com base no aporte teórico e metodológico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD), que prioriza o fenômeno das práticas na análise dos textos-discursos. Considerando a especificidade do objeto investigado, estabeleci um acoplamento dos pressupostos do ISD (BRONCKART, 1999, 2008b; BULEA, 2014a) com as contribuições conceituais oriundas da Linguística Aplicada e das Políticas Linguísticas (SPOLSKY, 2004, 2009; SHOHAMY, 2006, 2009; MENKEN e GARCIA, 2010; HÉLOT, 2014), além das teorizações da Sociologia da Educação (BALL et. al., 1992, BALL, 1993, 1994, 2006). Esses aportes complementares priorizam igualmente, em suas abordagens, as práticas contextualizadas como o elemento mais forte na definição de uma política. A metodologia utilizada foi orientada pelo modelo atualizado de análise de textos proposto por Bronckart (2008a, 2008b, 2010a), Bulea e Bronckart (2008) e Bulea (2010, 2014b) e as contribuições da hermenêutica interpretativa de Rastier (1998, 2001a, 2009). Na análise dos dados, os textos escritos e orais foram o ponto de partida. Primeiramente, considerei os aspectos do universo sociopolítico e cultural do momento histórico que influenciaram as condições/situações do contexto de produção e recepção, e, em seguida, as suas propriedades estruturais e funcionais internas. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que as duas Professoras Assessoras, ao se confrontarem com a inadequação das políticas públicas educacionais do Estado em seus contextos institucionais, construíram conhecimentos e saberes que estão materializados na implementação de uma proposta alternativa de política linguística que está representada em seus Projetos de Centros de Idiomas (PCI), como ação de fomento à internacionalização dessas instituições. Os dados revelam o papel social, ativo e determinante das Professoras Assessoras na formulação e implementação de PL. Ao adequá-la às necessidades do contexto institucional, os seus sentidos foram (re)definidos conforme as representações das docentes. O PCI, em processo de concretização, tem reconfigurado os objetivos e as finalidades de ensinar e aprender línguas estrangeiras nas instituições pesquisadas. Nele, foram agregadas práticas inovadoras, culturais e colaborativas - as parcerias internacionais, os testes de proficiência e a cooperação de estagiários estrangeiros - dentre outras, integrando diferentes idiomas com vistas à mobilidade acadêmica. Destarte, as representações construídas e as ações implantadas pelas Professoras Assessoras têm alterado os padrões institucionais, o coletivo docente e o modelo de formação proposto no âmbito da internacionalização da Formação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica desta década.
26

Análise do processo de formação de estratégias de marketing no jornal Correio da Paraíba

Lucena, Rodrigo Gonçalves 29 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 764372 bytes, checksum: 4049ed75d74a1c6415e140f068a414e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main objective that motivated this research was to analyze the formation process of marketing strategies in the newspaper Correio da Paraiba in the period from 1991 to 2010. The research sets a qualitative kind, descriptive and is a single case study. The research scenario was the newspaper Correio da Paraiba, which covered six interviewed, three from top management (CEO, superintendent and executive director) and three from mid-level directors (marketing director, commercial director and managing editor). In the data collection was mainly used the semi-structured interview technique, as well as direct observation. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed for qualitative data analysis and the observations were made through field notes. Data analysis involved the description and interpretation of different aspects of the phenomenon investigated. Four critical events and strategic phases of the newspaper were identified. The results said that the context alternated moments of external and internal turbulence. Over the period studied, strategic changes were identified, mostly, due to the action of the external environment factors, such as politics, economy and society, as well as an adaptive cycle due to the advent of a new technology. It was realized that the constant adjustment of marketing strategies to external factors, as a response to threats, the newspaper featured into a reactive company. Internally, there was a change in power relations, where it had previously isolated groups who did not share ideas and information, now there is integration with a goal of a greater good, the newspaper. It was confirmed the essential role of leaders where, in a first moment, there was the superintendent forming strategies and making decisions. Later there was the division of power between the superintendent and the executive director, where both gave autonomy to the mid-level boards form their own strategies for their respective divisions, since they were aligned with the general directives of the top management. Marketing strategies have been identified in order to launch new products, segmenting them, place them and promote their sales. Because this is the business area that keeps the contact between the company and the external environment, something perceived by the leadership of the newspaper, marketing has grown in importance and many of these strategies that added for the company to become market leader, were created by the department. It was observed that the mode of formation of the marketing strategies of the newspaper occurred in two stages, and in the first half of the researched time was the entrepreneurial type and the second half was the umbrella and imposed types. Contributions of this study: it is important to have an understanding on the part of the managers about the internal and external context in which they are inserted, because they can guide the organization to obtain or maintain competitive advantage; the managers participation in the management of internal conflicts is critical to business success; the expansion of knowledge about the strategy formation process is a source of competitive advantage, because only the very organization known as the competence of its people and their own capabilities are interrelated and, consequently, is more difficult for competitors trying to play things inherent to each company. / O objetivo central que motivou esta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de formação das estratégias de marketing no jornal Correio da Paraíba no período de 1991 a 2010. A pesquisa se configura de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e é um estudo de caso único. O cenário da pesquisa foi o jornal Correio da Paraíba, onde abrangeu seis entrevistados, sendo três da alta administração (diretor-presidente, superintendente e diretora executiva) e três das diretorias de nível médio (diretor de marketing, diretor comercial e editor geral). Na coleta de dados utilizou-se principalmente a técnica de entrevista semi-estruturada, além da observação direta. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise qualitativa dos dados e as observações foram feitas por meio de notas de campo. A análise dos dados compreendeu a descrição e interpretação de aspectos distintos do fenômeno investigado. Foram identificados eventos críticos e quatro fases estratégicas do jornal. Os resultados permitiram afirmar que o contexto alternava momentos de turbulência externa e interna. Ao longo do período pesquisado, foram identificadas mudanças estratégicas devido à ação, principalmente, de fatores do ambiente externo, tais como política, economia e sociedade, além de um ciclo adaptativo em decorrência do advento de novas tecnologias. Percebeu-se a constante adaptação das estratégias de marketing aos fatores externos, como forma de resposta às ameaças, caracterizando o jornal como uma empresa reativa. Internamente, houve a mudança nas relações de poder, pois onde antes havia grupos isolados que não compartilhavam ideias e informações, agora observa-se integração com o objetivo de um bem maior, o jornal. Notou-se ainda o papel essencial dos líderes onde, em um primeiro momento, havia a figura do superintendente formulando as estratégias e tomando as decisões. Posteriormente houve a divisão de poder entre o superintendente e a diretora executiva, onde ambos deram autonomia para as diretorias de nível médio formarem suas estratégias para suas respectivas divisões, desde que estivessem alinhadas com as diretrizes gerais da alta cúpula. Assim, estratégias de marketing foram identificadas com o objetivo de lançar novos produtos, segmentá-los, posicioná-los e promover suas vendas. Por ser a área empresarial que mantém o contato entre a empresa e o ambiente externo, algo percebido pela cúpula do jornal, o marketing cresceu em importância e muitas dessas estratégias, que agregaram para que a empresa se tornasse líder de mercado, foram criadas pelo próprio departamento. Observou-se que o modo de formação das estratégias de marketing do jornal ocorreu em duas etapas, sendo a primeira metade do período pesquisado do tipo empreendedor e a segunda metade do tipo guarda-chuva e imposta. Contribuições desse estudo: é importante haver uma compreensão por parte dos empresários acerca dos contextos interno e externo onde estão inseridos, pois estes podem guiar a organização a obter ou manter vantagem competitiva; a participação dos gestores na gestão de conflitos internos é crucial para o sucesso empresarial; a expansão do conhecimento sobre o processo de formação estratégica é fonte de vantagem competitiva, pois só a própria organização sabe como a competência dos seus indivíduos e suas próprias capacidades são relacionadas entre si e, como consequência, é mais difícil para competidores tentarem reproduzir algo inerente a cada empresa.
27

Os sambaquis submersos de Cananéia: um estudo de caso de arqueologia subaquática / The underwater shell middens of Cananéia: a case study of underwater archaeology

Flávio Rizzi Calippo 16 August 2004 (has links)
Em meio aos manguezais de Cananéia (extremo sul do litoral de SP), foram identificados, no âmbito do Programa Arqueológico do Baixo Vale do Ribeira, oito sambaquis que apresentam vestígios arqueológicos submersos. Com o objetivo de compreender a ocorrência desses sambaquis e de contextualizá-los espaço-temporalmente em meio às flutuações holocênicas do nível do mar, esta dissertação fundamentou-se em uma adaptação da técnica do Vibracoring, em métodos e técnicas da Arqueologia Subaquática, na abordagem geoarqueológica proposta por Waters (1992) e no estudo dos Processos de Formação adotados por Stein (1992). Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho pode identificar que o potencial de preservação e a distribuição dos sambaquis nessa região apresentam uma forte correlação com as oscilações do Nível Relativo do Mar, que ocorreram após o último máximo regressivo holocênico. Essas evidências indicaram também, que além de existirem chances reais de sambaquis totalmente submersos terem se preservado, nem sempre sítios relativos a um antigo nível marinho acabaram sendo destruídos ou ficando submersos. Em alguns casos, sambaquis que deveriam ter sido destruídos ou estarem submersos, encontram-se em terra, recobertos por sedimentos costeiros mais recentes ou protegidas por alguma formação geológica. Além de sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento de uma Arqueologia Subaquática científica e para o estudo das curvas de Variação do Nível Relativo do Mar, esta pesquisa identificou algumas evidências importantes para a compreensão do fenômeno dos sambaquis, como por exemplo, a ocorrência de seqüências estratigráficas que atribuem diferenças funcionais e uma intencionalidade à construção de alguns sítios, assim como, datações que remetem a ocupação sambaquieira de Cananéia a uma antiguidade de quase 8.000 anos. / Among the Cananéia mangrove swamp (extreme south of São Paulo’s coastline), it was identified within the Archeological Programme of the Lower Ribeira Valley, eight shell middens within which could be found archeological submerged traces. Aiming at the understanding of these shell middens occurrence and the contextualisation in space and time in relation to the holocenic variations of the sea level, this monograph was based on an adaptation of the Vibracoring technique, underwater archeological methods and techniques, on the geoarcheological interpretation of Waters (1992), and on the studies of Formation Process adopted by Stein (1992). Thus, the shell middens preserving potential and distribution in this area shows a strong correlation with the sea related level changes, that occurred after the last holocenic regressive maximum. These evidences also indicated that not only were there real chances that completely submerged shell midden were preserved but also that it is not always that sites related to an ancient sea level ended up into being destroyed or kept submerged. In some cases, some that should have been destroyed or kept submerged, are seen in land covered by recent coast sediments or protected by any geological feature. Besides contributing to the development and maturation of the scientific underwater archeology and for the studies of the curves of the sea related level changes the research also identified some important evidences to the understanding of the shell middens phenomenon such as the occurrence of stratigraphic sequences that attach functional differences and an intention in building some sites, such as the one dated back to almost 8.000 years ago when Cananéia was first inhabited by the people of the shell middens
28

Functional shift and semantic change in Lord of the Rings Online

Norlin, Susanne January 2013 (has links)
The purpose of this essay is to identify functional shifts and semantic changes in the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Lord of the Rings Online. The focus is on new uses of established terms in Standard English and the intent is to see how the word formation processes work in an online gaming environment, and identify the possible reasons behind them. Due to the lack of previous studies of language in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games, the aim is to provide some insight into some of the language developments that occur in such an environment. A quantitative method has been utilised in order to distinguish patterns, and the material, in the form of chat logs, has been gathered from Lord of the Rings Online. The chat logs have then been used to create a corpus, and, from this point, a qualitative method has been employed. The corpus has been thoroughly analysed for the words which have undergone functional shifts and/or semantic changes, and a selection of these words are presented and discussed based on word formation process. The findings in this study seem to confirm that language changes in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game follow the same patterns as in other environments.
29

Contrato preliminar: eficácia nos negócios jurídicos complexos / Preliminary agreement: effectiveness in complex relationship

Alem, Fabio Pedro 24 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Pedro Alem.pdf: 1315541 bytes, checksum: 00b36de44b388a3b25f7f74e358611d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / The scope of this dissertation is to critically analyze the preliminary agreement in complex relationship, notably regarding the obligation level or predetermination of the definitive agreement substance level (weak, medium and strong), and the practical consequences of preliminary agreement in complex relationship. The study starts with the historic and evolutionary analysis of the application of the preliminary agreement, followed by a presentation of its basic characteristics. Furthermore, the requisites of existence, validity and effectiveness of the preliminary agreement and its practical consequences in the complex relationship will be examined, based on current Brazilian legislation regarding obligations / A proposta desta dissertação é analisar criticamente o contrato preliminar nos negócios jurídicos complexos, com destaque para os graus de obrigatoriedade ou os níveis de predeterminação do conteúdo do contrato definitivo (fraco, médio e forte) e as consequências práticas do contrato preliminar nos negócios complexos. O ponto de partida do trabalho é a análise histórica e evolutiva da aplicação do contrato preliminar, seguida por uma apresentação de suas características fundamentais. Também serão analisadas a existência, a validade e a eficácia do contrato preliminar, com destaque para as funcionalidades e consequências práticas nos negócios jurídicos considerados complexos, sob a ótica do atual direito obrigacional brasileiro
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Kulturpolitik : Formeringen av en modern kategori / Cultural Policy : Establishing a Modern Category

Klockar Linder, My January 2014 (has links)
This dissertation analyses the formation of Swedish cultural policy in the twentieth century and the emergence of a modern concept of cultural policy. The aim is to historicise this concept by opening up the process through which it was established. The dissertation explores different aspects of this process: the use of the word cultural policy (kulturpolitik), the ambitions in the 1960s to establish a form of knowledge production relevant in cultural policy making and the attempts made by various official authorities in the 1960s and early 1970s to identify and manage the field of concerns defined as belonging to cultural policy, thus demarcating culture as a formal area of policy making. I view these as examples of practices where the category of cultural policy was elaborated and established in a form widely recognized today. Accompanying my attempts to historicise the modern concept of cultural policy is an interest in how the history of cultural policy has generally been conceived. In previous research devoted to the history of cultural policy an analytical sense of cultural policy has tended to overrule the understanding(s) of cultural policy found in the historical sources. As a consequence, the histories of cultural policy have left out what historically was identified as cultural policy, thus leaving the historical grounds for the modern concept of cultural policy partly hidden. In the first empirical chapter I examine the uses of the word cultural policy when it was introduced in the Swedish language in the late nineteenth century until the 1950s. From a multitude of usages, I suggest that it was in the mid-twentieth century that a more consistent vocabulary developed, with “cultural policy” referring to political endeavors aiming at a nation’s domestic cultural life. In the second empirical chapter I investigate how scientific conceptualisations and operationalisations rendered culture available for scientific, political and administrative undertakings, and in the third chapter I study how culture was demarcated as a formal area of policy making. The chapters reveal different aspects of the historical process through which the category of cultural policy was established in its present shape.

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